Taxable asset. The procedure for analyzing deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities and assessing their impact on the financial condition of the organization


A very specific account 09 “Deferred tax assets” (DTA) occupies line 1180 in the first asset section of the balance sheet. 09 account in the balance sheet occurs if the recognition of income/expenses does not coincide in the accounting and tax accounting of the company. The amounts on it reflect the company's obligations to pay taxes that will arise in the future, but actually arise at the moment due to different approaches to assessing income, costs, liabilities, and asset accounting methods used by the organization. The calculation of OTA amounts is carried out on the income statement using the liability tracking method.

Count 09: how it is formed

Situations when SHE appears are not uncommon. For example, a company has accrued expenses, but at the end of the reporting period they have not yet been paid in full or in part, or the amount of accrued expenses (for example, for depreciation of property) in accounting exceeds this figure in tax accounting. Those. In accounting, a smaller amount of profit is recorded than in tax accounting, which leads to the formation of temporary deductible differences (TDD). This gap must be taken into account in future periods, since the differences subsequently affect the calculation of income tax (IIT).

Thus, accounting account 09 is a reflection of information about tax assets deferred for the future that arise during the formation of foreign taxation authorities. This procedure for recording data is relevant for all income tax payers except credit institutions and small businesses. Analytical accounting is carried out according to the types of SHA for which IVRs arise. The size of IT is calculated using the formula: VVR multiplied by the NNP rate.

Invoice 09: correspondence with invoices

Account 09 corresponds with the accounts:

According to D/t account. 09 in cooperation with K/t account. 68, ONA is recorded, increasing the size of the conditional expense/income of the reporting period. According to K/t account. 09 in correspondence with D/t account. 68 - reduction or repayment of IT.

Upon disposal of a property for which STI was accrued, K/t account. 09 corresponds with D/t account. 99. With account 84 SHE usually interact when closing an account. 09, if an enterprise (for example, a small one) exercises the right not to use IT in accounting transactions. In this case, the decision is fixed in the accounting policy.

Account 09 “Deferred tax assets”: examples

In the 4th quarter of 2017, JSC TOR supplied 2 batches of hardware for a total amount of 590,000 rubles, incl. VAT 90,000 rub. As of the date of drawing up the report, payment was made only for one batch of materials - in the amount of 354,000 rubles, including VAT of 54,000 rubles.

The company's accountant reflected the calculations in the following entries:

  • Accounting expenses – 500,000 rubles. (590,000 – 90,000);
  • Tax accounting expenses – 300,000 rubles. (354,000 – 54,000);
  • Deductible temporary difference – 200,000 rubles. (500,000 – 300,000).

Accounting entries:

Operation

Base

Receipt of hardware to the warehouse

Comrade invoice

Invoice

The debt for the supply of materials has been partially repaid

Pl. order

The amount of the temporary difference is reflected

Help-calculation

The increase in the amount of ONA is calculated (200,000 x 0.20)

Help-calculation

68 (calculation of NNP)

So, IT is reflected in accounting by posting: D/t 09 (loss of the current year) K/t 68 (NNP) - 40,000 rubles. To simplify the problem, we will accept the condition that there are no other operations of the company. The question arises, how to close an account 09 .

Postings to account 09 at the end of the year

To close the balances on the account. 09, when using automated accounting systems, proceed as follows: account 09 “Loss of the current period (USP)”, reflected by TOR LLC in accounting, is closed manually, transferring the cost to future periods by recording:

  • D/t 09 (calculations of future periods - FBP)) K/t 09 (USP) - 40,000 rub.

This posting is internal, it does not affect the results in the General Ledger, but allows the mechanized accounting system to see this accounted difference, closing costs and correctly generating financial statements, and in the future, when making a profit, reflect the posting. For example, (let's continue the previous example) in the 1st quarter of 2017 the following entry will be made:

  • D/t 68 (calculation of NNP) K/t 09 (RBP) – 40,000 rub.

Ch. 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Article 283) gives taxpayers the right to transfer losses received in the current year to the future, partially or completely, over the next 10 years. To write off losses, you should not wait until the end of the next tax period, but carry out this operation in the next reporting period if a profit is made.

Account 09: entries for the reflection of ONA in case of a loss. Example

At the end of 2016, the company incurred a loss of 180,000 rubles, recorded in accounting (Financial Results Report) and in tax accounting (Declaration). In the 1st quarter of 2017, a profit of 250,000 rubles was received, in the 2nd quarter - a profit of 60,000 rubles.

Based on this information, transactions were made to repay IT:

Operation

Base

The amount of conditional income for 2016 is reflected (180,000 x 0.20)

Help-calculation

The amount of loss for 2016 is taken into account as IT

Help-calculation

The amount of conditional income accrued for 1 quarter. 2017 (250,000 x 0.20)

Help-calculation

The amount of loss has been repaid

Help-calculation

Reversal of conditional income tax accrued for 1 quarter. 2017

Help-calculation

The amount of conditional income accrued for Q2. 2017 (60,000 x 0.20)

Help-calculation

The amount of ONA is repaid from a loss that reduces profit for taxation

Help-calculation

S.I. Krylov,
Professor of the Department of Accounting and Auditing
Ural State technical university -
UPI named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin,
Doctor of Economic Sciences
Financial bulletin: finance, taxes, insurance, accounting
No. 5, March 2010

As is well known, deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were introduced into domestic accounting and accounting (financial) statements by the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for calculations of income tax of organizations” (PBU 18/02), approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19. 2002 No. 114n (as amended by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated February 11, 2008 No. 23n).

A deferred tax asset is understood as that part of deferred income tax that should lead to a reduction in income tax payable to the budget in the next reporting period or in subsequent reporting periods. Deferred tax asset increases the contingent income tax expense in the reporting period.

Deferred tax liability is understood as that part of deferred income tax that should lead to an increase in income tax payable to the budget in the next reporting period or in subsequent reporting periods. The deferred tax liability reduces the contingent income tax expense in the reporting period.

Information on the presence and movement of deferred tax assets is summarized in active account 09 “Deferred tax assets”. Its debit reflects the occurrence of a deferred tax asset in the reporting period (debit of account 09 - credit of account 68), and its credit reflects disposal (debit of account 68 or account 99 - credit of account 09).

Information about the availability and movement of deferred tax obligations summarized in passive account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities”. Its credit reflects the occurrence of a deferred tax liability in the reporting period (debit of account 68 - credit of account 77), and its debit reflects disposal (debit of account 77 - credit of account 68 or account 99).

In the balance sheet, deferred tax assets are reflected as part of non-current assets (line 145), and deferred tax liabilities are reflected as part of long-term liabilities (line 515). In addition, deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities arising during the reporting period are also reflected in the income statement (lines 141 and 142, respectively).

Since deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are reflected in these most important forms of accounting (financial) reporting of an organization, which are the main sources of information for conducting a financial analysis of its activities, automatically deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities become objects of financial analysis of the organization's activities.

At the same time, it is advisable to formulate the economic content of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as objects of financial analysis as follows:

deferred tax assets can be considered as a separate, specific type of long-term accounts receivable;

deferred tax liabilities can be considered as a separate, specific type of long-term accounts payable.

Naturally, these formulations are fair from the position of accounting, and not tax accounting.

It is also necessary to determine what types of activities should include the movement (i.e., the occurrence and write-off) of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities.

It is obvious that the movement of deferred tax assets should be attributed to the investment activities of the organization, since it is this type of activity that is associated with the receipt and disposal of non-current assets, and the movement of deferred tax liabilities should be attributed to the financial activities of the organization, since this activity is associated with changes in the amount and composition of capital organizations, including debt.

Having briefly described deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as objects of accounting and financial analysis, let us turn to consider the procedure for their analysis and assessment of the impact on the financial condition of the organization.

The analysis of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities begins with studying their value, composition, structure and dynamics in the context of individual types or terms of formation (up to 1 month, from 1 to 3 months, from 3 to 6 months, from 6 to 12 months and over 12 months). Calculations are performed in a standard analytical table (Table 1).

Table 1. Analysis of the volume, composition, structure and dynamics of deferred tax assets (liabilities)

Based on the results of the calculations, a conclusion is drawn about the reasons that caused changes in the value, composition and structure of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. In addition, it is advisable to compare the growth rates and gains of individual structural elements of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities with each other and draw a conclusion about the reasons for their differences.

The next stage of the analysis is the compilation and analysis of the balance sheet of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, since deferred tax liabilities can be considered as sources of financing deferred tax assets. The balance of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities has the form of a table. 2.

Table 2. Balance of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, thousand rubles.

Based on this thesis, the most optimal situation should be the equality of their values. A less optimal, but still acceptable situation can be considered if the amount of deferred tax liabilities exceeds the amount of deferred tax assets (passive balance). The passive balance can be characterized as a kind of additional source of financing, the possibility of using which is determined by the timing of repayment of deferred tax liabilities. The opposite situation - the excess of the amount of deferred tax assets over the amount of deferred tax liabilities (surplus balance) - is the least optimal. This is explained by the fact that the active balance should be considered as a kind of additional diversion of the organization’s financial resources from circulation (until the amount of deferred tax assets is repaid). Based on the results of compiling the balance sheet of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, a conclusion must be drawn about the reasons for the occurrence of their active or passive balance. By the way, it should be noted that according to PBU 18/02, it is possible to reflect the balanced amount of deferred tax assets and liabilities in the balance sheet if the following conditions are simultaneously met:

a) the presence of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities in the organization;

b) deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are taken into account when calculating income taxes.

Next, the movement of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities is analyzed in the context of their individual types. The analysis examines the emergence and disposal of various types deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. In many ways, this helps explain the existence of an active or passive balance in the balance sheet of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Calculations are performed in the table (Table 3).

Table 3. Analysis of the movement of deferred tax assets (liabilities)

Based on the results of calculations, a conclusion is drawn about the reasons for the emergence and disposal of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities.

According to PBU 18/02, the reasons for the formation of deferred tax assets are deductible temporary differences that arise as a result of:

applications different ways depreciation charges for accounting purposes and for purposes of determining income tax;

application of different methods of recognition of commercial and administrative expenses in the cost of products sold, goods, works, services in the reporting period for accounting, accounting and tax purposes;

loss carried forward, not used to reduce income tax in the reporting period, but which will be accepted for tax purposes in subsequent reporting periods, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees;

application, in case of sale of fixed assets, different rules recognition for accounting and tax purposes of the residual value of fixed assets and expenses associated with their sale;

availability of accounts payable for purchased goods (works, services) when using

the cash method of determining income and expenses for tax purposes, and for accounting purposes - based on the assumption of temporary certainty of facts economic activity;

other similar differences.

The disposal of deferred tax assets, as a rule, is due to a decrease or complete repayment of deductible temporary differences, as well as the disposal of assets for which they were accrued.

In accordance with PBU 18/02, the causes of deferred tax liabilities include taxable temporary differences that arise as a result of:

application of different methods of calculating depreciation for accounting purposes and purposes of determining income tax;

recognition of revenue from the sale of products (goods, works, services) in the form of income from ordinary activities of the reporting period, as well as recognition of interest income for accounting purposes, based on the assumption of temporary certainty of the facts of economic activity, and for tax purposes - on a cash basis;

application of various rules for reflecting interest paid by an organization for providing it with funds (credits, borrowings) for use for accounting and tax purposes;

other similar differences. The disposal of deferred tax liabilities, as a rule, is due to a decrease or complete repayment of taxable temporary differences, as well as the disposal of assets or types of liabilities for which they were accrued.

The final stage of the analysis of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities is the study of their average repayment periods, which is associated with the calculation and assessment of their turnover rates in days.

The turnover of deferred tax assets in days (Tones) is calculated using the formula:

Tones=(ONAcr/K09)*D, (1)

where ONAsr is the average amount of deferred tax assets for the period (defined as the arithmetic mean or chronological mean); K09 - the amount of credit turnover of account 09 “Deferred tax assets” for the period; D - number of days in the period.

This indicator characterizes average term repayment of deferred tax assets in the analyzed period. The lower the value of this indicator, the higher the intensity of use of deferred tax assets. In addition, formula (1) allows us to assess the liquidity of deferred tax assets: the lower the Tone value, the higher their liquidity.

The turnover of deferred tax liabilities in days (Tono) is calculated using the formula:

Tono = (ONOSr/D77)*D, (2)

where ONOsr is the average amount of deferred tax liabilities for the period (defined as the arithmetic average or chronological average); D77 - the amount of debit turnover of account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” for the period; D - number of days in the period.

This indicator characterizes the average maturity of deferred tax liabilities in the analyzed period. The lower the value of this indicator, the higher the intensity of use of deferred tax liabilities, i.e. they are repaid faster.

However, on the other hand, the slowdown in their turnover, i.e. an increase in the Tono value means that the volume is maintained financial resources, corresponding to ONOsr, in the organization’s turnover for a longer time.

The analysis of indicators (1) and (2) should be carried out in dynamics and in comparison with the plan (data calculated according to the budget). In this case, the most preferable situation is when Tona does not exceed Tono. IN otherwise this negatively affects the solvency of the organization.

Assessing the impact of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities on the financial condition of an organization is aimed at studying changes in its property position, financial stability, solvency and liquidity, intensity of resource use and business efficiency as a result of an increase or decrease in deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. The emergence of deferred tax assets in the analyzed period leads to an increase in the current income tax and, accordingly, to a decrease in the organization’s net profit. Also, due to the appearance of deferred tax assets, the value of non-current assets increases, and then the total of the asset and, accordingly, the liability balance sheet. In addition, it should be noted that deferred tax assets are characterized by zero profitability and are therefore a pure immobilization of the organization’s funds from an accounting perspective.

It is obvious that these factors associated with deferred tax assets have an impact on the indicators of the financial condition of the organization, which is manifested in the following:

1.Increases specific gravity non-current assets and the share of current assets in property decreases.

2. The quality of non-current assets is deteriorating.

3. The amount of own working capital decreases.

4.The values ​​of net current assets and liquidity ratios decrease.

5. The share of short-term liabilities and, accordingly, borrowed funds in capital increases.

6.The values ​​of turnover ratios of all assets, non-current assets, borrowed capital and short-term liabilities are reduced.

7.The values ​​of profitability indicators calculated based on net profit are decreasing. At the same time, the most significant decrease is experienced by the return on assets indicator, since not only net profit decreases, but also the average amount of all assets increases.

The occurrence of deferred tax liabilities in the analyzed period leads to a decrease in the current income tax and, accordingly, to an increase in the organization’s net profit. Also, due to the appearance of deferred tax liabilities, the value of long-term liabilities increases and the value of short-term liabilities decreases, and the total balance sheet liability remains unchanged. Since the total of a liability is always equal to the total of an asset, the sum of all assets of the organization remains unchanged in the accounting estimate. In addition, deferred tax liabilities as an element of borrowed capital (and long-term ones) have zero value.

It is obvious that the above factors associated with deferred tax liabilities have an impact on the financial condition of the organization, which is manifested in the following:

1. The share of long-term liabilities increases and the share of short-term liabilities in the organization’s capital decreases. At the same time, the amount of financial expenses remains unchanged.

2. The value of net current assets and the value of liquidity ratios increase.

3. The values ​​of the turnover ratio of invested capital (long-term liabilities) and long-term liabilities decrease, and the value of the turnover ratio of short-term liabilities increases.

4. The values ​​of profitability indicators calculated based on net profit are increasing (for example, such important ones as return on assets and return on equity). The situation with the return on invested capital and the return on long-term liabilities is ambiguous: on the one hand, an increase in net profit leads to their increase, and on the other, an increase in the average amount of invested capital and long-term liabilities leads to their decrease.

5. Thus, the emergence of deferred tax assets leads to a deterioration in the property situation, financial stability, solvency and liquidity, a decrease in the intensity of resource use and the efficiency of the organization’s economic activities. In other words, the emergence of deferred tax assets clearly affects negative impact on the financial condition of the organization.

6. The emergence of deferred tax liabilities leads to some improvement in financial stability, solvency, liquidity and an increase in the efficiency of economic activity with a certain deterioration in a number of turnover indicators. In other words, the impact of deferred tax liabilities on the financial condition of the organization can be assessed as more positive than negative.

7. Calculations of the impact of the occurrence of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities on the indicators of the financial condition of the organization can be performed using the methods of deterministic factor analysis.

Summarizing the content of the article, the author considers it necessary to note that the analysis of deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities and assessment of their impact on the financial condition of the organization should be considered as a largely new, separate area of ​​financial analysis or, more precisely, analysis of the financial condition of the organization, which has its own characteristics, due to the specifics of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as objects of accounting and financial analysis. This area of ​​analysis of the financial condition of an organization requires further in-depth study and development with subsequent inclusion in educational literature on financial analysis and analysis of financial condition.

Literature

1. Analysis in managing the financial condition of a commercial organization / N.N. Ilysheva, SI. Krylov. M.: Finance and Statistics; INFRA-M, 2008. 240 p.: ill.

2. Ilysheva N.N., Krylov S.I. Analysis of financial statements of a commercial organization: Textbook. a manual for university students studying in specialty 080109 “Accounting, analysis and audit”, 080105 “Finance and credit”. M.: UNITY-DANA, 2007.431p.

3. Chart of accounts for accounting of financial and economic activities of organizations and Instructions for its application. M.: Eksmo, 2007.112 p.

4.New Accounting Regulations. 10th ed., revised. and additional M.: Prospekt, 2009.192 p.

In 2011, accounting was restored and a transition to a new version of the program was carried out; as a result, PBU 18 was not applied; in 2012, PBU 18 began to be applied and there were losses. As of January 1, 2011, the balances of account 09 and account 77 were entered in the analytics into account 84. In 2013, the organization turned a profit and recalculated deferred tax assets and liabilities. Can an organization change the balance sheet of accounts 09 and 77, as well as 84 for three years 2011, 2012, 2013? And in what period: in 2013 or perhaps as early as 2014?

No, it cannot, since they need to be changed only in 2013.

A detailed procedure for recording transactions on deferred tax assets and liabilities is contained in the materials of the Glavbukh System

Deferred tax assets are accounted for in account 09 of the same name and are reflected by the following posting:*


– a deferred tax asset is reflected.

Deferred tax liabilities are accounted for in account 77 of the same name and are reflected by the following posting:*


– deferred tax liability is reflected.

In the following periods, as income (expenses) “converge” in accounting and tax accounting, the amounts of deferred tax liabilities (assets) are repaid*.

This procedure is provided for in paragraphs 8–12, and PBU 18/02*.

Tax on loss

In accounting, the amount of income tax must be determined even if the organization has incurred a loss.

Income tax on losses is reflected in accounting as conditional income under income tax. This indicator is the product of the current income tax rate and the amount of loss reflected in accounting. This procedure is provided for in paragraph 20 of PBU 18/02.

If an organization has incurred a tax loss (in tax accounting there are more expenses than income), a deferred tax asset must be recorded in accounting (clause 14 of PBU 18/02). Its value is determined as the product of the current income tax rate and the amount of the tax loss. In subsequent periods, this indicator will reduce taxable profit.

The need to reflect conditional income and deferred tax assets in accounting is determined by the norms of tax legislation, according to which:

  • upon receipt of a loss, the tax base for profit tax is recognized as equal to zero (clause 8 of Article 274 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
  • a loss incurred in a particular reporting (tax) period may reduce taxable profit in the future (clause 1 of Article 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

The accounting rules do not provide for similar norms. Therefore, when the organization begins to make a profit and the accountant begins to reduce the tax base due to losses from previous years, ceteris paribus, a gap will arise between the profit indicators in accounting and tax accounting. The taxable profit of the reporting (tax) period will be less than the balance sheet by the amount of the transferred loss, and the real tax liabilities will be less than the conditional ones. To level out this discrepancy, the previously accrued deferred tax asset must be written off in accounting*.

During the period when a tax loss occurs, you need to make an entry in your accounting:*

Debit 09 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
– a deferred tax asset is reflected from the tax loss, which will be repaid in the following reporting (tax) periods.

Reflection of this amount as a credit to account 68 in the absence of real tax obligations distorts the state of settlements with the budget. To avoid distortions, simultaneously with the deferred tax asset, it is necessary to reflect conditional income in an amount equal to the amount of income tax on the loss reflected in accounting (with the same methods of accounting for income and expenses for accounting and tax accounting purposes, this amount will be equal to the deferred tax asset from tax loss)*.


– the amount of conditional income for the reporting period is accrued.

As a result of these entries, the financial result in accounting is overstated (the uncovered loss is reduced). The amount of overstatement (conditional income) is the amount of income tax on the loss generated in tax accounting. This value represents the expected savings that the organization will receive in future periods when its current tax liability is reduced due to the loss of previous tax periods. As the loss is carried forward, the deferred tax asset will be offset:*


– the deferred tax asset is written off from the settled loss.

This procedure follows from the provisions of paragraph 14 of PBU 18/02, Article 283 Tax Code RF, Instructions for the chart of accounts and letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 14, 2003 No. 16-00-14/219 *.

The chief accountant advises: during the tax period, restore the amounts of deferred tax assets repaid in previous reporting periods. This will allow you to avoid problems that may arise if, at the end of the next reporting periods, the profit calculated on an accrual basis from the beginning of the year decreases.

In tax accounting, based on the results of reporting periods, the amount of transferred losses may vary depending on the amount of taxable profit received. For example, if taxable profit for the first half of the year decreases compared to taxable profit for the first quarter, then the amount of loss carried forward will also decrease. Considering that when reporting for the first quarter, the deferred tax asset from the tax loss was already written off in a larger amount, it is advisable to restore this amount at the end of the six months. To do this, you should reverse transactions made based on the results of the previous reporting period. And on the reporting date, write off the deferred tax asset in the amount of the loss that can be taken into account in this period.

An example of how conditional income tax income and a deferred tax asset are reflected in accounting*

At the end of 2012, Alfa CJSC incurred a loss:

  • according to accounting data - 100,000 rubles;
  • according to tax accounting data - 100,000 rubles.

At the end of the first quarter of 2013, Alpha’s profit was:

  • according to accounting data - 200,000 rubles;
  • according to tax records - 200,000 rubles.

At the end of the second quarter of 2013, Alpha’s profit was:

  • according to accounting data - 50,000 rubles;
  • according to tax records - 50,000 rubles.

The following entries were made in the organization's accounting records.

Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 99 subaccount “Conditional income for income tax”
20,000 rub. (RUB 100,000 ? 20%) – the amount of conditional income for 2012 is accrued;

Debit 09 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
20,000 rub. (RUB 100,000 ? 20%) – the deferred tax asset of the tax loss is reflected.


– 40,000 rub. (RUB 200,000 ? 20%) – a conditional income tax was accrued for the first quarter;

Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 09
– 20,000 rub. (RUB 100,000 ? 20%) – the deferred tax asset is repaid from the loss.

Debit 99 subaccount “Conditional income tax expense (income)” Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
– 40,000 rub. – accrued income tax (conditional expense) for the first quarter was reversed;

Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 09
– 20,000 rub. – the tax asset was restored from the loss reflected in the first quarter;

Debit 99 subaccount “Conditional income tax expense” Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
– 10,000 rub. (RUB 50,000 ? 20%) – a conditional profit tax has been accrued for the six months;

Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 09
– 10,000 rub. (RUB 50,000 ? 20%) – the deferred tax asset is repaid from the transferred tax loss, which reduces the taxable profit for the half-year.

The amount of income tax reflected in the declaration for the first half of 2013 is 0 rubles. The balance of account 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” is equal to:
10,000 rub. – 10,000 rub. = 0 rub.

Current income tax is reflected correctly. The reporting period is closed correctly.

Control check

If there are permanent and temporary differences, the amount of income tax payable to the budget is determined as the amount of conditional tax adjusted by the amount of permanent (deferred) tax liabilities and assets. To make sure that income tax calculations are reflected correctly in accounting, use the formula:*

If the result obtained coincides with the amount reflected on line 180 of sheet 02 of the income tax return, then the income tax calculations are reflected correctly in accounting*.

If the organization does not have permanent and temporary differences, the amount of income tax payable to the budget is equal to the amount of the conditional tax (clause 21 of PBU 18/02)*.

The relationship between accounting and tax accounting indicators that influence the formation of balance sheet and taxable profit is presented in detail in table *.

Financial statements

The amounts of accrued income tax must be reflected in financial statements. For more information about this, see How to prepare a financial results report and the table Procedure for filling out a financial results report *.

An example of how a conditional income tax expense is reflected in accounting when closing a reporting period*

ZAO Alfa calculates income tax on a monthly basis based on actual profits. Income and expenses in tax accounting are determined using the cash method. The organization applies PBU 18/02. Alpha is engaged in the provision of information services and enjoys VAT exemption.

In January, Alpha sold services worth RUB 1,000,000.

The organization’s personnel received a salary in the amount of 600,000 rubles. The amount of contributions for compulsory pension (social, medical) insurance and insurance against accidents and occupational diseases from accrued salaries amounted to 157,200 rubles.

As of January 31, sales proceeds have not been paid, staff salaries have not been issued, mandatory insurance premiums not included in the budget.

On January 15, Alfa manager A.S. Kondratiev submitted an advance report on travel expenses in the amount of 1,200 rubles. On the same day, these expenses were fully reimbursed to him. Due to the excess of the standard daily allowance in tax accounting, travel expenses were reflected in the amount of 600 rubles.

In January, Alpha had no other operations. The following entries were made in the organization's accounting:

Debit 62 Credit 90-1
– 1,000,000 rub. – revenue from the sale of information services is reflected;

Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 77
– 200,000 rub. (RUB 1,000,000 ? 20%) – a deferred tax liability is reflected from the difference between the revenue reflected in financial and tax accounting;

Debit 26 Credit 70
– 600,000 rub. – wages accrued for January;

Debit 09 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
– 120,000 rub. (RUB 600,000 ? 20%) – a deferred tax asset is reflected from the difference between the salary reflected in accounting and tax accounting;

Debit 26 Credit 69
– 157,200 rub. – compulsory insurance contributions have been calculated from wages for January;

Debit 09 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
– 31,440 rub. (RUB 157,200 ? 20%) – a deferred tax asset is reflected from the difference between the amount of taxes (contributions) reflected in financial and tax accounting;

Debit 26 Credit 71
– 1200 rub. – travel expenses written off;

Debit 99 subaccount “Fixed tax liabilities” Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
– 120 rub. ((1200 rub. – 600 rub.) ? 20%) – reflects a permanent tax liability for travel expenses reflected in tax accounting;

Debit 90-2 Credit 26
– 758,400 rub. (RUB 600,000 + RUB 157,200 + RUB 1,200) – the cost of services sold is written off;

Debit 90-9 Credit 99 subaccount “Profit (loss) before tax”
– 241,600 rub. (RUB 1,000,000 – RUB 758,400) – profit for January is reflected;

Debit 99 subaccount “Conditional income tax expense” Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
– 48,320 rub. (RUB 241,600 ? 20%) – the amount of conditional income tax expense has been accrued.

In January, Alpha’s tax accounting reflected a loss in the amount of 600 rubles. (paid travel expenses). Since this loss will affect the determination of the tax base in the following periods, an entry was made in accounting:

Debit 09 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
– 120 rub. (600 rubles ? 20%) – a deferred tax asset is reflected from the tax loss.

The amount of income tax reflected in the declaration for January is zero. The balance of account 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” is equal to:
200,000 rub. – 120,000 rub. – 31,440 rub. – 120 rub. – 48,320 rub. – 120 rub. = 0.

The contingent income tax expense is reflected correctly. The reporting period is closed correctly.

Oleg Horoshiy

State Advisor to the Tax Service of the Russian Federation, 2nd rank

Sincerely,

Gennady Vinnikov, expert of the BSS "System Glavbukh".

Answer approved by Sergey Granatkin,

leading expert of the BSS "System Glavbukh".

The procedure for recording income and expenses for accounting and for calculating income tax differs. This leads to the fact that the amount calculated from accounting profit does not coincide with the income tax reflected in the tax return.

To reflect differences in the amount of tax, PBU 18/02 “Accounting for income tax calculations” was introduced, which:

Divides differences in the tax base into permanent (if any income/expense is reflected in accounting and is never accepted when calculating the tax base, or vice versa, is accepted when calculating the tax base and is not subject to reflection in accounting) and temporary (when income/ expenses are reflected in accounting in one reporting period, and accepted for taxation in another reporting period). Permanent differences lead to the emergence of permanent tax liabilities (assets), lead to the emergence of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities;

Provides for the reflection of income tax in the following order:

Conditional income/income tax expense (equal to the product of accounting profit and the income tax rate) is adjusted by the amount of deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities, and permanent tax liabilities (assets). The result is the amount of income tax reported on the tax return.

Definition of the term "deferred tax asset"

Under deferred tax asset refers to that part of deferred income tax that should lead to a reduction in income tax in subsequent reporting periods.

In other words, a deferred tax asset arises if the profit before tax in accounting is less than in tax accounting, and this difference is temporary.

Deferred tax asset = temporary difference * income tax rate.

In accounting, deferred tax assets are reflected in the account of the same name. In the financial statements, deferred tax assets are reflected on line 1180 of the balance sheet and line 2450 of the profit and loss statement.

Example

Company B calculates depreciation in accounting using the reducing balance method and it amounted to 150 thousand rubles, and for calculating income tax - using the linear method, and it amounted to 50 thousand rubles. Other differences between accounting and tax accounting No. Profit before tax according to accounting data is equal to 300 thousand rubles, according to income tax, accordingly, 400 thousand rubles. Income tax rate = 20%.

The difference between depreciation in accounting and tax accounting was 100 thousand rubles. (= 150 thousand rubles -50 thousand rubles).

This temporary difference, because - upon expiration beneficial use the equipment will be fully depreciated both in accounting and tax accounting;

This difference gives rise to a deferred tax asset because the tax base is greater than pre-tax profit in accounting.

The amount of deferred tax asset = 20 thousand rubles. (temporary difference 100 thousand rubles * income tax rate 20%).

If the calculation is correct, the amount of income tax calculated according to the rules of PBU 18/02 will be equal to the amount of tax reflected in the tax return.

Current income tax (PBU 18/02) =
Conditional income tax expense is 60 thousand rubles. (profit before tax according to accounting data 300 thousand rubles * profit tax rate 20%)
+
Deferred tax asset 20 thousand rubles.
=
80 thousand rubles.

Current income tax (declaration) =
Tax base 400 thousand rubles.
*
Profit tax rate 20%
= 80 thousand rubles.


Still have questions about accounting and taxes? Ask them on the accounting forum.

Deferred tax asset: details for an accountant

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    ... ;. Recommendation R-67/2016-KpR “A deferred tax asset from a loss of a consolidated group of taxpayers..., including a responsible participant, a tax loss, a deferred tax asset is not formed, since such a loss... unlike an individual taxpayer, such a deferred tax asset is not correlated economically with financial... provided for by PBU 18/02) deferred tax asset. The specified consolidated deferred tax asset (hereinafter referred to as CONA) is accounted for...

  • Should a deferred tax asset always be accounted for in the event of a loss?

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  • Temporary tax differences: causes and accounting features

    More accounting. Then the accountant will create a deferred tax asset (DTA), the value of which is equal to temporary... IT (450,000 rubles * 20%) Deferred tax asset (DTA) Deductible temporary differences are formed... transactions Dt Kr 09 subaccount “Deferred tax asset” 68 Subaccount “Income Tax... transactions Dr Kr 09 subaccount “Deferred Tax Asset” 68 Subaccount “Income Tax... transactions Dr Kr 09 subaccount “Deferred Tax Asset” 68 Subaccount “Income Tax...

  • Advance payments for income tax. Examples

    In accounting, it is necessary to create a Deferred Tax Asset in the amount of 18,000 rubles... in accounting, it is necessary to repay the previously formed Deferred Tax Asset in the amount of 6,000 rubles...

  • Temporary tax differences when creating provisions for doubtful debts

    On 18/02 a deferred tax asset (DTA) should be formed in the amount of 8,000...: Debit 68 Credit 09 - the deferred tax asset is written off. Unfortunately, we did not find...

  • PBU 18/02 when applying various rules for recognizing expenses (practical examples)

    Record the deferred tax asset. 09 68-4 4,506.48 The deferred tax asset is increased (18 ... of the deductible temporary difference, a deferred tax asset appears, which, according to paragraph ... a deductible temporary difference and a deferred tax asset. Monthly deductible temporary difference ... deductible temporary difference and the deferred tax asset will also decrease: deductible... temporary differences and, accordingly, the deferred tax asset. Correspondence of accounts Amount, rubles...

  • Deductible temporary differences and deferred tax assets

    Date. In accounting, a deferred tax asset that increases the amount of a conditional expense... a deferred tax asset. In the event of disposal of an asset for which a deferred tax asset was accrued,... in accounting, a deferred tax asset arises. Example 2. Assume ... temporary differences and, accordingly, a deferred tax asset. Correspondence of accounts Amount, rubles... reflect deferred tax asset 09 68-1 4,506.48 Deferred tax asset accrued 18 ...

  • Reflection of deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities, permanent tax liabilities (assets) in the financial statements

    The difference is 3,000 rubles. The deferred tax asset will amount to 720 rubles (3 ... for profit" 720 The deferred tax asset is reflected. The taxable temporary difference amounted to 6 ... 000 x 24%) - the deferred tax asset was accrued from the amount of the tax loss for ... for income tax. The deferred tax asset was partially written off - based on... a permanent tax liability, and the deferred tax asset, by the end of the year, profit... 11 PBU 18/02). The deferred tax asset is reflected in the accounting records as an entry...

  • Taxable temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities, accounting

    The accounting should have already accrued a deferred tax asset for the amount accrued in the accounting... produced in the period of the error. A deferred tax asset formed for 9 months of 2005 ... and a deferred tax asset was not accrued in tax accounting, then in part of the amount for ... accounting, both a deferred tax asset and a deferred tax liability may exist simultaneously ... an error is identified, you must adjust the deferred tax asset only for that portion that...

  • Accounting for special devices, special equipment and special clothing

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  • Requirements for disclosure of information on income taxes - comparative analysis of IFRS and RAS

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  • Pipeline transport insurance
  • Insurance of ships, cargo, other property

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  • Income tax for residents of special economic zones

    Russian Federation on a certain date. Deferred tax asset (clause 17 of PBU 18/02 ... tax assets." In accounting, a deferred tax asset that increases the amount of conditional expense (income ... of the year of operation will be fully repaid. The deferred tax asset reflected in the debit of account 09 .. production 09 68 650 Deferred tax asset reflected Monthly during the second year... (repaid in April 2008) deferred tax asset During the third year of operation...

  • Deferred tax assets and liabilities

    Tax. The resulting amount is called a “deferred tax asset.” This will be the amount... rub. The accountant formed a deferred tax asset from it: DEBIT 09 CREDIT... 12 months). At the same time, it is necessary to reduce the deferred tax asset: DEBIT 68 subaccount “Calculations for... X 24%) - the deferred tax asset is partially repaid. Credit turnover on account 09... the difference for which a deferred tax asset needs to be created: DEBIT 09 CREDIT... a deferred tax asset was created for this loss, this year the accountant...

Account 09 “Deferred tax assets” is intended to summarize information on the presence and movement of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets are accepted for accounting in the amount determined as the product of deductible differences that arose in the reporting period by the income tax rate in force at the reporting date.


The debit of account 09 “Deferred tax assets” in correspondence with the credit of account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” reflects a deferred tax asset that increases the amount of conditional expense (income) of the reporting period.


The credit of account 09 “Deferred tax assets” in correspondence with the debit of account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” reflects the decrease or full repayment of deferred tax assets to reduce the conditional expense (income) of the reporting period.


A deferred tax asset upon disposal of the asset for which it was accrued is written off from the credit of account 09 “Deferred tax assets” to the debit of account 99 “Profits and losses”.


Analytical accounting of deferred tax assets is carried out by type of asset or liability in the valuation of which a temporary difference arose.

Account 09 "Deferred tax assets"
corresponds with accounts


Application of the chart of accounts: account 09

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  • The procedure for filling out the balance sheet in a general form. Example

    On line 1230. Deferred tax assets. Line 1180 “Deferred tax assets” is filled out by taxpayers... 12 months) loans and credits. Deferred tax liabilities. Line 1420 is filled out by payers... Targeted financing" (clauses 9 and 20 of the Regulations on the accounting... account of the reserve for long-term financial investments). Line 1180 "Deferred tax assets&... = Dt 09. Line 1190 "Other non-current assets" ...

  • Advance payments for income tax. Examples

    ... = (Accrued advance payment for 9 months of the previous year - Accrued... Sheet 02 of the declaration for 9 months of the previous year. Monthly... (Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts for accounting financial and economic activities...) for the amounts of constant tax liability, deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability of the reporting period... quarter 2018 90-9, 91-9 "Accounting profit (loss... - 50,000 rubles); 90-9, 91-9 " Accounting profit (loss) ...

  • Tachograph. Accounting and Taxation

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  • What to pay attention to when preparing annual financial statements for 2017

    It was discovered (clause 9 of the Accounting Regulations “... the rule has one exception. Deferred tax assets and liabilities can be reflected in... utility payments, waybills, invoices; late submission to the accounting department... - if within one tax period - collection of a fine in... - if the violation resulted in an understatement of the tax base (base for calculating insurance... RF Failure by the organization to submit to the tax authority within the prescribed period...

  • Review of changes to IFRS introduced in the Russian Federation by Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 111n

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  • Let's talk about tariff regulation

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  • Interest on loans is included in the cost of investment assets

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  • Depreciation of leased property listed on the lessor's balance sheet

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  • Review of changes in accounting of budgetary organizations since 2016

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  • Changes in financial statements

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  • Main changes in the financial statements of budgetary and autonomous institutions

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