Presentation on the topic Daniel Defoe. Presentation on the topic “Daniel Defoe
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The Rise and Fall of Daniel Defoe I am more familiar than anyone with the vicissitudes of fate. Thirteen times I was rich, thirteen times I was poor. Chernoyarova Anastasia
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Daniel Faw /1661 - 1731/ James Faw - his father, a craftsman, a wealthy butcher and the owner of a small workshop for making candles, sent his son to a very famous school in Newing-ton-Green, where the boy received practical knowledge of history, mathematics, geography, studied French, Italian and Spanish, as well as Latin and Ancient Greek. But …
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...he did not want to become a preacher and took up entrepreneurial activity and commerce. He was a hosiery manufacturer and trade intermediary in the export of fabrics from England and the import of wines. While engaged in the wine trade, he visited France, Spain, Italy, and Portugal. Subsequently, he was even the owner of a tile factory.
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At the same time, he took an active part in the political events of his era. Under Charles II, he published his first political work, in which he condemned the dominant church. After the discovery of a conspiracy on the life of the king and James of Monmouth, Defoe raised the banner of Protestantism... But the army was defeated, and Monmouth himself was taken prisoner, Defoe “set off on wanderings through foreign lands.”
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In his public affairs, Defoe lost sight of his household; trade was bad; he went bankrupt... “Experience on projects” “Pureblood Englishman”
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1702 - pamphlet “The shortest way to deal with dissidents.” A nationwide search was launched. The London Gazette announces a government reward of £50 for anyone who can hand over Defoe. “A man of average height, about 40 years old, dark-skinned, with dark brown hair, wears a wig, has a hooked stature, a sharp chin, gray eyes and a large wart near his mouth.”
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Defoe had to pay 200 marks, was sentenced to stand in the pillory three times (July 29, 30, 31, 1703) in different places in London and to 7 years in prison. For "Hymn to the Pillory" he was asked to become a secret government agent.
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In 1731, a London newspaper published the message: “Daniel Defoe, the elder, very famous for his numerous works, died a few days ago.” “My grief is multiplied by the inability to see you. I'm away from London, in Kent. Now I am weak, suffering from a fever that has exhausted me. But those sorrows are even worse. I haven’t seen either my son or my wife for a long time and I don’t even know how I can see them. And I don’t know what to do at all.”
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No one has experienced such changeable destinies... “Devoting his strength to entrepreneurship, politics and literature, he lived at least three lives. Each of the aspects of Defoe’s activity is saturated to such an extent that individually it would be enough for the whole life of an extraordinary person who devoted himself to only one activity.”
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1719 “The life, extraordinary and amazing adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived twenty-eight years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America, near the mouth of the great Orinoco River, where he was thrown by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship, besides him, he died, with an account of his unexpected release by pirates. Written by himself."
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My name is Robinson Crusoe. I was born in New York City. Even as a child, I passionately wanted to be a sailor and could not find a place for myself at home. Of course, my parents tried to keep me with them. Father and mother proved to me that the best thing is to live at home, and not to travel to other countries. However, despite everything they said, I was eager to see the world.
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When I was 18 years old, I once came to the city of Hill and met a boy there whom I knew before. His father was the captain of the ship, and it was just going to London and the boy had to sail with his father. So he says to me: “Let’s go, Rob, with us!” Here all the parents’ teachings flew out of my head at once, I said “yes” and went on board the ship.
Slide 13
But when we went out to sea, the wind rose and suddenly flew at us the storm... Things were getting worse and worse... We already believed the worst, but suddenly not far from us, from nowhere, a ship appeared. However, the storm was strong and the boat could not approach us. But we barely escaped when we saw that our ship sank.
Slide 14
After five days we approached the shore. This was by the way, as we had little fresh water left. The water was needed...
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After this stop we walked south for 10 or 12 days. Once we approached the shore and suddenly saw some people there. They were completely black. I stopped the boat and showed them with signs that I was hungry: “You are full, but we are hungry.” And two of them ran into the interior of the area and after half an hour brought one piece of dried meat and some grain. We thanked them with signs, and then left our black friends and walked along the shore for ten more days.
Prototype
In 1712, a book by an English captain was published in London
Rogers
“A Voyage Around the World,” which told about an incident that happened on January 31, 1709: “...We approached the island
Juan Fernandez
. Our boat brought to the ship a man dressed in goatskins, which had a wilder appearance than their original owners. He lived on the island for four years and four months. It was a Scotsman named Alexander
Selkirk
».
Returning to my homeland,
Selkirk
declared: “Now I have capital, but I will never again be as happy as in those days...”
Geographical position islands
Island
Alexandra
Selkirk
9. Who did Robinson take with him when he left the island?
1. Cat and dog.
2. Friday and the parrot.
3. Friday and the dog.
Friday and the parrot
.
Born under the name
Daniel
Foe
around 1660
Cripplegate
. Died April 26, 1731
Moorfields
. His father was a butcher. Around 1703 Daniel changed his surname to Defoe.
4. How old was Robinson Crusoe when he first went on a sea voyage?
18 years
What clothes did Robinson Crusoe wear?
In the first three years I wore
shirt and trousers,
then I sewed my own clothes
from the skins of the dead
im animals
What did Robinson come up with to avoid losing track of time?
He set up a pillar and did
nicks with a knife
Daniel Defoe. Aphorisms
It's never too late to wise up.
In every situation you will find something comforting if you look hard enough.
A good adviser can bring a person back to life, he inspires courage in the faint-hearted and awakens in the human mind the ability to do the right thing.
In moments of hesitation, boldly follow the suggestion of your inner voice if you hear it, even if, apart from this voice, nothing prompted you to do as it advises you.
What ridiculous decisions does a person come to under the influence of fear! Fear takes away our ability to control the means that the mind offers to help us.
A person lacks the wisdom to rest on his laurels.
The highest degree of human wisdom is the ability to adapt to circumstances and remain calm in spite of external thunderstorms.
Fear is a disease that relaxes the soul, just as a physical illness relaxes the body.
Bankruptcy
In 1684 Defoe married Mary
Tuffles
, who bore him eight children. The wife also brought a dowry of £3,700.
For some time, Defoe could be considered a relatively wealthy man, but in 1692, both his wife’s dowry and his own savings were swallowed up by bankruptcy, which claimed 17 thousand pounds sterling.
Story
Alexandra
Selkirk
Story
Robinson Crusoe
1. Born in 1711
year.
1. Born in 1632.
2. Born in Largo (Scotland).
2. Born in York (England).
3. After being captured by pirates, he became a pirate himself.
3. After capture
He was sold into slavery by pirates and escaped a few years later.
4. Set sail as a boatswain
for gold.
4.
He set sail as a co-owner of the ship for slaves.
5. I got to the island on my own
will because of enmity with the captain of the ship.
5. I came to the island after a shipwreck.
6.
Lived on the island for 4.5 years.
6. Lived on the island for 28 years.
7. Was rescued by a randomly visiting ship.
7. Was rescued by a hijacked ship
pirates (helped the captain regain control of his ship).
8. A few years later he re-entered the service and died.
8.
He became a rich man and decided to stay in England.
3. How many volumes does the book about Robinson Crusoe consist of?
from three volumes:
1st – 1719,
2nd – 1719, - “The Further Adventures of R. Crusoe”,
3rd – 1720 – “Serious Reflections of R. Crusoe.”
7. What phrase did R. Crusoe teach the parrot first?
1. “Poor, poor Robinson. Where did you end up?
2. “Robinson was born in England. I want to go home".
3. “We will return home.”
“Poor, poor Robinson.
Where did you end up?
How did Robinson transport things to the island?
Robinson built a raft
Daniel Defoe
(c.1660-1731)
This name ranks among the best writers not only in England, but probably in the whole world.
A merchant and traveler, advisor to kings and governments, secret agent in England and Scotland, father of many children and a rich man, he was persecuted by the authorities more than once, and was pilloried several times.
and were even imprisoned for pamphlets ridiculing the political system
.
Robinson Crusoe Island (old name Robinson Crusoe Island - island
Mas
-A-
Tierra
)
The Pacific rocky island of Robinson Crusoe, 22 kilometers long and 7 kilometers wide, is located
667 kilometers away
west of the Chilean city of Valparaiso.
First of all
«
Robinson Crusoe" is an adventure novel. This is a fascinating story about a man who thirsted for adventure and ran away
from
parental
Houses
in order to entrust his fate to the game of chance with which dangerous journeys on land were associated
And
sea.
twelve
How many trips to the ship did Robinson Crusoe make?
Entrepreneur Daniel Defoe
In 1681 he began to compose religious poetry, but soon became involved in commercial activities.
For some time he traded in Spain and traveled extensively throughout Western Europe. At one time, Daniel Defoe was the owner of a hosiery factory, then first a manager, and then the owner of a brick and tile factory.
It is known that in the period before 1685 on the way between
Harwich
and Holland, Defoe was captured by Algerian pirates, but soon he was allegedly ransomed.
"Adventures
Robinson Crusoe"
One of the most famous novels by Daniel Defoe is “The Adventure of Robinson Crusoe”.
The full title of the novel is “The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived for 28 years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown out by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship, except him, died , with an account of his unexpected liberation by pirates, written by himself"
First edition of the novel.
On the left is an engraving of Clark and
Payna
,
redrawn by Jean
Granville
in 1840
Illustrations for the novel
2.Who was the prototype of Robinson Crusoe?
(Scottish sailor and boatswain Alexander
Selkirk
who lived on a desert island
Mas a Tierra
, which is 400 kilometers from Chile, more than four years.)
8. Shortly before the end of his life on the island, R. Crusoe saved a savage from death. What was his name?
1Saturday.
2. Monday.
3. Friday.
3. Friday.
10. How many years have you lived?
on the island of R. Crusoe?
1. 28 years old.
2. 32 years old.
3. 15 years old.
28 years.
Where did Robinson spend his first night on the island?
On the tree.
He was afraid of wild animals
Education
He studied at J. Fisher's school in Dorking, then at the Academy, which trained pastors for the Presbyterian Church.
Alexander
Selkirk
born in 1676 in the town of Largo, located in one of the cozy coastal corners of Scotland on the shores of the North Sea, in the family of a shoemaker. In the workshop, where early years he had to help his elders, he was bored. But he was irresistibly drawn to the Red Lion tavern, located not far from their house. Experienced people gathered here, “sea wolves”, who had seen fairy-tale lands and seen many wonders there.
Illustrations
to the novel
Illustrations
to the novel
6. What animals did you take?
from R. Crusoe's ship?
1. Two cats and a dog.
2. Guinea pigs.
3. Parrot
.
Two cats and a dog
What kind of utensils did Robinson use?
clay
Daniel Defoe's grave
The famous novel “The Life, Extraordinary and Wonderful Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” was written by Defoe in his 58th year and was published on April 25, 1719. The book sold out instantly, and new editions were needed. During 1719 alone, the novel was published four times.
Novel about Robinson
Remember the full title of the novel about Robinson Crusoe.
Moderatomoderatorr
(“The life and amazing adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York. He lived twenty-eight years all alone on a desert island off the coast of America, near the mouth of the river
Orinoco, where
he was cast out in a shipwreck during which the entire crew died. excluding him alone, with an account of his unexpected liberation by the pirates, written by himself")
How many boats did Robinson Crusoe build?
Two
Parents' dream
The father decided to make a son
religious preacher
Defoe - editor
Defoe began to edit "
Review
» («
Review
"), a periodical published from 1704 to 1713, most often every three weeks. Of all Defoe's political writings, his comments in "
Review
" are best known.
In 1719, without stopping his active journalistic work, Defoe began to write prose.
It is no secret that Defoe was the head of intelligence, operating under the patronage of the Speaker of the House of Commons, and then Earl of Oxford Robert
Harley
.
Defoe died in London on April 26, 1731.
Alexander
Selkirk
In October 1704
Selkirk
after a quarrel with the galleon captain
Cinque
Ports
was landed on a deserted island
Mas a Tierra
or
Aquas
Buenas
(now named Robinson Crusoe), part of the Juan Archipelago
Fernandez
V Pacific Ocean, 640 kilometers from the coast of Chile.
Alexander
Selkirk
Alexander
Selkirk
(1676-1721)
Novel about Robinson
Not everyone knows that the story of the life of Robinson Crusoe turned into a literary epic consisting of three parts.
In the second part (1720), called “The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” and received much more coolly by the public, the hero once again goes on his wanderings: he visits his favorite island, makes a trip around the world, at the end of which he finds himself in distant and mysterious Russia.
The third part of the epic, entitled “Serious Reflections During the Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Including His Visions of the Angelic World” (1721), is not a complete work of fiction, but rather an essay on socio-philosophical and religious topics.
QUIZ
5. The English of the 17th-18th centuries sometimes heard from sailors about people who lived for some time on uninhabited islands; name the reason why one could be a resident of the island.
(The English fleet had a cruel custom of leaving sailors who had done something wrong on the islands.)
Why did Robinson sew his umbrella and clothes with the fur on the outside?
So that rainwater can
flow down the fur as if down an inclined plane
What grains did Robinson grow from?
From barley and rice grains
Public punishment
Defoe was sentenced to seven years in prison, a fine and three times pillory. However, the punishment turned into a triumph for the writer: Defoe was showered with flowers.
Air
Daniel Defoe (c.1660-1731)
This name ranks among the best writers not only in England, but probably in the whole world.
A merchant and traveler, advisor to kings and governments, secret agent in England and Scotland, father of many children and a rich man, he was persecuted by the authorities more than once, and was pilloried several times.
and were even imprisoned for pamphlets ridiculing the political system .
Parents' dream
The father decided to make a son
religious preacher
Education
He studied at J. Fisher's school in Dorking, then at the Academy, which trained pastors for the Presbyterian Church.
Entrepreneur Daniel Defoe
In 1681 he began to compose religious poetry, but soon became involved in commercial activities.
For some time he traded in Spain and traveled extensively throughout Western Europe. At one time, Daniel Defoe was the owner of a hosiery factory, then first a manager, and then the owner of a brick and tile factory.
It is known that in the period before 1685, on the way between Harwich and Holland, Defoe was captured by Algerian pirates, but soon he was allegedly ransomed.
Bankruptcy
In 1684 Defoe married Mary Tuffley, who bore him eight children. The wife also brought a dowry of £3,700.
Public punishment
Defoe was sentenced to seven years in prison, a fine and three times pillory. However, the punishment turned into a triumph for the writer: Defoe was showered with flowers.
Air Crow
Defoe - editor
Defoe began editing the Review, a periodical published from 1704 to 1713, most often every three weeks. Of all Defoe's political writings, his comments in the Review are the best known.
In 1719, without stopping his active journalistic work, Defoe began to write prose.
It is no secret that Defoe was the head of intelligence, operating under the patronage of the Speaker of the House of Commons, and then the Earl of Oxford, Robert Harley.
"Adventures Robinson Crusoe"
One of the most famous novels by Daniel Defoe is “The Adventure of Robinson Crusoe.”
The full title of the novel is “The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived for 28 years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown out by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship, except him, died , with an account of his unexpected liberation by pirates, written by himself"
First edition of the novel.
On the left is an engraving of Clark and Pine,
redrawn by Jean Granville in 1840
Prototype
In 1712, the book of the English captain Rogers, “A Voyage Around the World,” was published in London, which told about the incident that happened on January 31, 1709: “...We approached the island of Juan Fernandez. Our boat brought to the ship a man dressed in goatskins, which had a wilder appearance than their original owners. He lived on the island for four years and four months. It was a Scotsman named Alexander Selkirk."
Returning to his homeland, Selkirk said: “Now I have capital, but I will never again be as happy as in those days...”
Geographical location of the islands
Island
Alexandra Selkirk
Alexander Selkirk
In October 1704, Selkirk, after a quarrel with the captain of the galleon Cinque Ports, was landed on the deserted island of Mas a Tierra or Aquas Buenas (now called Robinson Crusoe), part of the Juan Fernandez archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, 640 kilometers from the coast of Chile.
Alexander Selkirk/
Alexander Selkirk (1676-1721)
Alexander Selkirk born in 1676 in the town of Largo, located in one of the cozy coastal corners of Scotland on the shores of the North Sea, in the family of a shoemaker. In the workshop, where from an early age he had to help his elders, he was bored. But he was irresistibly drawn to the Red Lion tavern, located not far from their house. Experienced people gathered here, “sea wolves”, who had seen fairy-tale lands and seen many wonders there.
Robinson Crusoe Island (the old name of Robinson Crusoe Island is Mas a Tierra Island)
The Pacific rocky island of Robinson Crusoe, 22 kilometers long and 7 kilometers wide, is located
667 kilometers away
west of the Chilean city of Valparaiso.
Story
Alexandra Selkirk
Story
1. Born in 1711.
Robinson Crusoe
1. Born in 1632.
2. Born in Largo (Scotland).
2. Born in York (England).
3. After being captured by pirates, he became a pirate himself.
4.He went on a voyage as a boatswain for gold.
3. After being captured by pirates, he was sold into slavery and escaped a few years later.
4. He set sail as a co-owner of the ship for slaves.
5. He came to the island of his own free will because of enmity with the captain of the ship.
5. I came to the island after a shipwreck.
6. Lived on the island for 4.5 years.
6. Lived on the island for 28 years.
7. Was rescued by a randomly visiting ship.
8. A few years later he re-entered the service and died.
7. Was rescued by a ship captured by pirates (helped the captain regain control of his ship).
8. Became a rich man and decided to stay in England.
Novel about Robinson
The famous novel “The Life, Extraordinary and Wonderful Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” was written by Defoe in his 58th year and was published on April 25, 1719. The book sold out instantly, and new editions were needed. During 1719 alone, the novel was published four times.
First of all
"Robinson Crusoe" is an adventure novel. This is a fascinating story about a man who thirsted for adventure and fled from his parents' home in order to entrust his fate to the game of chance that involved dangerous journeys on land and sea.
Novel about Robinson
- Not everyone knows that the story of the life of Robinson Crusoe turned into a literary epic consisting of three parts.
- In the second part (1720), called “The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” and received much more coolly by the public, the hero once again goes on his wanderings: he visits his favorite island, makes a trip around the world, at the end of which he finds himself in distant and mysterious Russia.
- The third part of the epic, entitled “Serious Reflections During the Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Including His Visions of the Angelic World” (1721), is not a complete work of fiction, but rather an essay on socio-philosophical and religious topics.
Illustrations to the novel
Illustrations to the novel
Remember the full title of the novel about Robinson Crusoe.
(“The life and amazing adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York. He lived twenty-eight years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America, near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew died. Except for him alone, with an account of his unexpected liberation by pirates, written by himself")
Moderatomoderatorr
2.Who was the prototype of Robinson Crusoe?
(Scottish sailor and boatswain Alexander
Selkirk, who lived on the uninhabited island of Mas a Tierra, 400 kilometers from Chile, for more than four years.)
4. How old was Robinson Crusoe when he first went on a sea voyage?
5. The English of the 17th-18th centuries sometimes heard from sailors about people who lived for some time on uninhabited islands; name the reason why one could be a resident of the island.
(The English fleet had a cruel custom of leaving sailors who had done something wrong on the islands.)
6. What animals did you take?
from R. Crusoe's ship?
1. Two cats and a dog.
2. Guinea pigs.
3. Parrot.
Two cats and a dog
8. Shortly before the end of his life on the island, R. Crusoe saved a savage from death. What was his name?
1Saturday.
2. Monday.
3. Friday.
3. Friday.
7. What phrase did R. Crusoe teach the parrot first?
1. “Poor, poor Robinson. Where did you end up? 2. “Robinson was born in England. I want to go home". 3. “We will return home.”
- “Poor, poor Robinson.
Where did you end up?
9. Who did Robinson take with him when he left the island?
1. Cat and dog. 2. Friday and the parrot. 3. Friday and the dog.
Friday and a parrot.
10. How many years have you lived?
on the island of R. Crusoe?
1. 28 years old. 2. 32 years old. 3. 15 years old.
How many trips to the ship did Robinson Crusoe make?
twelve
What clothes did Robinson Crusoe wear?
In the first three years I wore
shirt and trousers,
then I sewed my own clothes
from the skins of the dead
im animals
Why did Robinson sew his umbrella and clothes with the fur on the outside?
So that rainwater can
flow down the fur as if down an inclined plane
Where did Robinson spend his first night on the island?
On the tree.
He was afraid of wild animals
BiographyBorn around 1660
close to English
capital, in Cripplegate. Father,
meat merchant, prepared it
Presbyterian career
pastor and sent him to the spiritual
seminary, Morton Academy
in Stoke Newington, where he
son studied classical
literature, as well as Latin and
Greek. However, Defoe Jr. was completely attracted
another path - commercial
activity, trade.
CRIPLEGATE
Difficult years
DIFFICULT YEARSAt the age of twenty, Daniel Defoe joined the army of the Duke of Monmouth,
who rebelled against his uncle, James Stuart, who was conducting
during his reign, pro-French policies. Jacob suppressed
uprising and dealt harshly with the rebels. Daniel Defoe
had to hide from persecution. With the onset of more
favorable times, that is, with the accession of William to the throne
Oransky, Defoe returned to literary activity. When people
began to grumble that a stranger had been placed on the throne, Daniel Defoe
wrote the satirical poem True Englishmen, in
which showed that the entire English nation consists of a mixture
different tribes, and therefore it is absurd to look with hostility at
an impeccable king in every way just because he
was born not in England, but in Holland. This poem has done
there is a lot of noise at court and in society. Wilhelm wished to see
author and gave him a fairly significant cash gift.
Difficult years
DIFFICULT YEARSIn 1702, Queen Anne ascended to the English throne, the last of
Stuarts, under the influence of the Conservative Party. Defoe
wrote his famous satirical brochure “The Truest
a means to get rid of dissenters.” Called dissenters in England
Protestant sectarians. In this pamphlet the author advised parliament
not to be shy with the innovators who bothered him and hang them all or
send to the galleys.
At first, parliament did not understand the true meaning of satire and
rejoiced that Daniel Defoe directed his pen against the sectarians.
Then someone figured out the real meaning of the satire. Parliament
recognized him as a rebel, sentenced him to a fine,
being pilloried and imprisoned. But
the enthusiastic people strewed his path to the pillory with flowers and
gave a standing ovation. During his time in prison, Defoe wrote
“Hymn to the Pillory” and managed to publish the magazine “Review”.
Creation
CREATIONAfter Daniel Defoe's release from prison
publishes Robinson Crusoe. This book was published in 1719.
Defoe himself traveled only once: in his youth he
sailed to Portugal, and everything else
lived in his homeland for a while. But the writer took the plot of the novel
from life. Residents of England at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries
could repeatedly hear stories from sailors about
people who lived more or less long
time on various uninhabited islands.
Creation
CREATIONEncouraged by the enormous success of Robinson,
Daniel Defoe wrote many more
essays in the same spirit: “Marine
robber", "Colonel Jack", "Journey
Around the World", "The Political History of the Devil"
and others. Defoe wrote more than two hundred books and
brochures that were popular with
contemporaries.
MOLLE FLENDERS
The novel tells the story of a poorgirl who was born in
Newgate prison and
for six decades
his varied life
(not counting children's
age) was twelve
years as a kept woman, five times
married (of which once
his brother), twelve
years old thief, eight years
exile in Virginia, but
in the end she became rich,
live honestly and died in
repentance.
ROXANA
The novel "Roxana", published in 1724,Defoe's last and darkest novel,
autobiography tells a story
a woman who sold herself first so that
just to survive, and then for fame and money.
Roxana, smart, cunning, resourceful
swindler, extremely sober and sane
analyzes his actions and clearly
expressed character traits that
helped her succeed in her "adventures".
From this very detailed story about the goals and
Roxanne's ways we learn about how she
seduced others with clever manipulations, and
in the end she herself was seduced,
becoming addicted to money and fame.
ROBINSON CRUSOE
The full title of the work isas "Life, extraordinary and
Robinson's amazing adventures
Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived 28
years all alone
uninhabited island off the coast of America
near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was
thrown out by shipwreck, during
of which the entire crew of the ship except
he died, outlining his
unexpected release by pirates;
written by himself." This book gave
the beginning of classical English
novel and gave birth to a fashion for
pseudo-documentary fiction
prose; she is often called the first
"authentic" novel in English
language. But despite this, he
like others
talents, lived and died in
need in London. Early
biographers of Defoe
they say that
tombstone,
installed on his
the grave in the 18th century had
modest, but
meaningful
Caption: "Daniel Defoe
author of Robinson Crusoe.
Died April 24, 1731
in the 70th year from
birth." Concerning
literary significance
Defoe, then in this
respect him boldly
it could be considered
predecessor
Richardson and Fielding and
the founder of that
literary school,
which reached in
England
the highest blossoming at
Dickens and Thackeray.
Slide 1
Daniel Defoe English writer, essayist, journalist
Slide 2
Biography
Born around 1660 near the English capital, in Cripplegate. His father, a meat merchant, groomed him for a career as a Presbyterian minister and sent him to a theological seminary, Morton Academy in Stoke Newington, where his son studied classic literature, as well as Latin and Greek. However, Defoe Jr. was attracted by a completely different path - commercial activity, trade.
Slide 3
Cripplegate
Slide 4
At the age of twenty, Daniel Defoe joined the army of the Duke of Monmouth, who rebelled against his uncle, Jacob Stuart, who pursued a pro-French policy during his reign. Jacob suppressed the uprising and dealt harshly with the rebels. Daniel Defoe had to hide from persecution. With the advent of more favorable times, that is, with the accession of William of Orange to the throne, Defoe returned to literary activity. When the people began to grumble that a stranger had been placed on the throne, Daniel Defoe wrote a satirical poem, “The True Englishmen,” in which he showed that the entire English nation consists of a mixture of different tribes, and therefore it is absurd to look with hostility at a king who is impeccable in all respects just because he was born not in England, but in Holland. This poem caused a lot of noise at court and in society. Wilhelm wished to see the author and gave him a rather significant monetary gift.
Difficult years
Slide 5
In 1702, Queen Anne ascended to the English throne, the last of the Stuarts to be influenced by the Conservative party. Defoe wrote his famous satirical pamphlet, The Surest Way to Get Rid of Dissenters. Protestant sectarians in England called themselves dissenters. In this pamphlet, the author advised the parliament not to be shy with the innovators who bothered it and to hang them all or send them to the galleys. At first, parliament did not understand the true meaning of the satire and were glad that Daniel Defoe directed his pen against the sectarians. Then someone figured out the real meaning of the satire. Parliament declared him a rebel and sentenced him to a fine, pillory and imprisonment. But the enthusiastic people strewed his path to the pillory with flowers and gave him an ovation. During his time in prison, Defoe wrote “Hymn to the Pillory” and managed to publish the magazine “Review”.
Difficult years
Slide 6
After his release from prison, Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe. This book was published in 1719. Defoe himself traveled only once: in his youth he sailed to Portugal, and the rest of the time he lived in his homeland. But the writer took the plot of the novel from life. Residents of England at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries could repeatedly hear stories from sailors about people who lived for more or less long periods of time on various uninhabited islands.
Creation
Slide 7
Encouraged by the enormous success of Robinson, Daniel Defoe wrote many other works in the same spirit: The Sea Robber, Colonel Jack, A Voyage Around the World, The Political History of the Devil and others. Defoe wrote more than two hundred books and pamphlets, which were popular with his contemporaries.
Creation
Slide 8
Moll Flanders
The novel tells the story of a poor girl who was born in Newgate prison and during the sixty years of her varied life (not counting childhood) was a kept woman for twelve years, married five times (of which once to her brother), a thief for twelve years, an exile in Virginia for eight years, but in the end she became rich, began to live honestly and died in repentance.
Slide 9
Roxana
Defoe's last and darkest novel, Roxana, published in 1724, tells the story of a woman who sold herself, first to survive, and then for fame and money, in the form of an autobiography. Roxana, an intelligent, cunning, inventive swindler, is extremely sober and sensible in analyzing her actions and the pronounced traits of her character that helped her succeed in her “adventures.” In this very detailed account of Roxanne's goals and paths, we learn how she seduced others through clever manipulation, and in the end she herself was seduced, becoming dependent on money and fame.
Slide 10
Robinson Crusoe
The full title of the work is “The Life, Extraordinary and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived for 28 years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown out by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship except him died, with an account of his unexpected release by pirates; written by himself." This book gave rise to the classic English novel and gave rise to a fashion for pseudo-documentary fiction; it is often called the first "authentic" novel in English.
Slide 11
But despite this, he, like other talents, lived and died in poverty in London. Early biographers of Defoe say that the tombstone placed on his grave in the 18th century bore a modest but significant inscription: “Daniel Defoe, author of Robinson Crusoe.” He died on April 24, 1731, at the age of 70.”
Slide 12
As for the literary significance of Defoe, in this respect he can safely be considered the predecessor of Richardson and Fielding and the founder of that literary school that reached its highest flowering in England under Dickens and Thackeray.