Requirements for a cesspool in a garden plot. Cesspool: sanitary standards

Many people know what rules govern the construction of such a necessary structure as a cesspool on a private plot: sanitary norms and rules (SanPiN), as well as building norms and rules (SNiP) that determine what sewerage, water supply networks, water protection, etc. are. , and their requirements must be strictly followed. However, not everyone has information about these requirements. The most important of them are given in our article.

The placement of cesspools is fully regulated by SNIP and SanPiN standards

Using SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 and SNiP 30-02-97, you should first determine the most suitable location of the cesspool on the territory of your summer cottage:

The cesspool should be located no closer than 10 meters from the central water supply and no less than 20 meters from the drinking water well in order to avoid accidental contamination in the event of an emergency leak in the sanitary treatment facility.
The distance to the drainage pit from the fence bordering the area must be at least 1 meter.

The cesspool is positioned to provide maximum protection from contamination

Options for constructing a cesspool

There are two ways to install a sewer system in a small country cottage or garden plot:

use a regular cesspool;
create an engineered wastewater storage system.

Features of cesspools without a bottom

The simplest option provided for by SNiP is a cesspool without a bottom. Such structures are allowed to be used when the daily volume of wastewater discharged from the house is no more than 1 cubic meter. According to SanPiN, cesspools without a bottom must be equipped below the drinking water intake level in order to avoid contamination of the water in the well with sewage.

When constructing a cesspool, a number of different parameters must be taken into account. Thus, there are requirements for the relative location of such a pit and a drinking well, depending on the type and properties of the soil at the place where the drainage pit is located - SNiP imposes the following rules:

If the site is dominated by clay soil, the distance should be at least 20 m.
In the case of loamy soil - 30 m.
Sandy and sandy loam soils require the mutual location of the well and cesspool no closer than 50 m from each other.

The type of prevailing soil affects the distance of the well from the cesspool

In the case where more than 1 cubic meter of wastewater is generated daily in a household, you should abandon the option of a cesspool without a bottom and consider the possibility of constructing a cesspool made of concrete, brick or metal on the site. An excellent option would be to use a sealed plastic storage tank.

Features of sealed cesspools

Sealed cesspools have their own characteristics:

Design features. The bottom of the pit should have a significant slope towards the technological hatch intended for its cleaning.
Choosing a location. As we already know, the distance of the cesspool from the building and from the fence of the site is 10 meters and 1 meter, respectively.
Periodic cleaning. The sealed cesspool is cleaned by specialists using a sewer truck.

Pro tip: Do not build a hole deeper than 3 meters. Otherwise, its emptying will not be effective enough due to the limited length of the hose of the special machine, and all the sludge that forms over time at the bottom of the pit will remain at the bottom.

Ensuring free access of special vehicles to the tank for cleaning.
Possibility of methane formation during operation of the storage tank.

Pro tip: To prevent the accumulation of explosive gas in a sealed container, be sure to equip it with ventilation. Construction standards for a cesspool provide for the installation of a ventilation pipe with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of more than 60 cm above the ground surface.

The ventilation pipe is a mandatory element of the storage tank.

Communications and cesspools

It would not be amiss to give the basic parameters of the relative position of water pipes, gas pipes and a sealed waste storage facility on the site:

The distance from the storage pit to pipes made of asbestos cement or reinforced concrete is at least 5 m.
The distance to cast iron pipes with a diameter not exceeding 200 mm is at least 1.5 m.
To cast iron pipes with a diameter of more than 200 mm - 3 m.
The minimum distance to gas pipes is 5 m.

Gas pipes must be located at a certain distance from the waste storage facility

The basic requirements for communications located in the local area, as well as the requirements for cesspools, are prescribed in construction and sanitary standards and regulations. Therefore, in order to avoid possible accidents on water and gas pipelines, you should strictly comply with them by installing a wastewater storage facility on your site.

Real estate
Land law

At what distance can I build a drainage pit for a shower from a neighbor's fence? Many people write that the distance should be at least a meter; if so, what document should it be based on?

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Victoria Dymova

Support employee Pravoved.ru

Similar questions have already been addressed, try looking here:

At what distance from my neighbors’ fence can I dig a drainage hole?
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Today, March 27, 2018, we answered 731 questions. Average response time is 14 minutes.

Lawyers' answers (1)

Salmin Yuri
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Hello!

To help you, SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 and SNiP 30-02-97. So, according to these documents:

The storage pit for domestic wastewater in a private house should be located in the area immediately adjacent to it.

The cesspool should be located no closer than 10 meters from the central water pipeline and no less than 20 meters from the drinking water well in order to avoid accidental contamination in the event of an emergency leak in the sanitary treatment facility.
The distance of the cesspool from the house on the site and from houses and structures located on neighboring sites should also be at least 10-12 meters. A closer location of the cesspool to structures can lead to flooding and destruction of the foundation of a building or outbuildings in the event of an emergency.

The distance to the drainage pit from the fence bordering the area must be at least 1 meter. The depth of the pit is selected depending on the depth of groundwater, and should not exceed 3 meters.

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If you are planning to install a drainage pit, you need to know that this issue is carefully monitored by sanitary services and legislation.

The reason for this is the potential threat to the environment that this structure poses.

That is why, before starting installation work, you should obtain permission to carry it out.

Country house drainage pit

Getting permission

Permission to build a cesspool on the territory adjacent to the house is issued by the local SES.

In order to obtain the necessary document, you will need to draw up a diagram and design of the treatment facility and submit it to this service.

At the same time, the project must fully comply with current sanitary standards and SNiP. Only in this case can it be approved.

Location according to SNiP

After approval, an inspector may come to your private land plot to verify compliance with the project conditions.

If they are violated, in particular, the distance from the cesspool to the neighboring plot is not maintained, you will face a fine, the size of which will depend on the severity of the violation.

That is why it is still better to arrange the drainage pit according to the rules.

Location of the drainage pit from the house

The cost of obtaining a permit will be quite low. It will be approximately 200 rubles.

If you are interested in the question of what the fine is for a cesspool in the absence of permitting documentation for it, then it can vary between 100-500 rubles, reaching several thousand.

SNiP standards for design

The first regulatory document regulating the construction of a cesspool is SanPiN 42-128-4690-8.

You should also pay attention to the standards prescribed in SNiP 30-02-97.

They provide the following rules for arranging a drainage pit:

Standards SanPiN 42-128-4690-8

The wastewater storage tank must be located in the area immediately adjacent to a private house;
the distance from the cesspool to the water supply must be at least 10 meters. A shorter distance to the central water supply will not be approved by the SES. Also, the pit should not be located closer than 20 meters from the well or borehole. This distance between the well and the cesspool must be observed;
place a storage or treatment facility no closer than 10 meters to your residential building and residential buildings located in the neighboring territory. But the indicator here is not clear. If we talk about the standards for placing cesspools on the site, then in some of their editions it is noted that they can be placed at a distance of 5 meters from the house;
the distance from the system to the fence delimiting two plots of land should not be less than 2 meters;
The depth of the cesspool according to SNiP cannot exceed 3 meters. In this case, a distance of 1 meter should remain between the bottom and the groundwater level.

Standard distance SanPiN 42-128-4690-8

There are also additional points that must be observed during the construction and even operation of a cesspool:

Requirements for the drain pit

the structure must have a sealed cesspool and a ground part. The latter should be tightly closed with a lid;
it is prohibited to allow the pit to be filled higher than 35 cm from the upper edge of its underground part;
The cesspool must be cleaned as it fills. The maximum frequency of cleaning is once every six months;
Be sure to disinfect the cesspool.

Disinfector for cesspool

Additionally standards for the location of a cesspool on the site are stated in the following documents:

SNiP drainage pit design standards

It should be noted that in all of the listed regulations and sanitary standards, the requirements for cesspools are the same.

That is why you do not have to study large amounts of information in order to obtain the appropriate permission to implement the prepared project.

How to choose a location

The first stage in creating a project is determining the location of the drainage pit.

It should be located on the lowest part of the land plot, and also be located at a certain distance from the objects located here.

The rules for placing a cesspool on a site strictly determine the distance that must be observed.

Let's consider this issue in detail:

Rules for placing a cesspool on the site

the distance from the well to the cesspool should not be less than 20 meters. In this case, the pit should be located below the well along the slope of the site. If we talk about the distance from the well to the cesspool, then it will be exactly the same. This will protect drinking water from wastewater contamination. This condition must be observed;
The minimum distance from the house to the cesspool is 5 meters. But, in order to avoid problems with the SES, it is better to increase it to 10-15 meters;
the distance from the cesspool to the neighbors: to the fence it should not be less than 2 meters, to a residential building - less than 10-12 meters;
The drainage pit should be located at a distance of 3 meters from the highway. At the same time, easy access for a sewer truck should be provided to it, allowing for cleaning. ;
The drainage pit can be placed at a distance of 1-5 meters from outbuildings. It is better to take a larger distance as a basis in order to avoid destruction of the building due to increased soil moisture;
the distance to the garden or vegetable garden should be 20-30 meters. This will preserve the ecological purity of the soil and guarantee the safety of the crops and plants growing here.

Placement of a cesspool on the site

These will be the standards for a drainage pit in a private house.

It is not so difficult to follow them and it is necessary to do it.

This way you can avoid unnecessary problems, including those with legislation.

Fines for violations

For any violations of the construction or operation of a cesspool, the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for a fine.

However, its size will depend on the severity of the violation, as well as on the number of previously recorded cases of ignoring regulatory documents.

Diagram of daily waste volume

For example, the standards stipulate that a pit with a filter bottom can only be equipped if the daily volume of wastewater does not exceed 1 m3.

Otherwise, the owner of the land plot faces a fine.

Its size will be determined by the court, because it is in court that the issue of choosing a punishment will be decided.

But it should be understood that this is a serious violation of environmental standards, so the fine can reach several thousand rubles.

Well with filter bottom

If a complaint is received from neighbors and a single violation of the rules for operating a cesspool is discovered, then the owner will first be issued a warning with a strong recommendation to eliminate the problem.

If sanitary standards for the operation of a cesspool continue to be violated, there is a risk of receiving a fine. The maximum fine for a cesspool without a bottom is 500 rubles. (according to the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, Article 6.3. Violation of legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population).

At the same time, its size may increase, especially in cases where the owner of a private plot ignores warnings and penalties more than once.

It is necessary to monitor the condition of the cesspool

In addition to a fine, which can reach 500 rubles, the court may order the drain to be remodeled, moved, or completely eliminated.

This is relevant in cases where the distance of the cesspool from its neighbors according to SNiP is violated.

In view of this, it is better to initially carry out construction taking into account all norms and distances.

Cesspool location, diagram

Dear masters! Help resolve a conflict with a neighbor in a summer cottage.
After a fire in 1991, permission was received to restore the dacha, and a developer's passport was issued, which included a sewerage system. On the approved plan, a cesspool was indicated on the site, from which it was planned to pump out the contents using a special machine. In 2002, the house was rented without sewerage and a toilet on the street. Now it’s time to install a sewer system; 3 concrete rings with a diameter of 1.5 m were dug in to a depth of 2.5 m until water appeared. It was planned to concrete the bottom and, as I wrote above, if necessary, call a car and pump it out.
The sewerage system is used by 3 people on weekends from May to October, sometimes 2 more people come for a couple of weeks in the summer. Drains from the toilet, shower and kitchen. The work is being carried out by a friend with the help of 2 Tajiks, who have already done sewerage for many in the village.
The neighbor demands that the rings must be installed with pins and sealed together. He also believes that it was impossible to dig to the water, since everything would end up in his well, which is located 25 meters away. He threatens to break everything, beat up the builders, and persuades other neighbors. Although the representative of the village administration he called only said that “everything needs to be done as hermetically as possible.”
Please tell me the right decision, we are not going to harm ourselves either.

Any suburban construction must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of governing documents. The distance from the house to the cesspool is determined by sanitary standards and rules. Awareness of the basics of design and construction will help land owners avoid many troubles that may arise due to basic ignorance.

A cesspool is a structure without which the normal existence of people in the country is impossible. A summer toilet, as a rule, is the first building that appears on a plot of land at the beginning of construction. Only after the construction of this facility can further activities be continued.

The distance from the house to the cesspool is determined by sanitary standards and rules.

A cesspool is a depression in the ground designed to collect sewage (outdoor toilet) and collect wastewater.

There are the following equipment options for this structure:

A hole without a bottom. This is the simplest method of arranging a container for collecting waste. The advantage of this solution is the speed of construction of such facilities. A pit can be dug manually in 2-3 days, which avoids significant financial expenses associated with renting special equipment. The depth of the pit should not be more than 3 meters. The volume of wastewater cannot exceed 1 cubic meter per day. Depending on the type of soil, the distance from the pit to a well with drinking water is from 20 to 50 meters. This type of sewage collector should be located below the drinking water intake level. The bottom of the pit is equipped with a slope for the drainage of sewage during pumping by a sewage disposal machine.
Cesspool with hard walls. Objects of this type pollute the environment much less. Their service life is quite long. It is determined by the durability of the walls. The most common options are laying brickwork or installing reinforced concrete rings. Such settling tanks can be built at a distance of 15 meters or more from wells and residential buildings.
Sealed containers. Thanks to modern technologies, it has become possible to install plastic containers for collecting sewage. They have a fairly large volume and almost completely isolate the received wastewater from the environment thanks to hermetically sealed hatches. The distance to residential buildings and wells can be 10 m.
Septic tanks with several chambers in which sewage is treated into safe components. The last chamber is made without a bottom. It undergoes final filtration of wastewater through a filter made of sand and crushed stone. There are practically no sanitary restrictions. They can be installed at a distance of at least 5 m from residential buildings so as not to weaken the foundations of buildings.

Requirements for the arrangement of cesspools

Construction and sanitary rules clearly define the procedure for arranging cesspools.

If everything is done according to the law, then in the future there will be no problems with the operation of the facility and with the supervisory authorities.

The basic rules for equipping cesspools are as follows:

The sewage storage tank must be located on the territory that is the property of the owner of the residential building.
The cesspool can be located no closer than 20 meters from a drinking water well and 10 meters from the water supply line. This will prevent contamination if the sump tank is destroyed.
The cesspool should be located at least 10-12 m from houses located on neighboring plots. This will prevent flooding of these buildings with sewage in case of unforeseen situations.
There must be a distance of at least 1 meter from the external fence to the drain tank. It can be increased if there are residential buildings, greenhouses, cowsheds or chicken coops on the adjacent site adjacent to the fence.
The pit for drainage should not be dug deeper than 3 meters. Otherwise, the sewage disposal truck will not be able to pump them out. The tank hatch must open freely and completely so that the intake hose can enter it.
Since fecal waste emit gases that are harmful to health and explosive, underground containers for collecting them are equipped with ventilation. For this, a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm is used, which should rise 60-70 cm above the ground.
In order for a sewer truck to be able to drive up to a facility to pump out its contents, it is necessary to have a free entrance that can be used year-round, in any weather.
When 30 cm remains to the top of the pit, operation of the cesspool must be stopped and a special vehicle must be called.

You should pay attention to the presence of various communications next to the septic tank. The minimum distance to them should be as follows:

to gas and reinforced concrete pipes - 5 m;
up to cast iron pipes with a diameter of more than 200 mm - 3 m;
up to cast iron pipes with a diameter of more than 200 mm - 1.5 m.

Failure to comply with these distances can lead to conflict situations related to the violation of the tightness of sewage pits.

To connect plumbing fixtures to the water supply network, a flexible water supply is used. It is in demand when connecting faucets, showers, toilets and other water intake points, and significantly simplifies the installation process. Flexible connections are also used when installing gas equipment. It differs from similar water devices in its manufacturing technology and special safety requirements.

Characteristics and types

The flexible hose for connecting plumbing is a hose of different lengths made of non-toxic synthetic rubber. Thanks to the elasticity and softness of the material, it easily takes the desired position and allows installation in hard-to-reach places. To protect the flexible hose, there is an upper reinforcing layer in the form of a braid, which is made from the following materials:

Aluminum. Such models can withstand no more than +80 °C and retain functionality for 3 years. At high humidity, aluminum braiding is prone to rust.
Of stainless steel. Thanks to this reinforcing layer, the service life of the flexible water line is at least 10 years, and the maximum temperature of the transported medium is +95 °C.
Nylon. This braid is used for the manufacture of reinforced models that can withstand temperatures up to +110 °C and are designed for intensive use for 15 years.

The fasteners used are nut-nut and nut-fitting pairs, which are made of brass or stainless steel. Devices with different permissible temperatures differ in the color of the braid. Blue ones are used for connecting to a pipeline with cold water, and red ones for connecting to hot water.

When choosing a water line, you need to pay attention to its elasticity, reliability of fasteners and purpose. It is also mandatory to have a certificate that prevents the rubber from releasing toxic components during operation.

Features of gas connections

When connecting gas stoves, water heaters and other types of equipment, flexible hoses are also used. Unlike water models, they are yellow and are not tested for environmental safety. For fixation, end steel or aluminum reinforcement is used. There are the following types of devices for connecting gas appliances:

PVC hoses reinforced with polyester thread;
made of synthetic rubber with stainless steel braid;
bellows, made in the form of a corrugated stainless steel tube.

The Santekhkomplekt holding offers engineering equipment, fittings, plumbing fixtures and devices for connecting them to communications. The assortment is represented by products and materials from well-known foreign and domestic manufacturers. Discounts apply for bulk purchases, and product quality is confirmed by standard certificates. For information support and assistance, each client is assigned a personal manager. The ability to arrange delivery within Moscow and to other regions of the Russian Federation allows you to quickly receive the purchased goods without unnecessary hassle.

Drainage is a drainage and drainage measure to remove excess groundwater.

If water does not leave the site for a long time, the soil becomes gleyed, if shrubs and trees quickly disappear (get wet), you need to urgently take action and drain the site.

Causes of soil waterlogging

There are several reasons for soil waterlogging:

clay heavy soil structure with poor water permeability;
aquifer in the form of gray-green and red-brown clays is located close to the surface;
high groundwater table;
technogenic factors (construction of roads, pipelines, various objects) that interfere with natural drainage;
disruption of the water balance by the construction of irrigation systems;
The landscape area is located in a lowland, ravine, or hollow. In this case, precipitation and the influx of water from higher places play a big role.

What are the consequences of excess moisture in the soil?

You can see the results of this phenomenon yourself - trees and shrubs die. Why is this happening?

the oxygen content in the soil decreases and the carbon dioxide content increases, which leads to disruption of air exchange processes, water regime and nutritional regime in the soil;
oxygen starvation of the root-forming layer occurs, which leads to the death of plant roots;
the supply of macro and microelements by plants (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) is disrupted, because excess water washes out mobile forms of elements from the soil, and they become unavailable for absorption;
intensive breakdown of proteins occurs and, accordingly, the processes of decay are activated.

Plants can tell you at what level groundwater lies

Take a close look at the flora of your area. The species inhabiting it will tell you at what depth the groundwater layers are located:

perched water - it is best to dig a reservoir in this place;
at a depth of up to 0.5 m - marigold, horsetails, varieties of sedges grow - bladderwrack, holly, foxweed, Langsdorff's reed;
at a depth of 0.5 m to 1 m - meadowsweet, canary grass, ;
from 1 m to 1.5 m – favorable conditions for meadow fescue, bluegrass, mouse peas, rank;
from 1.5 m - wheatgrass, clover, wormwood, plantain.

What is important to know when planning site drainage

Each group of plants has its own moisture needs:

with a groundwater depth of 0.5 to 1 m, vegetables and annual flowers can grow in high beds;
depth of water layer up to 1.5 m is well tolerated by vegetables, grains, annuals and perennials (flowers), ornamental and fruit shrubs, trees on a dwarf rootstock;
if the groundwater is more than 2 m deep, fruit trees can be grown;
The optimal depth of groundwater for agriculture is from 3.5 m.

Is site drainage necessary?

Record your observations for at least some time. You yourself can understand how much drainage is needed.

Maybe it makes sense to simply redirect melt and sediment water along the bypass channel, rather than allowing it to flow through your site?

Perhaps it is necessary to design and equip a storm drain and improve the composition of the soil and this will be enough?

Or is it worth making a drainage system only for fruit and ornamental trees?

A specialist will give you the exact answer, and we strongly recommend calling him. But after reading this article, you will gain some awareness on this issue.

Upon completion of the technological and production tasks associated with the arrangement of a sewer system in an apartment building, industrial building, as well as in a private household, it is necessary to test the involved system using the forced flow method. This task is used to identify possible defects or improper installation of the entire involved sewerage part, and the test report for internal sewerage and drainage systems will be material evidence of the work on acceptance of the facility.

A visual inspection should be accompanied by inclusion in the test report of internal sewerage and drainage systems according to SNIP, which is currently represented by the current regulations of the “D” series appendix, which corresponds to SP 73.13330.2012 “Internal sanitary systems of a building”, recently a new one has been applied updated working edition according to SNiP 3.05.01-85.

The issue of wastewater disposal in private houses and country houses is often solved by constructing a cesspool. For some developers, this topic is a “dark forest”, although there are standards that clearly regulate the process of constructing cesspools and septic tanks, violating which is highly discouraged. As you probably already understood, the topic of our article is: a cesspool - sanitary standards and rules for its arrangement.

Let's start with a regulatory act, and this is Federal Law N 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” of 1999, which regulates sanitary standards that are mandatory for all citizens of the Russian Federation.

If we carefully read the text of the regulatory document, we will find out - the pit must be built with special filtration and it must not have a bottom in no case. Moreover, if the daily rate of wastewater is more than 1 cubic meter.

But there is a slight difference in that when building a cesspool for a house that will be heated and at least four people will live in it, the pit must be equipped with a special bottom.

Also, very often the question arises about what distance is needed from a residential building to a cesspool? Unfortunately, no one can give you a definite answer to such a question, since everyone will have their own dimensions.

The requirements for a cesspool are clear, but the minimum distance that should be is 15 meters from the house. And all this is necessary so that the toxic gases emitted by the waste do not harm others in any way, including the residents of the house itself. If you need the distance from the cesspool to the water pipes to be much closer, then you will need to negotiate with the Sanitary and Epidemiological Inspectorate, the water utility department, etc.

Rules for arranging a pit

But let’s still look at some mandatory standards that must be observed when building a cesspool with a working volume of up to 1 cubic meter of waste per day and signing an agreement with all authorities. Such pits are a classic example for country houses and dachas without water heating devices and household appliances. People's residence is not permanent.

According to sanitary standards, the installation of a septic tank is allowed at a distance of no closer than 5 meters from the summer kitchen or house. If the volume of wastewater is up to 8 cubic meters per day, the distance should be at least 8 meters.

The requirements look like this:

If the drainage is 3 cubic meters in one day, the pipes must be installed closer to groundwater, at a distance of 40-50 meters.
It is also very important to know that pipes must be installed upstream of groundwater
If there is an artesian well near your house, the distance should be at least 20 meters.

But still, some homeowners have a situation where it is practically impossible to make a cesspool at a great distance, what to do in such a situation?

In this case, experts advise installing wells or drainages for several houses at once. In this case, take into account the distance from the “red line” of 2.5-5 meters.

Requirements and standards SanPiN 42-128-4690-88

There are specially created Sanpin requirements for a cesspool.

So, if your house does not have a special sewage system, then you will be allowed to build a cesspool in your yard. But remember that it must be waterproof. There must also be a lid above the pit that will cover it, as well as a special grill. If required, you can share the pit with your neighbors.

If your home is close to a school, kindergarten, etc., then the distance should be at least 20 meters, but no more than 10 meters. If there are any questions about the cesspool, then here you will need to resolve this only with the help of special administrative advice. However, the general rule remains the same for everyone - the pit must be located at a distance of at least 50 meters from wells and springs.

The cesspool must be cleaned at least once every six months

To disinfect the cesspools of courtyard latrines, the following mixture is used:

10% bleach,
5% sodium hypochloride,
10% - naphthalizol,
5% - creolina,
10% - sodium metasilicate.

Additional requirements for arrangement

A prerequisite for constructing a cesspool is its tightness. Building materials must be dense, for example, such as boards, bricks or blocks. Also, the pit should not allow water or drains to pass through, so as not to pollute the environment.

The construction of an individual residential building in populated areas, including rural ones, is carried out in accordance with the current urban planning legislation, building codes and regulations, as well as sanitary and environmental legislation. The simplest and least expensive way to install a local sewage system is to build a conventional cesspool. The process of constructing a cesspool must fully meet the established requirements, otherwise the house will not be accepted for operation, and for violations of waste disposal standards they will be held accountable and fined. But these are not the main reasons. Sanitary standards for a cesspool are aimed at ensuring the health of people living in the area and maintaining environmental safety on the territory. It is very easy to become poisoned by harmful substances from the sewer that enter the drinking water supply.

An autonomous sewer system can be divided into three components:

intra-house sewer network;
external sewer network;
device for collection, processing and disposal of wastewater.

Each element has regulatory requirements.

Regulations

The in-house sewerage network is designed taking into account the requirements established by the Code of Rules SP 30.13330.2012 “Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings. Updated version of SNiP 2.04.01-85*.”

The external sewerage network and cesspool are designed taking into account the set of rules SP 32.13330.2012 “Sewerage. External networks and structures. Updated version of SNiP 2.04.03-85" and SP 31.13330.2012 "Water supply. External networks and structures. Updated edition of SNiP 2.04.02-84.” That is, the above-mentioned SNiPs are no longer valid from January 1, 2013.

The new set of rules prohibits the construction of a cesspool without a bottom. Also, the new building codes do not contain the concept of “cesspool”. To organize a local treatment system for a detached house, the concept of “septic tank” is used. The septic tank (pit) must be completely sealed and exclude the slightest possibility of sewage getting into the ground to prevent environmental pollution. The waste storage facility must ensure the safety of its operation. As the septic tank fills with waste, it must be pumped out using a sewer truck. At least twice a year, the septic tank should be completely cleaned and inspected for damage. The depth of installation should take into account the groundwater level, but not exceed 3 meters. In case of high groundwater, it should not enter the septic tank.

Device requirements

The bottom of the septic tank should have a slope towards the side under the hatch. The tightness of the cesspool must be ensured by sealing the internal and external surfaces and by a hermetically sealed lid.

It is more expedient to construct a septic tank from concrete rings on a concrete base. It should be closed on top with a lid with an inspection hatch, which also serves as a hatch for pumping out wastewater. All joints must be sealed and completely sealed.

When installing a storage tank, the incoming sewer pipe is mounted closer to the lid. When installed above the freezing level of the soil, the sewer pipes and septic tank are insulated. To prevent the appearance of unpleasant odors, ventilation pipes are installed. The ventilation riser is installed 70–80 cm above the ground surface.

Location

SNiP 2.07.01-89 “Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements" establishes a minimum distance from the foundation of a residential building to sewerage facilities, which must be at least 3 meters.

The minimum distance from the pit to water sources should be from 30 to 50 meters, depending on the type of soil.

SanPiN

When constructing cesspools, one must adhere to the sanitary standards that are established in paragraph 2.3 of SanPiN 42-128-4690-88. “Sanitary rules for the maintenance of populated areas.”

In the absence of centralized sewerage systems, yard garbage dumps with a waterproof cesspool and a ground cover are installed.
Sanitary standards also prohibit the use of pits without a bottom.
The cesspool must completely exclude the possibility of sewage entering the environment without cleaning.
When constructing a cesspool, the above-ground part must have a hermetically sealed hatch, as well as a grate below the inlet sewer pipe and a compartment for collecting solid waste that falls into the sewer (food waste, thick paper, cotton wool, etc.).
The distance from an individually built residential building to the storage tank is determined by the homeowner himself, but should not be less than 8–10 meters.
The distance to the drainage pit from the house according to sanitary standards exceeds the minimum distance according to building standards.
Sewage facilities must be located at a distance of at least 50 meters from water supply sources.
The storage tank should be located in a place convenient for access by a sewer truck, for which there should be no interference.
The cesspool must be disinfected with various solutions: bleach (10%), sodium hydrochloride (3–5%), Lysol (10%), creolin (5%). The use of dry bleach is strictly prohibited.

Sanitary standards have more stringent requirements for the placement and maintenance of waste storage tanks than building standards.

For the correct location of all objects on the site, it is necessary to draw a diagram of the site and the planned location of the house, water supply, and utility networks. In this case, the location of similar objects in neighboring areas should be taken into account. The design of the house and the placement of the cesspool must be agreed upon with the regulatory authorities.

Video

This video talks about sanitary standards for the installation of wells and septic tanks: