Subordinate clause with the word where. “Complex sentences with clauses of time

Topic: Complex sentences

Lesson: Complex sentences with clauses of place and time

Subordinate clauses indicate a place or space where an object is located or something happens, and answer the question where?, where?, from where?. Usually subordinate clauses come after the main part: “ Go where your free mind takes you..." (A. Pushkin.) The main part may contain indicative words there, there, from there - These are adverbs that act as adverbs of place in a sentence: “I went where all my classmates went.” A subordinate clause can also appear before the main clause. This technique is used to enhance the semantic meaning of the subordinate clause. Most often this is observed in proverbs, sayings and aphorisms: “Wherever you throw it, there’s a wedge everywhere.” (Proverb) Subordinate clauses are attached by allied words where, where, where. To determine the type of subordinate clause, you need to look at what it refers to and what question it answers. Compare: Everywhere(where everywhere?), where necessary, children's playgrounds were built. - Village ( what village?) There was a lovely corner where Evgeniy was bored.(A. Pushkin). In the first case we have a subordinate clause, and in the second case we have a subordinate clause.

Subordinate clauses time answer questions When? how long? since when? How long? etc. Subordinate clauses are attached to the main sentence by conjunctions when, while, only, as soon as, barely, while. Main clauses can have demonstrative words then, until then. If the main part contains an adverb with the meaning of time, including an indicative word Then, the subordinate clause is added to the main conjunction word When: « We met when I was preparing for admission.”

The actions mentioned in the main and subordinate clauses can occur simultaneously or sequentially. When actions occur simultaneously, conjunctions are used when, while, as long as, how, while. In the sequence of actions, simple conjunctions are used when, barely, as soon as, only, slightly, etc. These are stylistically neutral unions. Unions for now and a little have a conversational tone. All compound conjunctions ( while, before, before etc . ) have a connotation of bookishness. Unions for now, as soon as before, before outdated. Union How may in some cases give speech an archaic connotation, in others - a colloquial one.

Homework

Questions

1. How to distinguish a subordinate clause from a subordinate clause?

2. How are subordinate clauses attached to the main sentence?

3. How are subordinate tenses attached to the main sentence?

4. From which sentences should subordinate clauses be distinguished?

Exercise 1. Determine the type of subordinate clauses.

(1) What did you read this week while we weren't seeing each other? (A. Chekhov.) (2) The village where Evgeny was bored was a charming corner. (A. Pushkin.) (3) Sit down where you can. (D. Rosenthal). (4) I don't know where I can buy a new textbook. (5) She smiled and bowed, and they all loved it when she smiled at them. (F. Dostoevsky.) (6) In the evening of the same day, when the barracks had already been locked, Raskolnikov lay on his bunk and thought about her. (F. Dostoevsky.) (7) There is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth. (L. Tolstoy.)

Exercise 2. Determine how the subordinate clause is attached to the main clause.

(1) Where once everything was empty, bare, now the young grove has grown. (A. Pushkin.) (2) While other children were playing football, he played the violin for hours. (3) He laughed and went wherever he wanted. (M. Gorky). (4) When we met him, he was five years old. (5) We entered the classroom when the bell rang. (6) He lived at a time when there was no television.

Exercise 3. Write down the numbers of sentences from Exercise 2, in which subordinate clauses are attached to the main clause using allied words. Make a conclusion about the type of subordinate clauses.

1. Efremova T. F. New dictionary Russian language. Explanatory and word-formative. - M.: Russian language, 2000 ().

2. Reference and information Internet portal “Russian Language” ().

Internet resources used

1. Preparation for the Russian Language Olympiad ().

Literature

Russian language: Textbook for 9th grade. general educational institutions / S.G. Barkhudarov, S.E. Kryuchkov, L.Yu. Maksimov, L.A. Czech. M.: Education, 2011.

Russian language. 9th grade: textbook. for educational institutions /M.M. Razumovskaya, S.I. Lvova, V.I. Kapinos, V.V. Lviv; edited by MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta, - M.: Bustard, 2011.

Rosenthal D.E. Handbook of spelling and literary editing M.: 2012

Unified State Exam in the RUSSIAN LANGUAGE Demo version control measurement materials of the 2013 unified state exam in the Russian language, prepared by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF PEDAGOGICAL MEASUREMENTS".

Demonstration version of control measuring materials for conducting state (final) certification (in a new form) in the RUSSIAN LANGUAGE in 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 of students who have mastered the basic general education programs of the main general education, prepared by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF PEDAGOGICAL MEASUREMENTS”.

In Russian, sentences are divided into simple and complex. Their difference is that simple ones have one grammatical basis, while complex ones can have two or more. In syntactic constructions consisting of several parts, one of three types of connection can be used: coordinating, non-union or subordinating. Complex sentences with (grade 9) are the most extensive topic due to the number of meanings of the dependent part from the main part.

The concept of a complex sentence

A syntactic construction in which one part is dependent on another is called complex. It always has a main part (from which the question is posed) and a subordinate part. The sentences that make up such a structure are combined, or for example:

The boy realized (what?) that his deception had been discovered(the main part - the boy understood, to which the subordinate clause is attached using the subordinating conjunction “what”).
Rather than being second in Rome, it is better to be first in the province(under what condition?) (the main sentence - it is better to be the first in the province - is connected with the dependent conjunction “than”).
A wind blew from the north (what kind?), which forced everyone to button up their jackets(the main sentence - the wind blew from the north - is connected with the subordinate conjunctive word “which”).

Depending on how the parts of a complex sentence are connected, they are divided into 4 types:

with using conjunctions so that, what, how, whether (I heard the gate creaking);
with attributive clauses, attached by allied words which, which, whose, what, where and others ( I bought the car I've been dreaming about for a long time);
with an connecting clause using allied words why, why, why and what (In the evenings, the mother bathed her son, after which she always read him a fairy tale.);

We climbed observation deck, from where the city was most visible

The last type of syntactic constructions are divided into types according to their meaning.

Types of adverbial clauses

In complex sentences, the dependent part, which answers questions specific to the circumstances, is called that. Below are the circumstances. The table briefly summarizes all their types:

time	as soon as the curtain rose, the orchestra began to play (when?)
places	they came home, where a hot dinner and warming grog were already waiting for them (where?)
causes	the children laughed (for what reason?) because the dog stood on its hind legs and wagged its stubby tail
conditions	If you happen to be nearby, please stop by and see us (under what conditions?)
goals	I went to the store (for what purpose?) to buy bread for dinner
concessions	he remained silent (in spite of what?), despite the fact that the offense against his friend was strong
comparisons	something rumbled outside the window (like what?), like a distant thunderstorm
course of action	we did everything as (in what way?) as indicated in the note
measures and degrees	the girl was so shy (to what extent?) that she would never speak to a stranger first
consequences	Yegor grew up over the summer, so that he now took second place in the ranks (as a result of what?)

Complex sentences with adverbial clauses are connected by conjunctions and allied words, depending on the meaning they define.

Subordinate clauses and degrees of action

This type of complex sentence in its dependent part provides an explanation of how the action was performed or indicates the degree of quality of the attribute of the object being discussed in the main part.

In such syntactic constructions, questions are posed to the subordinating sentence: “in what way?”, “how?”, “how much?”, “to what extent?” and others. The dependent part corresponds to:

A complex sentence with a subordinate adverbial manner of action is always constructed in such a way that the main part comes before the dependent part. If you swap them, a different meaning is formed. For example:

The snow was so bright (to what extent?) that my eyes began to water after a few minutes of being outside.
My eyes started to water after a few minutes of being outside (for what reason?) because the snow was so bright.

Clause of time

When the dependent part in indicates when the event took place, then this is a complex sentence with an adverbial clause. Moreover, the dependent part does not refer to a separate concept, but to the entire main one, and gives answers to the questions “when?”, “how long?”, “until when?”, “since when?”

They are connected using temporary conjunctions “when”, “as soon as”, “barely”, “until”, “until”, “since” and others. In this case, the main sentence may contain words that have the meaning of time, for example “then”, “after that”, “until”, etc. For example, complex sentences with subordinate adverbial clauses from the literature:

On the day (when exactly?) when I made this decision, someone hit me on the shoulder in the Criterion bar (A. Conan Doyle).
Now sit here for a while (how long?) while I run off to have a bite to eat (J. Simenon).

In such syntactic constructions, complex conjunctions can be used, which are divided into two parts by a comma. Moreover, one of them is in the main sentence as an indicative word, and the second is in the subordinate clause in the form of a conjunction ( It's been 30 years since he left his hometown).

In the event that there is no index word, the dependent part can be located either before or after the main part, but in two cases it is fixed:

If complex sentences with subordinate adverbial clauses use the conjunctions “how”, “how suddenly”, then they are located after the main one ( Lunch was already coming to an end when suddenly another guest arrived.).
If double conjunctions are used, such as “when... then”, “only only... how”, “when... That". In this case, the subordinate clause is placed before the main part, and the second fragment of the double conjunction can be omitted ( When the first snow falls, the flock will move south).

In other cases, the place of the subordinate clause can change without affecting the meaning of the sentence.

Subordinate clauses

A complex sentence with an adverbial clause (examples below) can indicate the place of action or its direction. It answers the questions “where?”, “where to?”, “from where?” and refers to a specific word in the main part, which can be expressed by an adverb (there, there, from there, everywhere, everywhere and others).

There was water everywhere (where exactly?) wherever you looked.
I come from where (where?) where poverty has never been known.

The complex sentence is connected to the adverbial clause by the conjunctive words “where?”, “where?”, “from where?” The dependent part in such syntactic constructions comes after the word being defined.

Subordinate clause

Complex sentences with subordinate adverbial conditions answer the questions “under what condition?”, “in what case?” Such syntactic constructions indicate the conditions under which the actions named in the main part are performed. In them, the dependent clause can refer both to the main part and to a separate predicate, and is joined using the conjunctions “if”, “how” (in the definition “if”), “if”, “kol” and “when” (in role "if").

A complex sentence with a subordinate adverbial clause (the examples below confirm this) conditions can be found both before and after the main one:

If that’s what you want, so be it (on what condition?).
You can get a chance to win the lottery (in which case?) if you buy tickets regularly.
If you buy tickets regularly, you can win the lottery (the content of the offer has not changed due to the rearrangement).

Often such syntactic constructions use conjunctions consisting of two parts: “if...then”, “if.... so", "if... Then" ( If it rains tomorrow, we won't go mushroom picking.).

Clause of purpose

Goals indicate the purpose for which the action specified in its main part is performed. They give answers to the questions “why?”, “for what purpose?”, “for what?”

Parts of such a syntactic structure are joined by conjunctions “so that”, “in order to”, “so that”, “if only”, “then” and others, for example:

To get there faster, he quickened his steps (for what purpose?).
To be useful people, you need to work a lot on yourself (for what?).
I said this in order (why?) to annoy my father.

Complex conjunctions can be separated by using a comma between them. One part remains in the main clause, and the conjunction “so that” remains in the dependent clause.

Subordinate reasons

Complex sentences with subordinate adverbial reasons indicate the basis of what is said in the main part. The dependent clause completely relates to the main clause and answers the questions “for what reason?”, “why?”, “why?” and is joined by conjunctions “because”, “good”, “since”, “for”, “because” and others, for example:

Thanks to the fact that we united, our opponents could not defeat us (for what reason?).
She was sad (why?) because autumn brought rain and cold.
We decided to take a break (why?) because we had been walking for six hours straight.

The subordinate clause in such syntactic constructions usually comes after the main clause.

Subordinate clause

In complex sentences with similar subordinate clauses, the conclusion drawn from the content of the main part is indicated. It answers the question “what happened because of this?” The dependent fragment is attached to the main one with the conjunction “so that” and always comes after it, for example:

The heat intensified (what happened because of this?), so we had to look for shelter.
The girl began to cry (what happened because of this?), so I had to give in to her request.

This type of construction should not be confused with subordinate clauses of degree and measure, in which the adverb “so” and the conjunction “that” are used ( Over the summer he got so tanned that his hair looked white).

Clause of concession

Complex sentences with these subordinate clauses provide explanations for events that occurred contrary to what was discussed in the main part.

They answer the questions “despite what?”, “despite what?” and join the main part:

conjunctions “although”, “even though... but”, “despite the fact that”, “let”, “let” ( There were big puddles on the street, although it rained yesterday);
allied words with the particle “neither” - “no matter how”, “no matter how much” “no matter what” ( No matter how much my grandfather made a rocking chair, it turned out lopsided).

Thus, concession clauses indicate why the action did not work.

Subordinate clause of time

A subordinate clause that indicates an action or manifestation of a characteristic that is correlated in time with the action or manifestation of a characteristic referred to in the main sentence. Subordinate clauses answer the questions when? how long? since when? How long? for how long? and relate to the predicate of the main sentence or to the circumstance of time, clarifying it. When the owner came out and took the light with him, darkness came again(Chekhov). Every time I arrived, Olesya greeted me with her pleasant, discreet dignity.(Kuprin).

Temporary relationships can be complicated by conditional investigative, explanatory, etc. I don’t find it funny when a painter worthless to me stains Raphael’s Madonna (Pushkin) ( Wed; ...if a painter is unfit for me, he stains Raphael's Madonna; ...that a worthless painter is dirtying Raphael’s Madonna for me).

Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .

See what a “subordinate clause of time” is in other dictionaries:

A subordinate clause is the dependent part of the main clause in a complex sentence. Example: Petya ran away from class so as not to miss the concert. By analogy with the minor members of the sentence (definitions, additions and ... ... Wikipedia

A subordinate clause as part of a complex sentence, in which the contents of the main and subordinate parts are compared in some respect (in terms of coexistence in time, from a quantitative or qualitative point of view... ...

A syntactically dependent predicative part of a complex sentence containing a subordinating conjunction or a conjunctive word. Vladimir saw with horror that he had driven into an unfamiliar forest (Pushkin). Describe the feeling I had at that time... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

A sentence whose parts are connected by subordinating conjunctions or allied words. It’s not a waste of effort if it produces such results (N. Ostrovsky). The battle is won by the one who firmly decided to win it (L. Tolstoy). Subordinating connection... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

- (NGN) is a type complex sentence, which is characterized by division into two main parts: main and subordinate. The subordinating relationship in such a sentence is determined by the dependence of one part on the other, that is, the main part presupposes... ... Wikipedia

WHEN, 1. Asks. adverb. What time? When will you come? When did she die? || In a rhetorical question that assumes the answer never. When did a dog run from a hare? 2. relates. adv. Which one, which one, which one, which one (depending on... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Self-name: yəw láà:l Countries: Chad ... Wikipedia

- (gram.). By the name S. (σύνδεσμος), Greek grammarians understood the part of speech that maintains the connection and order of speech and fills empty spaces in it. Thus, this term among the Greeks covered everything that we mean by the general term... ... encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron

Errors in complex sentences

Errors in complex sentences- 1. The variety of complex sentences manifests itself in different forms: a) as homogeneous constructions, a subordinate clause and a member of a simple sentence are used, for example: “On ... ... A reference book on spelling and style

Books

Presente de Indicativo, Presente de Subjuntivo in Spanish. Usage, construction, signal words, rules and exercises, Tatiana Oliva Morales. In this textbook the tenses Presente de Indicativo, Presente de Subjuntivo are examined in detail; their use, construction, signal words, irregular and deviant verbs;...

1. Questions: clauses answer questions When? how long? since when? How long?

2. Communications: subordinate clauses are attached to the main clause unions: when, while, while, before, as soon as, as, suddenly, barely, while, since, as long as, as and etc.

Compound conjunctions since, as long as, while, as, before and others can fully perform the function of the union. However, depending on the meaning and logical stress a compound conjunction can be divided into two parts (the subordinate clause in this case stands after the main one, in the middle of the main one). The first part is part of the main sentence and is an indicative word - an adverbial tense: at that time, insofar as, since then, until then, before and etc.; the second part of the compound conjunction (as) remains in the subordinate clause and independently performs the function of a subordinating conjunction. In this case, the comma is placed once - in the middle of the compound conjunction.

For general rules for dividing a compound conjunction into an indicative word and a simple subordinating conjunction, see paragraph 2.4 Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with one subordinate clause.

[When?] After four hours of vigil at Stepan’s bedside had passed, Ivan Ivanovich lost his soul(Kopyaeva).

(after- union), .

And even after that[When?], as the poems were published, he returned to them again and again(Chukovsky).

[decree. words, ( How- union),].

3. Place in a sentence: subordinate clauses can appear after the main clause, before the main clause, or in the middle of the main clause.

[When?] When I was younger I couldn't write a single chapter(Fadeev).

(When- union), .

, (Bye- union).

Note!

When in a subordinate tense it is a conjunction, and not a conjunction word, as in a attributive clause or in an explanatory clause.

Wed: [When?] When the impatient ones calmed down, I sat down more comfortably(Telpugov) - subordinate tense; When- union; The moment has come[Which?], When we have to say goodbye- subordinate clause; When- a union word.

2.2. Subordinate clauses that refer to one word in the main clause

2.3. Subordinate clauses that refer to the entire main clause

A complex sentence is understood as a very large number of diverse sentences, which may differ from each other in structure, number of grammatical bases, meaning, etc. Sometimes something that is not even one is mistaken for a complex sentence. In this article, we will look at the types of subordinate clauses in NGN and learn how to distinguish them from each other.

What is a complex sentence?

A complex sentence (CSS) is a type of complex sentence that consists of a main and dependent (subordinate) part, connected by a subordinating conjunction or a conjunctive word.

You need to take an umbrella with you(main part) , because(subordinating conjunction) it might start to rain(dependent part) .

Depending on the meaning that the dependent part carries in relation to the main part, and on what word in the main part the dependent part refers to, several types of subordinate clauses:

definitive,
explanatory,
circumstances,
connecting.

Subordinate clause

depends on the noun located in the main part of the dictionary;
located in a sentence after or inside the main part, but always after the noun on which it depends;
answers the questions of definition “which?”, “which?”, “which?”, “whose?” (hence the name – “attributive clause”);
is attached to the main part by the conjunctive words “what”, “who”, “from where”, “where”, “when”, “where”, which can be replaced by the conjunctive word “which”;
in the main part there may be demonstrative words “that”, “such”, “this”, etc.

Victor Petrovich(Which?) , who took the exam for the fifth hour in a row, I felt an approaching migraine while filling out another grade book.

Lida was given just such a bike for her birthday.(Which?) what she dreamed of.

It's hard for me to remember that moment in my life(Which?) when my friends and I began to meet less and less often.

Important! Subordinate clauses are added only with the help of allied words. If there is a conjunction in the sentence, then this is another type of subordinate clause.

Suddenly a crazy thought came to mind(which one? about what?) as if everything was planned in advance and nothing can be changed now.

From the noun “thought” you can ask the question “what?” or “about what,” and it may seem that this is a attributive clause. But it is precisely the presence of the conjunction “as if” that indicates that this explanatory clause.

Explanatory clause

refers to a verb, noun, adverb or adjective found in the main clause;
located in a sentence after or in the middle of the main part;
answers questions in the indirect cases “whom?”, “what?”, “to whom?”, “what?”, “by whom?”, “what?”, “about whom?”, “about what?” etc.;
is joined to the main part by conjunctions, “as if”, “so that”, “as if” and allied words “where”, “where”, “whose”, “who”, “what”, “which”, “why”, “which” ", "from where", "why", "why", etc.

A dog devoted to its owner always senses from afar(what? – V.P.) that the owner is approaching the house.

Little children are confident(in what? - P.P.) , what in New Year Santa Claus brings them gifts under the tree.

I think I can guess(about what? - P.P.) where did this rumor come from.

As the name implies, such subordinate clauses are similar to adverbs: they answer the same questions, mean the same thing as adverbs, and come in the same types as adverbs.

Clause of time

indicates the time at which the action takes place in the main part;
answers the questions “when?”, “how long?”, “since when?”, “until when?”;
are joined to the main part with the conjunctions “when”, “while”, “as soon”, “barely”, “before”, “until”, “before”, “as”, etc. .

By the time Sofia came home from school, Mom has already prepared lunch(what time?) .

The sun will come out(When?) when the rain stops.

I will try new charlotte recipes(How long?) until I find the best one.

Subordinate clause

denotes the location of an event occurring at the end of the main part
can be located in any part of the sentence;
in the main part, as a rule, there are demonstrative words “there”, “from there”, “there”, “everywhere”, “everywhere”, etc.;
answers the question “where?”, “where to?”, “from where?”;
connects to the main part with the allied words “where”, “where”, “from”.

The scout returned from there(where?) , from where no one has ever returned.

The cat goes to sleep there(Where?) where is it warmest.

Where am I going(Where?) , there you go too.

Subordinate reasons

contains an explanation of why certain actions occur in the main part;
can be located in any part of the sentence;
answers the questions “why?”, “because of what?”, “why?”, “for what reason?”;
connected to the main part by conjunctions, “for”, “from the fact that”, “since”, etc.

(whereby?) Thanks to the fact that Oksana spent the whole night preparing for the physics exam, she passed it with flying colors.

The children need to get up early tomorrow, so I need to go to bed early today(why? for what reason?).

Subordinate clause

contains the meaning of the outcome, consequence, result, which follow from the content of the main part;
is always located in a sentence after the main part;
answers the question “due to what?”, and from the main part you can ask the questions “what follows from this?”, “what happened as a result of this?”;
joins the main part with the conjunction “so that”.

By winter it gets dark early in the evenings(what follows from this?) , so evening walks will have to be canceled (due to what?) .

Important! The proposal does not apply to an IPP with a corollary clause if:

a) the main part contains the adverb “so”, and the subordinate part contains the conjunction “that” (this is a subordinate clause of action and degree);

The sun was so hot today(How?) that within ten minutes on the street you could get sunstroke.

b) there is a coordinating or non-union connection between the parts, and the second part contains the adverbs “because”, .

Today Misha received a D in math , and therefore he was in no hurry to go home. – SSP

Our cat recently gave birth to kittens , so he rarely comes out of his hiding place . – BSP

Subordinate clause

contains a condition under which it is possible to perform the actions discussed in the main part;
can be located in any part of the sentence;
answers the question “under what conditions?”;
is connected to the main part by conjunctions, “when” (meaning “if”), “provided if”, “if”, “if”, “if... then”, “once... so”, “as... so”, etc. .d.

If Sveta finishes the school year without C grades, her parents will buy her roller skates(under what condition?) .

Come visit us and we’ll give you food and drink when we're home (under what condition?) .

Since I made a promise, so hold it no matter what.

Clause of purpose

contains the purpose of what is being discussed in the main clause;
can occupy any place in a sentence;
answers the questions “why?”, “for what?”, “for what purpose?”;
connects to the main part with the conjunctions “so that”, “if only”, “so that”, etc.

To live well you have to work hard(for what purpose?) .

In order to fly on vacation with children to Asian countries, You need to prepare a first aid kit and sunscreen in advance(For what?) .

Tourists must be able to use a compass then(For what?) to find a way out of any thicket to civilization.

Clause of concession

contains conditions and actions, despite the fulfillment of which events in the main part still occur;
answers the questions “despite what?”;
is connected to the main part by conjunctions, “even though”, “despite the fact that”, “let”, “let”, “for nothing”, as well as the allied words “how”, “how much”, “what (would)”, “ where”, “whither”, “who”, etc. (necessarily with a negative particle “ni”).

Peter followed in the footsteps of his father and became the city prosecutor(in spite of what?) , although during his studies at the institute he showed no interest in this profession.

Even though the weather is good outside, children refused to go for a walk(despite what?) .

No matter how I rushed to the station, the train left without me anyway(despite what?) .

Comparison clause

contains a comparison with the main part;
can occupy any place in a sentence;
answers the questions “how?”, “like what?”, “like what?”, “like who?”, “than who?”, “than what?”;
the main part may contain the demonstrative word “so”;
joins the main part with the help of conjunctions, “as if”, “than”, “exactly”, “just as”, “as if”, “no matter what”, etc.;

The dog started jumping up and down when he saw the bone.(How?) like I haven't eaten for a week.

My daughter handled the test skillfully as if she had kneaded it many times already.

allocated to a special group subordinate comparisons, which contain a comparison of two parts, and a characteristic feature of such sentences is the presence of the conjunction “than..., that”.

Another separate group is NGN, which in the main part has:

a) adjective or adverb in comparative degree,

b) pronouns “other”, “other”,

c) pronominal adverb “otherwise”,

and the subordinate clause is added by the conjunctions “than” and “than”.

There was more homeworkthan I had hoped.

I'd rather(comparative adjective) I went hiking in Karelia for two weeks rather than go to Turkey.

And you are completely different from what I thought about you.

Important! A comparative clause may not contain a predicate if it coincides with the predicate in the main part. Such a subordinate clause should not be confused with a comparative phrase. They can be distinguished from each other by the following feature: a comparative clause contains a predicate or words dependent on it, a comparative clause does not have such words.

The girl danced gracefully and subtly, like a real ballerina (dancing)(Where?) on the stage.
Here we see a comparative clause with the omitted predicate “dancing”. “On stage” is a predicate-dependent adverbial circumstance ( dancing(Where?) on the stage).

The girl danced gracefully and subtly, like a real ballerina.
If you remove the predicate-dependent member of the sentence, then the comparative clause turns into a comparative phrase.

speaks of the image, method of action, as well as the measure and degree discussed in the main sentence;
in a sentence it is located after the main part;
answers the questions “how?”, “in what way?”, “to what extent?”, “to what extent?”, “how?”, “how much?”, “how much?”, “to what extent?”;
connects to the main part with the conjunctions “what”, “so that”, as well as the allied words “how”, “how much”, “how much”;
in the main part there are necessarily demonstrative words “such”, “so much”, “so much”, “so”, “to such an extent”, “to that”, which form pairs with conjunctions “so much... that”, “so..., that”, “before... that”, etc.

He looked at her like this(How?) the way only lovers look.

Seeing the mountain of balloons and the three-story cake, the birthday girl was so happy(how much?) who started jumping joyfully and clapping her hands.

Dad is so tired from work(how? how much?) that he even turned off his phone over the weekend.

as a rule, refers to the entire main part, contains some additional message or evaluation;
in a sentence it comes after the main part;
the main part is complete in form and does not contain any indication that it is followed by a subordinate clause
answers the questions “what is the conclusion from this?”, “what is the assessment of this?”, “what can be said about this?”;
is joined by the conjunction words “what”, “where”, “from where”, “where”, “when”, “how”, “why”, “why”, “why”, “why”, “as a result of which”, etc. d.

He spent half his life traveling , which could not but leave an imprint on his personality.

Bears are great at fishing , for which they go out into the middle of small mountain rivers and catch fish on the fly.

My father built a house in the country with my own hands, which required great care and skill.

Table “types of subordinate clauses”

	Location	Questions	Conjunctions / allied words	Demonstrative words
Subordinate clause	after or inside the main clause, but after the noun on which it depends	"Which?" , "which?" , "which?" , "whose?"	“what”, “who”, “from where”, “where”, "when where" ---- Can be replaced with "which"	“that”, “such”, “this” and etc.
Explanatory clause	after or inside the main part	"whom?" , "what?" , "to whom?" , “what?” , "by whom?" , "how?" , “about whom?” , "about what?" etc.	“how” , “as if” , “so that” , “what” , “as if” , “where” , “where” , “whose” , “who” , “what” , “which” , “why” , “which” ", "from where", "why", "why"
Adverbial clause
Clause of time	in any part	"When?" , "how long?" , "since when?" , "How long?"	“when” , “until” , “as soon as” , “barely” , “before” , “until” , “while” , “before” , “as”
Subordinate clause	in any part	"Where?" , "Where?" , "where?"	“where”, “where”, “from”	“there”, “from there”, “there”, “everywhere”, “everywhere”, etc.
Subordinate reasons	in any part	"from what?" , "because of which?" , "Why?" , "for what reason?"	“since”, “because”, “for”, “because”, “since”, “due to the fact that”, “due to the fact that”, “due to the fact that”, etc.
Subordinate clause	after the main part	"due to what?"	"So"
Subordinate clause	in any part	"under what condition?"	“if”, “when” (meaning “if”), “provided if”, “if”, “if”, “if... then”, “once... so”, “as... so”, etc. .
Clause of purpose	in any part	"For what?" , "For what?" , "for what purpose?"	“in order to”, “in order to”, “just to”, “so that”, “so that”, etc.
Clause of concession	in any part	“in spite of what?” , "despite what?"	“despite the fact that”, “even though”, “although”, “despite the fact that”, “let”, “let”, “for nothing”, “how”, “how much”, “what (would)”, “where”, “where”, “who”, etc. (necessarily with a negative particle “ni”).
Comparison clause	in any part	"How?" , “like what?” , "like what?" , "like who?" , “than who?” , “what what?”	“(as) if”, “as if”, “as if”, “than”, “exactly”, “just as”, “as if”, “no matter what”, etc.	"So"
Clause of manner and degree	after the main part	"How?" , "how?" , “to what extent?” , "in what degree?" , "How?" , "How many?" , “how much?” , “to what extent?”	“what”, “so that”, “how”, “how much”, “how much”	“such”, “so much”, “so much”, “so”, “to such an extent”, “before that”
Subordinate clause	after the main part	“what is the conclusion from this?” , "what's the score on this?" , “What can we say about this?”	“what”, “where”, “from where”, “where”, “when”, “how”, “why”, “why”, “why”, “why”, “as a result of which”, etc.