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1. In what branch of linguistics is the sentence studied? 2. What groups are all proposals divided into? 3. What is the difference between a simple sentence and a complex one? 4. What types of complex sentences? 5. What is the difference between union proposals and non-union proposals? 6. What are the means of communication between the parts of the sentence? Let's remember the theory

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Sentences Simple Complex Unconjunct Allied Compound Compound Compound Parts are connected by intonation and coordinating conjunctions Parts are connected by intonation and subordinating conjunctions or allied words

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Determine the type of sentence 1. Arkady Nikolaevich loved his Christmas tree to look great. (A.I. Kuprin) 2. The candles were taken out, the room was again illuminated by one lamp. (A.S. Pushkin) 3. Our friends were met in the hallway by two tall footmen in livery; one of them immediately ran after the butler. (I.S. Turgenev) 4. It was quiet, cool in the garden, and dark, calm shadows lay on the ground. (A.P. Chekhov) 5. The prince, without losing his presence of mind, took a traveling pistol from his side pocket and shot at the masked robber. (A.S. Pushkin)

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Complex sentence Arkady Nikolaevich loved his Christmas tree to turn out great. (A.I. Kuprin) to (...). ?

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1. A complex sentence, the parts of which are connected by intonation and subordinating conjunctions or allied words. 2. Complex sentences have a main and subordinate parts. Complex sentences

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Difference between conjunctions and allied words Subordinating conjunctions Conjunctive words simple compound AS WELL AS SO WHEN AS WHILE IF AS WHAT and others SO AS SO THAT AS AS IF BECAUSE BECAUSE THAT JUST SINCE AS IN CONNECTION WITH THE WHAT and others WHICH FROM WHERE WHAT WHEN WHERE WHO WHAT HOW WHERE and others

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1. Who can know what awaits me? (A.S. Pushkin) 2. In the morning I must be sure that I will see you in the afternoon. (A.S. Pushkin) Compare

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1) The conjunction can be omitted and the meaning of the sentence will remain the same. We saw that our efforts were not in vain. We saw that our efforts were not in vain. 2) The union can be replaced by another union. While we were talking, the bus left. While we were talking, the bus left. 3) The allied word can be replaced with another allied word. He did not hear the words that his friends said to him. He did not hear the words that his friends said to him. 4) The conjunction word can be replaced with words from the main part of the sentence. We went to see the monument that was erected for the city day. We went to see the monument: this monument was erected for the city day.

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1. The IPP has two parts, one of which is the main part, and the other is the subordinate part. 2. Parts of the IPP are connected using subordinating conjunctions and allied words. 3. Conjunctions and allied words are in the subordinate part of the IPP. conclusions

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Now I see in front of me a long figure in a cotton robe and a red cap, (1) from under which sparse gray hair can be seen. He sits next to a table, (2) on which there is a circle with a hairdresser, (3) casting a shadow on his face; in one hand he holds a book, (4) the other rests on the arm of the chair; next to him lie a watch with a gamekeeper painted on the dial, (5) a checkered handkerchief, (6) a black round snuff box, (7) a green case for glasses, (8) tongs on a tray. All this is so decorous, (9) lies neatly in its place, (10) that from this order alone one can conclude, (11) that Karl Ivanovich has a clear conscience and a calm soul. (L.N. Tolstoy “Childhood”) In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence.

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In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence. She was wearing a white dress with a pink belt and white kid gloves, (12) which did not reach her thin, (13) sharp elbows, (14) and white satin shoes. The Mazurka was taken from me: the disgusting engineer Anisimov - I still can’t forgive him for this - invited her, (15) she just came in, (16) and I stopped by the hairdresser and for gloves and was late. I danced the Mazurka not with her, (17) but with one German girl, (18) whom I had courted a little before. (L.N. Tolstoy “After the Ball”)

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Complex sentences are complex sentences, parts of which are connected by subordinating conjunctions or relative words and subordinating connection. In complex sentences, one simple clause (subordinate clause) depends on another (main clause). From the main clause to the subordinate clause you can ask a question. For example, He said (what did he say?) that He would come late. What it is?

IN complex sentence simple sentences are connected by subordinating conjunctions or allied words. Subordinating conjunctions (that, so that, as, as if, when, where, etc.) Conjunctive words (relative pronouns and adverbs which, whose, who, where, why, etc.) Structure

Means of communication are used only as allied words only as conjunctions or as conjunctions, or as allied words Who, which, which, whose, where, where, where, from, why, why, how much, how much While, not yet, since, etc. . (temporary); so that, in order to, etc. (target); if, if, etc. (conditional; although, despite the fact that and others (concessive); since, because, etc. ( causal); as if, as if, as if, etc. (comparative); so (conjunction of effect) What, when, how Wed: I know what happened (what is a conjunctive word). I know that an important event happened (what- union).

In the main sentence there are often demonstrative words: that, there there, from there, then, so much, etc., which highlight the content of the subordinate clause, for example: 1) Never bother someone else with what you can do yourself. Conjunctions in composition can be simple (what, how, when, etc.), compound (since, so, because, etc.) and double (if ......, then; since......, then; than …….,them) for example: It was already completely dark, so there were no people on the street - compound union

In some complex sentences, the place of the subordinate clause is unchanged: the subordinate clause always comes after the main word or after the word to which it refers, for example: The earth and sea were plunged into deep darkness, so that it was impossible to see someone walking nearby a few steps away. In other complex sentences, the place of the subordinate clause can be changed, for example: 1) The expedition will leave for the Arctic tomorrow if the weather is summer. 2) If there is good flying weather, the expedition will leave for the Arctic tomorrow. 3) The expedition, if there is good flying weather, will leave for the Arctic tomorrow. The subordinate clause is separated by a comma or separated by commas!

Determinatives (refers to a member of a sentence, which is expressed by a noun or a substantivized word, answers the questions which? which? and is joined using allied words: which, whose, which, when, where, where, etc.): [From the street , (which was full of people), someone screamed]. [The place (where we rested) is very beautiful]; Subordinate clauses

Explanatory (or additional) (answer questions of indirect cases, refer to such a member of the main sentence, whose meaning needs to be clarified or supplemented; without explanatory subordinate clauses, such complex sentences would be incomplete and incomprehensible): [Grandmother asked] [for me to buy medicine] ; Explanatory clauses

Time (they indicate an action that is correlated in time with the action in the main sentence, answer the questions when? how long? since what time? etc.): (When I returned home), [my sister was already doing her homework]; Places (indicate the place where the action referred to in the main sentence occurs, are attached to the main sentence using the conjunctive words where, where, where and answer the questions where? where? where from? etc.): [After so many years old he returned there] (where he spent his youth); Mode of action (indicate the image or method of performing the action mentioned in the main sentence, join the main sentence with the help of conjunctions like, what, etc. and answer the questions how? in what way?): [It was necessary to do everything like this way], (so that mom doesn’t find out anything); Adverbial clauses

Measures and degrees (indicate the degree of quality referred to in the main sentence, are attached to the main sentence with the help of conjunctions that, how much, etc. and answer the questions by how much? To what extent?): [The sun was shining so brightly] , (that I had to close my eyes); Reasons (indicate the reason for what is being said in the main sentence, are attached to the main sentence using conjunctions because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, etc. and answer the questions why? why? for what reason? ): [I didn’t go to school yesterday], (because it was very cold); Objectives (indicate the purpose of what is being said in the main sentence, are attached to the main sentence using conjunctions so that, in order to, etc. and answer the questions why? for what?); Connectors (explain what is said in the main sentence, join the main sentence with the help of conjunctive words that, where, when, etc.): [She was not at home], (which happened infrequently).

Conditional (indicate the condition under which the action described in the main sentence is performed, they are attached to the main sentence using conjunctions if, when, if, etc. and answer the question under what condition?): [I’ll give you this book there] , (if you promise to return it in a week); Comparatives (explain what is said in the main sentence by comparison, they are attached to the main sentence using conjunctions as if, as if, etc.): [The three of us started talking], (as if we had known each other for centuries); Concessive (indicate the conditions contrary to which the action referred to in the main sentence is performed, are attached to the main sentence with the help of conjunctions although, despite the fact that, etc.): (Although he was still very young), [he reasoned very reasonable ]; Consequences (indicate the consequence that follows from the main sentence, are joined using the conjunction so): [It’s late], (so let’s go home);

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with one subordinate clause 1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive). 2. Indicate the type of sentence based on emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory). 3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries. Make a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) a question from the main to the subordinate clause, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is a verb), characterize the means of communication (conjunction or allied word), determine the type of subordinate clause (definitive, explanatory, etc.). d.). Sample analysis of a complex sentence with one subordinate clause 1) [During a strong storm, a tall old pine tree was uprooted], (which is why this hole was formed) (A. Chekhov). , (from what). The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex with a subordinate clause. The subordinate clause refers to the whole main thing and is joined to it by the conjunctive word why. 2) (To be clear to a contemporary), [the poet is wide open] (A. Akhmatova). (so that), . The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex with a subordinate clause of purpose. The subordinate clause answers the question for what purpose?, depends on the entire main clause and is joined to it by the conjunction so. 3) [I love everything], (which in this world has neither consonance nor echo) (I. Annensky). [local], (to). The sentence is narrative, non-exclamative, complex with a pronominal clause. The subordinate clause answers the question what?, depends on the pronoun everything in the main thing, and is joined by the conjunctive word what, which is an indirect object. Parsing

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SPP with several subordinate clauses Russian language lesson in 9th grade

Orthoepic warm-up Place emphasis in the words document, long, calling, calling, catalogue, more beautiful, masterfully, facilitate, reward, aggravate

Digital dictation Is it true that: 1. What, if, where are subordinating conjunctions? 2. The definition does not answer the question whose? 3. Is a sentence a syntactic unit? 4. Does the pronoun self have no nominative case? 5. However, is the conjunction subordinating? 6. Can a two-part sentence be indefinitely personal? 7. Do subordinate explanatory clauses answer questions about indirect cases? 8. In the sentence Everything has been done so that I can live in peace, the first part is a subordinate clause? 9. , (which...). – diagram of a complex sentence. 101 100 101

Insert subordinating conjunctions and allied words. Underline all parts of the sentence. Add missing punctuation marks. Make horizontal diagrams. I showed the letter to Mary.. Ivanovna.. ________ found it so convincing.. and touching.. ________ had no doubt about its success. (A. Pushkin) The author is sure.. n _______ there are such curious readers ________ who would like to know the plan and internal.. position.. position of the box. (N. Gogol) The reader has probably already guessed __________ daughter of Kirila Petrovich ________ we said only a few more words there is a heroine of ours.. th story.. . (A. Pushkin) Here Nozdryov burst out laughing with that ringing laugh __________ barks.. only a fresh healthy person _________ every single one of them shows teeth as white as sugar, trembles and jumps.. cheeks. (N. Gogol)

And I.. burned everything _________ swore.. swore.. swore to everything __________.. burned. (I. Turgenev) Suddenly he actually received a report from the manager ___________ uncle dying in bed... and he would be glad to say goodbye to him. (A. Pushkin) The officers revived the society _____________ until that time consisted only of a judge who lived in the same house with some deacon and the mayor's prudent man but who slept absolutely all day from lunch to evening and from evening to lunch. (N. Gogol)

Place punctuation marks, find the main clause and subordinate clause, determine the type of subordinate clauses, make a diagram. I know that in the evening those you are interested in and who do not bother you will come to you.

Determine the type of connection between subordinate clauses and the main one: 1) sequential subordination 2) homogeneous subordination 3) parallel subordination When I plant a tree, I am having fun because if I don’t get any shade from it myself, then my grandson will one day enjoy that shade. When the train passed by Brest, it was snowing so fluffy that it was impossible to make out anything outside the windows. Don’t think that everyone has sung, that the storms have all died down. I felt that there was something in my friend’s soul that he was keeping to himself.

The richest people are not those who received a lot, but those who gave themselves to people more generously than anyone else. Hunters unanimously say that it is always especially dark before dawn, that midnight is the darkest time in the forest. It seemed to him that he had never heard the wind whistle and howl so angrily. When the clock in the bedroom stops at night and the pendulum stops knocking, it wakes up the sleepy person. While he was speaking, I noticed that the Russian language and Russian surroundings gave him great pleasure.

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Presentation - Complex sentences

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Complex sentences
Theoretical information

Structure of complex sentences
A subordinate clause can appear after the main clause, in the middle of the main clause, or before it:
1. , ().
2. [ ,(), ].
3. (), .

The subordinate clause is separated from the main clause by commas. If the subordinate clause is in the middle of the main clause, it is separated by commas on both sides. Example: At noon, another chick flew out of the nest, which was located directly above the porch.

Conjunctions and allied words in complex sentences
Unions You cannot ask a question to them. They are not members of the proposal. Can be replaced by another conjunction or omitted.
Conjunctive words You can ask a question about them. They are members of the proposal. Cannot be omitted, can be replaced with another allied word.
Subordinate clauses are joined to the main clause by a conjunction or a conjunctive word:

Conjunctions are allied words in a complex sentence
Examples: She dreams that she is walking along a fabulously beautiful bridge. What is written with a pen cannot be cut out with an axe.

Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
SPPs with several subordinate clauses can be divided into three groups: with homogeneous subordination; with heterogeneous subordination (parallel); consistent submission; Sometimes in NGN with several subordinate clauses combinations of connections are used (simultaneously homogeneous and sequential or parallel and sequential, etc.)

Homogeneous Subordination
Subordinate clauses refer to the same word in the main clause or to the entire main clause; subordinate clauses answer the same question.
Example: While we are burning with freedom, while our hearts are alive for honor, my friend, let us devote our souls to the fatherland with wonderful impulses.
(Bye bye), .

Parallel (heterogeneous) subordination
Subordinate clauses answer different questions; subordinate clauses explain different words of the main part, but can refer to the same word.
Example: When thunder roared, the roar entered the gorge where the travelers were traveling. (When where).

Consistent submission
Subordinate clauses are arranged in a chain. The first subordinate clause explains the main thing. This is a 1st degree subordinate clause. The second subordinate clause (2nd degree) explains the 1st degree clause, etc.
Example: I want you to hear how my living voice yearns.
, (to), (how).

A comma is placed: If, with sequential subordination, there are conjunctions next to each other: what and if, what and when, so that and although, etc., then a comma is placed between the conjunctions. ,(what if …), …). For example: I already thought that if at this decisive moment I did not argue with the old man, it would later be difficult for me to free myself from his tutelage.
A comma is not placed: A comma is not placed if the second part of the conjunction follows – this or that. ,(what (if...), then...). For example: I already thought that if at this decisive moment I did not out-argue the old man, then later it would be difficult for me to free myself from his tutelage.

Example: There cannot be a good prose writer if a person does not know our best poets by heart, if he does not hear how a word sounds, how the sounds alternate in it.
Homogeneous and consistent submission
In a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses, combinations of connections are possible

Types of subordinate clauses
Definitive
Explanatory
Circumstances
Connecting
that it’s as if...
which what who where where where when...
time (when, while, ...) reasons (because, ...) conditions (if, ...) places (where, whither, ...) goals (so that, ...) course of action (how, ...) comparisons (how, ...) concessions ( although, ...) consequences (so, ...) connecting (that, ...)
what why why

Explanatory clauses
Answer case questions; refer to the words being explained in the main sentence with the meaning of speech (said (what?), message (about what?), known (by what?)), thoughts (thought (about what?), remembered (what? about what?), thought (about what?)) or feelings (happy (about what?), glad (about what?), sorry (about what?)), etc.; clarify (supplement, explain) the meaning of the words being explained; are connected with explanatory words with the help of conjunctions that, as if, so that, allied words, whether particles in the meaning of the union. Example: I came to you with greetings to tell you (tell you what?) that the sun has risen.

Determinative clauses
They answer the question which?; refer to the defined words contained in the main sentence and characterize them; are connected to defined words using allied words - pronouns and adverbs: which, what, where, when, where, etc.; always come after the word being defined. Example: The word is an amazing gift (what?) that a person possesses.
Pronominal attributive clauses Answer the questions who exactly? What exactly? They do not refer to nouns, but to pronouns that are used in the meaning of a noun. Example: He who seeks will always find.

Adverbial clauses
They refer to the entire main sentence or to words with adverbial meaning in the main sentence and specify the place, time, reason, purpose of the action, etc.; have the same meanings as the circumstances in a simple sentence and answer those questions; are connected to the main sentence using conjunctions and allied words. Example: So I looked into the well until the evening (until when?), until the first stars lit up.
Time
Causes
Conditions
Places
Goals
Mode of action and degree
Comparisons
Concessions
Consequences
There are types of adverbial clauses:

Connecting clauses
They contain an additional message and are connected to the main sentence with the allied words what, why, why. Example: A strong wind rose at night, which complicated the situation. From a complex sentence with a subordinate clause, you can create a complex sentence with the conjunction and. Example: A strong wind arose at night, and this complicated the situation.

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