G old sambir. City of Old Sambir (Ukraine)
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Old Sambir, 2015
Lviv region
A settlement called Sambir arose during the period of the Old Russian state in 1071 and was part of the Galician, and since 1199, the Galician-Volyn principality. During the Mongol-Tatar invasion, it was destroyed by invaders, after which some of its inhabitants moved to the Pogonich settlement. The latter gradually acquired the name New Sambir, and later Sambir, and the old settlement received the name Old Sambir, or Old city.
In Old Sambir there was the residence of the Galician prince, and later the king of Rus', Lev Daniilovich Galitsky. He was buried in 1301 in the Spassky Monastery, not far from the city.
In 1553 the city received Magdeburg rights. Old Sambir was a royal city and the center of the volost in the XV-XVIII centuries. was part of the Przemysl land of the Russian Voivodeship.
After the first partition of Poland in 1772, Old Sambir, as part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, went to Austria-Hungary. In 1782-1867. it was part of the Sambir district, and since 1867 it became the center of the district.
In 1837, an earthquake completely destroyed the city. Since that time, it has ceased to play a significant role in the region.
During the First World War, at the end of September 1914, Old Sambir was occupied by units of the 8th Russian Army and was in its hands until the beginning of 1915.
Since 1919 the city has been under the jurisdiction of Poland, since 1939 - as part of the Ukrainian SSR.
The first information about the Jews of Old Sambir dates back to 1519, when King Zygmunt I informed the Sambir elder, together with other elders, that Jews were allowed to live wherever they wish. Therefore, they were able to settle in Old Sambir. Two Jewish communities - Sambir and Old Sambir - being 20 kilometers away from each other, did not interrupt communication with each other. In Old Sambir there was neither a Jewish hospital nor high school, so Jews were treated and studied in Sambir. The Jews called the city Altstadt (Yiddish - Old City).
In 1553, the city received Magdeburg Law and became the Jewish center for the shtetls and villages surrounding it - Khirov, Staraya Sol, Felshtyn, and the village of Strelki.
Before World War I, the head of the Jewish community was Isaac Horowitz. In the 1920s about 500 people lived in Stary Sambir Jewish families, and another 500 emigrated to the United States. At that time, about 90% of the city's residents were Jews, 18% were Ukrainians and 2% were Poles.
Despite the general poverty, there were several successful Jewish families in Old Sambir, such as the Lam and Averdam families, who became rich during Austrian times because they had certain concessions from the Austrian government for passage through the city. The Lam family even had a private synagogue, which was located in their home in the city center. She was called "Lamovka". Dr. Yosef Lam, a member of the First Knesset in Israel, came from this famous family in Old Sambir.
Given the significant numerical superiority of the Jewish population, the mayors of this shtetl were Jews. At the turn of the century, until World War I, Aaron Averdam was mayor. During the war he went to Vienna, and when he returned to Galicia, he settled in Sambir. When the city ceded to Poland, the Polish authorities began to appoint a Pole as mayor.
Even before the Germans entered the city, local nationalists killed about 10 Jews in the Jewish cemetery. On June 30, 1941, Old Sambir was captured by German troops. The entire Jewish population was deported to the Sambir ghetto, where almost everyone - 2,300 people - died. Only 15 people were saved.
In 1910, the Safa Brura society was founded in Old Sambir, which organized a Jewish library and a Jewish school. Members of the society started the Zionist movement in Old Sambir. In 1918, a branch of the Poalei Zion party was organized.
During the interwar period, the Jewish youth movement actively developed in Old Sambir. In 1928, the HaShomer HaTza'ir branch was founded here. Another youth organization, Ha-Noar Ha-Tzioni, founded in 1930, immediately numbered about 50 young people. In the same year, the Zionist Labor Party Gitahdut was founded by Michael Fromm in Stary Sambir, and in 1933 it founded its youth branch Gordonia.
In 1935, a branch of the Revisionist Party and its youth branch, Beitar, was founded.
During the interwar period, the rabbi of Old Sambor was Rabbi Chaim Yitzchak Yeruham (buried in Sambor). He made Old Sambir well known in the Jewish world. The Hasidic Admor before World War II was Rabbi Alter Safrin, who actively spread Hasidism in the surrounding area, especially in the villages.
Every year the Hasidic Admor from Sadgora, Aaron Friedman, came to the Spas resort area near Old Sambir to rest. On Saturdays, a huge number of Hasidim from all over the area and even from abroad gathered with him.
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When I was in Sambir, I learned that this name was given by resettled residents during the Tatar-Mongol invasion in memory of the city burned by the enemy. The original Sambor burned several times and rose from the ashes, becoming Old Sambor. And it’s not surprising, because it was founded in the 11th century. How does Old Sambir live now on the threshold of its 1000th anniversary?
And here I am in an ancient provincial town, which is included in the State List of Historical settlements Ukraine, I am walking along the main street, named after the King of Rus' Lev of Galicia, whose residence was here in the 13th century.
I was a little upset by the sudden appearance of thunderclouds, and I only carry an umbrella on sunny days, and as soon as I put it out of my bag, it’s sure to rain on me along the way. I had to run into the store and buy another umbrella, which was folded within 2 minutes - the downpour ended as suddenly as it had begun. And the second umbrella will also be carried in the bag on clear days.
The city immediately attracted attention with the facades of houses painted in different colors.
I love it when buildings have construction dates on them! It is immediately clear that this building was built in 1914, and until 1946 it was an orphanage, as evidenced by the sign. Now a kindergarten is located here.
The small park has a children's playground and park sculpture from a bygone era. You can guess that this is a monument to a shepherd, because next to him is a white sheep.
And another public garden with unusual benches and fences.
Young old sambitors study at this college.
The Church of St. Nicholas was built in 1832, but was founded more than 700 years ago. The walls are decorated with stained glass and mosaics depicting biblical scenes.
Services are administered alternately by the Orthodox and Greek Catholic communities. Elder Evgeniy was preparing for the service, he was very kind and allowed me to photograph the inside of the temple.
Evgeniy spoke about the shrine and the memorial sign that is located on the church grounds. During the construction of the temple, the remains of old burials were discovered. No one will say what kind of graves these are. Old Sambir was not spared by wars, uprisings and epidemics. A marble slab was installed in memory of the fallen countrymen.
The old wooden church was dismantled and a chapel was built in its place.
At the entrance to the cemetery there are 2 chapels, one of them is private.
As I walked up the road, I looked back, admiring the opening panorama on the other side of the Dniester. Wind power generators could be seen in the distance.
I accidentally discovered a cemetery chapel built in 1907. It has been restored, the inscription in Polish has been preserved..
On this day there was a memorial service for the fallen defenders of Ukraine, and people, many of them military, came to the memorial to UPA soldiers, located at the end of the cemetery.
Descending from the mountain, one could look again - not enough to look at endless spaces Prykarpattya, but I was in a hurry to historical Center cities.
Market Square was quiet and deserted. And in the Middle Ages there were noisy fairs here, because Old Sambir was a shopping center. It’s a shame that the oldest town hall in Ukraine, which did not survive the war, has not been preserved.
City mongrels have a siesta on the new paving slabs. More recently, the square was paved with paving stones made from river stone.
The architectural dominant of the square is the church, built in 1890 on the site of its predecessors. After all, the city was also a religious center. Now the shrine is very tightly sandwiched by other buildings. The church was closed and, in my opinion, somewhat neglected.
The Boykivshchyna Museum, unfortunately, was also closed. Apparently, you need to call in advance and notify about your visit.
The Treasury has a representative appearance.
A half-timbered structure, which is rarely seen in Ukraine, was used in the construction of the building where the store is now located.
Another green corner with a monument to T. G. Shevchenko is named in honor of our national poet.
Knowing that there was a dilapidated synagogue in Old Sambir, I went in search of this religious site. This is one of the few religious buildings that were not destroyed during the Second World War. But now the synagogue is in oblivion. Built at the end of the 19th century, it is, as they say, a mute witness to the tragic events and history of the Jewish people.
The T. G. Shevchenko Cinema was built in 1953 on the site of the City Hall that burned down at the beginning of the 20th century. From the yard it looks like some kind of fortification. I don’t know how it is used now, but the spectators did not trample down the thickets of grass in front of the porch.
I once again regretted that I was not able to get to the museum, where I could find out the city’s local history details.
Then I went to another part of the city, photographing the school and the People's House along the way.
I walked across the bridge across the Dniester, which originates in these parts and is still gaining strength, so far without large rapids and whirlpools. But even at such a not very deep river, I couldn’t get enough of it.
A small church is located in the depths of the buildings. Was closed. Or did it happen to me that all the doors were closed?
I photographed a well I liked near the church for the collection.
On the way back I stopped near the railway station built in 1904. This is a two-story brick building, the roof has a pointed pediment and is decorated with Baroque elements. Such stations can often be seen in the Carpathian region, where Railway was built at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century. On this moment At this station there is little passenger traffic due to the lack of long-distance trains. From here you can go by train to Lviv direction or to Solotvino, Transcarpathian region.
It seems like I saw everything, but I didn’t manage to go everywhere. I liked the city, it’s clean and quiet, and I’m sharing my impressions with you.
The city of Old Sambir is located on the territory of the state (country) Ukraine, which in turn is located on the territory of the continent Europe.In what region (region) is the city of Old Sambir located?
The city of Old Sambir is part of the region (region) Lviv region.A characteristic of a region (region) or a subject of a country is the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements that are part of the region (region).
Region (region) Lviv region is administrative unit state of Ukraine.