A metal lathe for home is a device that is a miniature copy of a factory unit and is used to perform various technological operations. The compactness of this machine allows it to be placed in a small home workshop or garage. This article discusses the main types of small-sized machines, their technical characteristics, and also provides advice on selection.

Small-sized models of lathes are used not only in home workshops, but also in small industries

The main factor that influences the choice of such equipment for the home is its purpose. Before purchasing such a small machine, you need to know exactly what it will be used for.

Depending on the purpose, all turning units are divided into three main types:

• desktop;
• semi-professional;
• professional.

In production, powerful metal-working units are used; smaller models are more suitable for domestic purposes.

Desktop devices for private use at home are distinguished by their small dimensions and, accordingly, weight. The minimum weight of such micro-machines is 13 kg, and the maximum does not exceed 100 kg. In turn, semi-professional floor options, which are also often used in home workshops, can weigh up to 400 kg. The power of the desktop unit reaches 400 watts.

Semi-professional machines are also used in small industries and are distinguished by higher power (up to 1000 watts) and functionality. As a rule, such units combine, in addition to turning functions, two more: drilling and milling. This expansion of capabilities significantly increases the functionality of the machines.

Professional units are installed in large and medium-sized industries. They are often controlled by software. They are large in size and weight.

Only the first type of machine is suitable for use at home. Depending on the method of processing parts, they are divided into three main types:

• turning and milling;
• screw-cutting lathes;
• combined.

Each type of machine has its own set of functions and technical characteristics

Metal turning and milling machines are used, as a rule, for removing chamfers from workpieces, as well as for organizing holes and facing. The second type of desktop devices is used for sharpening parts and applying threads to them. In turn, combined devices used at home are capable of performing all of the above functions.

Features of tabletop metal lathes

Such units are suitable for processing metal parts that are small in size. Using such a unit allows you to perform the following operations:

• turning parts in the shape of a cylinder or cone;
• trimming the ends of parts;
• grinding;
• organizing holes by drilling;
• expansion of holes;
• threading (both external and internal).

Helpful information! Processing of various parts on a home lathe is carried out at a much lower speed than on professional equipment. However, this does not in any way affect the quality of the finished product, especially if the operation of the unit is controlled using a computer numerical control (CNC) system.

Small devices of this type are capable of performing many functions. They have found their application not only at home, but also in small workshops, as well as in car repair shops. Since Soviet times, such mini-machines have been used to teach turning to schoolchildren and students of professional technical institutions.

Thus, small-sized turning units are used for different purposes. They are indispensable and useful devices that allow technical operations with small parts. You can buy a metal lathe for your home in any specialized store or on the Internet.

Advantages of mini lathes

Units of this type have a number of advantages over large-sized, professional devices. For example, to operate such equipment, a standard household electrical network with a voltage of 220 V is sufficient. If desired, the mini-machine can be adapted to connect to a network with a voltage of 380 V (three-phase).

Another important advantage of a home turning unit is that it consumes a small amount of electricity during operation. The shelf life of micromachines of this type can reach several decades. How long it will serve you directly depends on two factors: proper use and timely maintenance.

Due to its compactness, such a micro-machine can be placed in any suitable room (room in an apartment, garage, etc.). Units of this type allow novice turners to quickly learn how to process metal parts. It’s also worth saying that the cost of lathes for home use is more than affordable for most people.

And finally, an important advantage of such devices is that they can be equipped with additional devices. This allows them to be used for milling metal parts, which significantly expands their operational range.

Construction of a mini metal lathe

From a constructive point of view, such units are quite complex devices, since they copy industrial machines. Let's look at the main components:

• bed;
• spindle (front) assembly or headstock;
• caliper

The bed is the basis of any machine, which is equipped with holes for fixing to the working surface (for example, a table). As a rule, this element is made of cast iron and is equipped with guides for other components.

The support performs two important functions, namely: fixing the processing tool and changing its position during operation. The following processing devices can be used:

• cutter;
• countersink.

The front assembly includes the electric motor, spindle, drive and gearbox. Thanks to these components, the shaft rotates and this effect is transmitted to the second unit.

In most cases, the drive of a home lathe used for processing metal parts is driven by a V-belt. Some units have a speed control function. To do this, the V-belt is rearranged from one pulley cavity to another.

Note! Sometimes, to provide more precise speed settings, the mini-machine is equipped with an additional electric-type controller. The undeniable advantage of a belt drive is that its presence reduces the risk of motor burnout if the workpiece jams.

The smallest lathes often have a support with limited functionality installed. It is a cutter holder that has one place and two positions. The machining fixture in such an element can only be used for boring or external turning. It follows from this that to perform other work it will be necessary to change the cutters themselves, as well as their position.

Design features of school metal lathes

The design of lathes used for teaching in schools is usually classical. The differences between devices are determined by their purpose and functional features. There are two types of school mini-looms, depending on their design:

• desktop;
• floor

They include a frame, which is made of cast iron or steel metal sheets. The main units of the unit are installed on it, namely: the front unit (headstock), rear unit, cutter clamp, and caliper. There are some design features of school units that are due to the simplicity of the design. Let's look at them:

• school lathes are not equipped with a gearbox;
• speed change is carried out via a belt drive;
• the spindle head has a simpler design;
• the base of the unit does not have a special recess, which is designed for working with large parts.

In such devices, the flow of liquid necessary for cooling the equipment is carried out through an integrated system. If there is none, then the cutting fluid is applied manually.

Mini-machines for processing metal workpieces must have one more important element - a mechanical brake. It is necessary in order to reduce the percentage of defects during the processing of metal parts.

In amateur workshops, which are often located in garages, school mini-machines are often used. There are three main types of such small units.

Features of a metal lathe for the TV-4 garage

This type of unit is one of the most popular and widespread in the CIS. The active use of such a machine in schools began in Soviet times. It was then that they began to call it “training TV-4”. However, the functionality of this unit allows it to be used for a variety of tasks.

The main advantage of TV-4 is its compactness. Thanks to this, such devices are still used in home workshops. To process various metal parts in the garage, not only desktop devices are used, but also those that have their own base.

Characteristics of the TV-4 lathe (floor-mounted):

• power indicator is 1 kW;
• required electrical network voltage – 220 V;
• the maximum length of a part that can be processed on such a unit is 30 cm;
• maximum cross-section of the workpiece – 200 mm;
• number of revolutions per minute – up to 710;
• weight – about 280 kg.

Helpful information! You can purchase such a model in any online store, where there are many offers for the sale of not only entire units of this type, but also their components. True, you will have to buy a used device, since it is almost impossible to find a model that has not been used.

The price of a TV-4 lathe varies from 25,000 to 65,000 rubles. Its cost is influenced by the condition and functionality of the structure.

Characteristics of TV-6 screw-cutting lathes

A unit of this type was also actively used in schools in the USSR. TV-6 is used to perform the simplest technical operations, including:

• drilling holes;
• trimming ends;
• cutting off part of a part;
• applying metric threads;
• boring of workpieces (cylindrical and conical).

TV-6 mini-machines are used for processing parts made of non-ferrous metals or steel. Limited capabilities are due to the fact that processing products made from other materials leads to dust in the room in which the unit is located. The release of dust can be harmful to the health of the technician.

Let's look at the main characteristics of this model:

• the electrical network voltage required for the operation of the machine is 220 V;
• the maximum length of the part for processing is 35 cm;
• the maximum cross-section of the workpiece that can be worked with is 200 mm;
• number of revolutions per minute – up to 700;
• weight – about 300 kg.

One of the undeniable advantages of “school” models of lathes is their relative compactness

Despite the fact that the maximum length of a product that can be processed on TV-6 is 35 cm, the length of the part being grooved is only possible within a gap of 30 cm.

Small dimensions are a big advantage of this metal lathe. You can buy a used model of this type for 35,000-70,000 rubles. TV-6 is perfect for working with metal parts in a home workshop.

TV-7 machines: main differences from TV-6

A turning unit of this type is an improved version of the TV-6 device. The main differences between these two models are the gearbox design. It’s also worth saying that TV-7 differs from TV-6 in the design of the spindle head.

Related article:

Design features. Classification of tools depending on various factors. Rules for sharpening cutters.

Let's look at the main characteristics of the TV-7 mini-machine:

• power indicator is 1.1 kW;
• required network voltage – 220 V;
• the maximum length of the workpiece for processing is 33 cm;
• the largest diameter of the workpiece with which this unit can work is 220 mm;
• number of revolutions per minute – up to 1000;
• weight – 400 kg.

Helpful information! The gearbox of such a mini-machine, used for processing metal parts, can operate in two modes. It is also worth noting that TV-7 has one more difference from earlier school units, namely: the absence of levers necessary to change gears.

The price of a metal lathe of this type ranges from 55,000 to 85,000 rubles. As in previous cases, purchasing a new device is extremely difficult, so the choice must be made among used models.

Buying a used unit allows you to save a lot of money. However, when choosing such a product, you must be very careful not to purchase equipment that has functional problems. Let's look at the basic rules that will help you choose the right device.

When purchasing a mini-machine, it is advisable to inquire about the documentation that comes with it. If the seller does not have all Required documents for this equipment, it is better not to purchase a mini metal lathe. Buying a used device that is capable of processing workpieces with high precision is quite difficult, however, it is possible if desired.

Before purchasing a used mini-machine, it is recommended to check its operation. Moreover, it is necessary to test the functionality of the device in all possible modes. It is also worth paying attention to the backlash of moving parts. Clearances must comply with the technical specifications of the device.

Before purchasing a used machine, make sure that it is in good working order and that all components are available, including otherwise operation of such a unit may be unsafe

Metal lathe for home with CNC control

A CNC lathe can perform the same functions as manual models. However, it performs all technological operations much faster and, most importantly, more accurately than conventional mini-devices. Thanks to the numerical software system, the possibility of errors when processing the workpiece is virtually eliminated.

The computer program ensures, if necessary, timely replacement of a functional part, and also monitors accuracy during operation of the machine. Such mini-units function almost autonomously. The wizard only needs to enter the necessary parameters in accordance with which the technological operation will be performed.

CNC machines are especially effective when performing the following types of work:

• marking;
• engraving;
• shaped sharpening.

The most popular models of CNC lathes for metal today are produced by OPTIMUM and JET. Miniature units from these brands are distinguished by high quality and accuracy of technological operations.

When choosing a benchtop lathe, you need to pay attention to a number of important parameters. Mini-machines for home use for processing metal workpieces can have different weights. The minimum weight of such a unit is 13 kg, and the maximum is 400 kg. Accordingly, the higher the mass of the device, the larger it is.

Note! Experts recommend choosing mini-machines for home workshops that have the least weight (up to 50 kg). Such models are compact and versatile, and they are also very convenient to install. In addition, if necessary, it will not be difficult to change the location of such a small-sized unit.

Another important parameter that is worth considering when choosing a desktop mini-machine is its power. For small units this figure is no more than 2.25 kW. Separately, it is worth saying that there are devices that are commonly called “low-power”. They include a drive with a power of 0.15 kW.

Before choosing how much power you want to purchase a small-sized lathe, it is recommended to decide on its purpose. For processing small workpieces made of non-ferrous metals, less powerful tabletop metal lathes are suitable. Mini-units with higher power are suitable, in turn, for large parts made of durable material (for example, steel).

Even desktop devices intended for home workshops are complex, from a technical point of view, structures. Therefore, when choosing a mini-machine, it is also recommended to pay attention to the quality of its components. The material from which the structural elements of the device are made is of no small importance.

Experts recommend paying special attention when choosing a small-sized machine to its following components: bed and support. These elements must be made of durable metal. The outer surface of the material must be carefully sanded.

Today you can find many units of this type. To buy a mini metal lathe that is suitable for use in your case, it is recommended to study the technical specifications popular models these devices on the Internet.

Prices of tabletop metal lathes

When choosing a suitable benchtop unit for your home workshop, you need to pay attention to its cost. The price of mini-machines depends on several factors, such as:

• brand;
• power;
• performance.

Other, smaller characteristics of metal lathes are also reflected in pricing. The price of a mini-unit, the power of which does not exceed 500 Watts, is approximately 15,000-55,000 rubles. Such devices do not differ in functionality, but are more than fully suitable for basic tasks.

Tabletop units with a wider list of capabilities (screw-cutting lathes) cost a little more. For example, a mini-machine of this type with a power of up to 500 Watts can be purchased at a price of 27,000-75,000 rubles.

And finally, turning and milling units are considered the most expensive desktop units. The price range in this case is 65-150 thousand rubles. Depending on the functional features and technical equipment, the price of desktop metal lathes is determined. You can buy the necessary device either in a specialized store or on the Internet by placing an order online.

The most popular companies producing such equipment, as mentioned above, are OPTIMUM and JET. They produce high-quality, wear-resistant units that have a long service life. The price of such devices is quite high, however, they all correspond to the declared quality.

For example, the cost of a desktop lathe Metal Master from the JET company ranges from 50 to 150 thousand rubles. Models from the OPTIMUM brand are even more expensive (from 60 to 330 thousand rubles).

Features of working on a metal lathe

The process of processing metal parts on small-sized units is not particularly complicated. However, you must always remember that there are certain rules for using such equipment, as well as safety precautions that should be followed.

Working tools are placed in a special section of the mini-machine - quills. This section of the unit is characterized by mobility and is able to move along guide elements. The quill is placed based on the dimensions of the metal product being processed. The carriage, which is the main component of the support, is also capable of moving along the guides, thereby changing the position of the working part.

The elements in which workers are fixed are different types. The type of tool holder is determined depending on the characteristics of the workpiece, as well as the general loads during operation. Single type cutting heads are usually used when work needs to be done at an average level of complexity. However, today the most popular are tool holders that are capable of fixing several cutting devices at the same time.

Let's consider a few basic safety rules when working with a mini-machine:

• the unit must be securely fixed to the working surface (if we're talking about about the desktop model);
• It is strictly forbidden to place foreign objects on the bed, which is the base of the mini-machine. This rule also applies to tools used during work;
• belt drive parts must be protected;
• It is strictly forbidden to lean on any part of the unit;
• If the processing of the workpiece involves the formation of chips, then it is necessary to wear protective glasses over the eyes.

Before starting a home lathe, you need to make sure that the unit keys are working properly. To do this, you need to set the device to idle and first press the “Start” button and then “Stop”. In the event of any malfunction, the use of the mini-machine is strictly prohibited until the problem is resolved.

Helpful information! Experts advise keeping the workplace clean and checking for oil in a timely manner.

And one more rule that must be observed when working with such a device - in no case should you leave the lathe turned on unattended. Videos that describe in detail all the intricacies of working on such units can be easily found on the Internet.

Despite the wide variety of models of tabletop units used for processing metal parts, they all have general principles work. They are also capable of performing many tasks, just like professional models. Having studied the main technical characteristics of different models, you can easily select a tabletop metal lathe. You can buy such a unit at any specialized store or order it online.

It is best to choose using the deductive method, going from the general to the specific - your own lathe, which will solve your problems without extra costs.

Determine the type of machine. It is selected based on the volume and direction of future work. Vertical, automatic with program controlled CNC, semi-automatic or manual. The machine class reflects the amount of work for which its components and parts are designed.

The answer to the question whether the machine can solve those specific tasks that are needed is displayed in its technical specifications.

They contain answers to the questions - can it process parts of the required size, what is the maximum diameter of the workpiece that can be inserted into the spindle, is the spindle rotation speed sufficient to process the materials you need, what kind of chuck does the machine have, what cams does it have.

The maximum spindle speed is the determining factor in the machine's ability to process hard materials.

The characteristics of the metric thread indicator and the number of other threads are no less important..

The size limit for workpieces is the characteristic “Machining diameter over bed D”.

Study the characteristics of the tool holder.

What type of electric motor drives the spindle? If it is a commutator type, make sure that the gearbox will provide control over the acceleration of massive workpieces.

Is it possible to carry out milling work, what additional devices can be installed on this machine.

Video: features of milling on a lathe.

Pay close attention to the characteristics of the electric motor.

If you intend to process workpieces with a diameter of ten and a length of over seventy, the machine motor must be asynchronous.

Do you have enough money to pay your electricity bills? Is there enough space to install it? Engineering developments in the machine tool industry have made it possible to produce machines that consume less energy while maintaining their productivity.

Acquisition budget. Naturally, everyone wants to save money. Still, don’t be like the hero of the Arabic proverb - a cheap cow milks its owner when the earnings begin to be lost due to endless repairs.

When choosing a machine that suits your needs, compare not only prices, but also the terms of delivery and installation, setup, warranty and post-warranty service, availability and cost of spare parts.
The capabilities of a lathe are limited only by the turner's imagination.

Video: a lathe that breaks thought patterns.

When it comes to the home version of a metal lathe, there is no need to talk about such an indicator as ease of working with large parts. In this regard, desktop versions of industrial equipment - the so-called mini-lathes - have limitations in their use, which is why they are widely used in everyday life or in small workshops, since they are not suitable for “in-line” production.

Just at home, as a rule, you have to work with small workpieces, which do not require special technologies and skills.

Advantages of desktop models of lathes

• They do not take up much space and can be installed in almost any room.
• The design of many models suggests the possibility of expanding their functionality. You just need to purchase the necessary components.
• Reliability.
• Easy to connect to the power supply network.

Unfortunately, not all machines that are advertised and sold fully meet the requirements that “home” craftsmen place on them. In fact, there is a lot of choice, but it doesn’t make sense to buy the first model you come across. After all, each of us wants, in principle, one thing - to have a good combination of high quality products and their reasonable cost.

It is from this position that we will consider individual representatives of units from the “desktop lathe” category. Let's start with the simplest, and therefore relatively cheap.

Review of machine models

Czech model "Proma" DSO-1000 series(made in China) costs about 13,500 rubles. What can she do? With a power of 0.4 kW, it allows processing parts with a diameter of up to 35 cm and a length of up to 100 cm. Connection is from a 220 V network, which is very convenient for use at home. RPM range - from 850 to 1,250 at 4 speeds. Weight – 35 kg.

Flaws

Taking into account the features of the engineering solution, the machine is effective when working with soft metals; Service organizations of this manufacturer are located only in Moscow and St. Petersburg. But since the design is quite simple, this is not very significant.

A more advanced model from this manufacturer – the “SV-250m” series – will cost about 2.5 times more (about 25,000 rubles).

It is worth paying attention to Swiss "JET", not least because of the reasonable price. For example, the JWL-1220 series costs about 32,800 rubles. The power is greater than that of the “Czech” - 0.77 kW, but the diameter of the workpiece is somewhat inferior - no more than 30.5 cm. But this model is more convenient to use, and also has a number of additional “services” and expanded equipment.

There is an opinion that there are practically no mini-machines of domestic manufacturers on the market. And this is explained by the fact that our factories are focused on the production of industrial equipment (this is partly fair). However, on various forums there are constantly reviews (by the way, very good) about such Russian models, How "Corvette", "Kraton". True, almost all products entering the market are again “made in China,” but there are no significant complaints about them yet.

For example, the Corvette 400 series for home use is universal. They can process workpieces made of various metals, wood, and plastics. It can be used to perform various turning operations - turning of various profiles, facing and a number of others. Power supply – 1 f 220 V with a power of 0.4 kW. True, it is inferior to “Proma” in maximum size processed parts - up to 18 cm. But taking into account the low price - about 22,500 rubles - this is one of the best options for the home craftsman.

There are other models, for example, "TV" of the domestic manufacturer "Rustan". But although they differ in greater power (from 1 kW) and capabilities, they have a fairly significant weight (from 180 kg) and cost an order of magnitude more expensive (from 230,000 rubles). Therefore, such models are more suitable for small workshops, private services, and the like. But, for example, it is hardly advisable to purchase it for installation in a garage.

In order for the machine to fully meet all the user’s expectations and serve for a long time, it is necessary not only to know how to turn it on/off, but also to understand some of the features of such products. In appearance, all the new equipment looks very attractive, and the passport indicates various parameters that seem to suit the buyer quite well. And still …?

What to look for when choosing

Dimensions and weight

If you plan to place it not in a workshop, where there is enough free space, but, for example, in a garage, then the question is more than relevant. You can’t just put a unit that is too heavy on the table, especially taking into account even slight vibration. This means that you will have to mount a “pedestal” under it from a corner or channel and free up space, or reinforce an existing workbench with “hardware”. The weight of most models of benchtop lathes ranges from 15 to 90 kg, so there is a choice.

Ease of connection

Even if we are talking about our own home, rarely does anyone have a 380 V (3 ph) cable installed in a barn or other outbuilding. As a rule, there is single-phase 220 V power supply everywhere. When choosing a machine, this must be taken into account. Laying a new route is not only troublesome, but also quite expensive (of course, if everything is done “wisely”), especially if the territory is already inhabited. After all, no one will run an “overhead” line specifically for the machine.

Maximum diameter of processed workpieces

Practice shows that for domestic use a model with this indicator up to 400 mm is sufficient.

Power

For domestic use, it is quite sufficient in the range of 0.5 - 0.7 kW.

engine's type

Asynchronous models have a long maintenance-free service life.

Limbo

The accuracy of workpiece processing depends on the cost of its divisions.

Availability of reverse

The benefits of such an engineering solution are clear, but not all machines can boast of this. It is worth paying attention to the number of revolutions - to what extent they change.

Model capabilities

In this regard, you need to count on the future, since it is unknown what you will have to face tomorrow. If you’re going to spend money, then it’s on a device with which you can perform different kinds works, and not something “highly specialized”.

The versatility of using a lathe largely depends on what accessories are included with the product. Even if they are not supplied, what can you use? In other words, is it possible to “modify” the machine for certain tasks? Maybe it would be more advisable to purchase a cheaper model, and if necessary, “equip” it additionally? This issue is worth looking into in more detail.

Nowadays you can quite often find advertisements for the sale of tabletop machines. Needless to say, it will be much cheaper. But not a single seller will tell you about the real reason that forces him to part with the equipment. Therefore, you need to verify its suitability for yourself.

What to check

• Work in various modes.
• No backlash in moving parts.
• Worn out.
• Processing precision. This is one of the main criteria for assessing the feasibility of a purchase. Repairing any machine related to this problem is so expensive that the costs will be quite commensurate with the cost of new equipment.

Criterion	Options	Description
	100 – 500
	300 – 2032
	0 – 3000
	20 – 80
power, kWt	Up to 1
	From 1.5 to 6
	Over 7
	Single phase (220-240)	Amateur machines
	Three-phase (380-400)	Professional machines
Weight, tons
	Lungs – up to 0.5
	Medium – up to 4
	Large – up to 15
	Heavy – up to 400

Home equipment

Industrial equipment

My choice

JET GH-2040 ZH DRO RFS

KRATON MML-01

Poll Options are limited because JavaScript is disabled in your browser.

Never had it serviced - everything still runs and works “like clockwork” 42%, 43 vote

Thank you very much for the article. * 33%, 34 vote

After scheduled repairs, since you’ve already disassembled it, you can add lubricant 18%, 19 votes

I disassemble, lubricate, clean regularly, after each object 7%, 7 votes

07.05.2018

I hope that the article was useful to you. Thank you for your attention, ask questions, share your experience in the comments.

(1 ratings, average: 4,00 out of 5)

10 screw-cutting lathes - choosing the best equipment for hobbies, business and large-scale production

Having at your disposal a screw lathe (hereinafter referred to as TVS), you can perform smooth or shaped turning of the workpiece; drill or bore a straight or tapered hole; grind the ends and cut the threads. It is possible to process parts with acceptable accuracy even on inexpensive models.

It is not necessary to have a full-fledged specialized education to work independently on such equipment. Your own practical experience is of paramount importance. Of course, theory is important, but here it’s even simpler - you can study the structure of the machine and become familiar with the main features of its operation without leaving home.

Please note that the term “universal”, which appears in the technical documentation of fuel assemblies, refers to work with metals and plastics. Wood cannot be sharpened on a metalworking machine under any circumstances. There is specialized equipment for such tasks. The mechanisms of which are not afraid of wood dust, which is destructive for lubricants used in metal processing.

My article will help you understand distinctive features fuel assembly models, and make an informed choice taking into account certain needs and capabilities.
I'll start by presenting the most important characteristics that you should pay attention to. I present them in the table:

Table of main selection criteria

Criterion	Options	Description
Maximum diameter of the workpiece to be processed above the bed, mm	100 – 500	The specified range is valid for standard machines. Once upon a time, GOST regulated the production and certification of equipment for processing workpieces with a diameter of up to 6300 mm, today this is not the limit. This value indicates the permissible diameter of the part rotating on the axis of the spindle and tailstock
Maximum distance between centers, mm	300 – 2032	Characterizes the maximum length of the processed part of the workpiece
Spindle speed, rpm	0 – 3000	By changing this value within the tolerance for a specific workpiece (taking into account the structural characteristics of the material, dimensions and degree of processing), you can obtain the required result when minimum costs working hours. With increasing spindle speed, the accuracy of the machined surface increases
Spindle through hole diameter, mm	20 – 80	The through hole of the headstock spindle allows you to process workpieces whose length exceeds the actual distance between centers. Determines the maximum permissible diameter of the length of length being turned
power, kWt	Up to 1	Amateur "hobby" equipment. For small volumes, minimal loads are assumed
	From 1.5 to 6	Machines for small business organizations, repair and creative workshops
	Over 7	It is advisable to install it in experimental and production workshops at large enterprises.
AC power supply, V	Single phase (220-240)	Amateur machines
	Three-phase (380-400)	Professional machines
Weight, tons
	Lungs – up to 0.5	Allows you to work with workpieces with a diameter of 100 – 200 mm
	Medium – up to 4	A number of the largest workpiece diameters are in the range of 250 – 500 mm
	Large – up to 15	Can process parts 630 – 1250 mm in diameter
	Heavy – up to 400	Copes with the largest options from a range of largest diameters

As for the weight of the machine. There is a dependence of the weight of the unit on its “professionalism”. There is a conditional relationship between the weight of the machine and the maximum diameter of the workpiece being processed.

Please note: factors that directly indicate the purpose of the equipment are deliberately placed in the last places of the table. Look for fuel assemblies based on the actual level of the tasks assigned - hobby, small business or industrial enterprise. This way you can choose the most functional and cost-effective machine model.

Home equipment

Machining parts on fuel assemblies for amateur needs is impossible when you have 1-2 cutters at your disposal. Creative work will tighten unpredictably if you have to look for belts, gears or shafts yourself. Maintainability and configuration are the main points that deserve the attention of the user of entry-level turning equipment.

1. Caliber STMN-550/350 – from 41,000 rubles.

A lightweight and compact entry-level machine allows you to perform the entire range of work on “adult” models. Assembly and adjustment in accordance with the instructions guarantees accuracy of operation. Preliminary preparation of the workpiece, removal of chips of no more than 0.2 mm in one pass, maintenance every 50 hours of operation has a positive effect on the condition of the equipment. To the point that the working life can exceed the 3 years declared by the manufacturer. A personal “crash test” with an increase in load beyond the recommended one led to the engine shutting down. Thus, the electronic protection system prevents excessive wear of plastic gears and burnout of the electric motor windings.

2. Kraton MML-01 – from RUB 52,169.

Another variation of a fascinating construction set on the theme of Russian-Chinese fuel assemblies. The machine became famous due to its collection of cutters, a set of gears for adjusting the automatic feed of the caliper and its maintainability. As the equipment is assembled, it is necessary to remove the preservative composition from the parts. Follow the recommended lubrication intervals and periodically check the position of drive parts. Before the first start under load, it makes sense to disassemble the headstock housing and securely tighten the screw securing the fork, which changes the position of the input shaft gears. This simple operation will protect you from serious consequences caused by small things that have been twisted out and getting into the vents of a working mechanism. The problem with this fuel assembly is the plastic gears, which break due to careless use. The problem is solved by replacing them with cast iron ones.

Here is a video - a review from the owner of this device after a month of use. The author shared useful minor improvements:

3. Corvette 402 – from 77,529 rubles.

Despite some similarity in tactical and technical characteristics, the Voronezh Enkor stands out from other light fuel assemblies produced in China. This is honestly communicated to the user on the first page of the instructions. Among other differences, I will note the extended base and high-quality components. Due to this, the recommended chip removal depth is 0.2 mm, maximum 0.3 mm. Not a single machine among its closest analogues has such an opportunity. The increased dimensions of the working area and a real 0.75 kW single-phase motor fully cover the needs of the home craftsman. Heavy weight reduces vibration and increases the stability of the table machine.

Here is a review of this machine. The performance characteristics of the unit are given and its functionality is demonstrated:

Small Business Equipment

The selection of fuel assemblies for a production or repair business project is always carried out taking into account the inevitable modernization for similar tasks. There are no problems with processing precision for equipment in this category. Wear resistance is also at the level. But some manufacturers rely on the universal potential, others on the dimensions of the machine’s working area. Identify your main tasks and look for a machine to implement them. Then the purchase of a new fuel assembly will not affect the profitability of the business.

4. Proma SKF-800 – from RUB 272,365.

The combination of milling and screw-cutting devices within one lathe turned out to be one of best solutions Czech Proma SKF-800. The rotary drilling unit and the impressive diameter of the hole in the spindle allow you to work with fairly large parts. 2 identical three-phase motors guarantee sufficient torque for each device. A worthy option for those who plan to study professional activity in a small workshop. The only design flaw is the lack of tight contact of the protective panels with the frame. Because of this, chips and lubricants can cause rapid wear of the drive mechanisms. The manufacturer recommends that exposed parts be thoroughly cleaned and lubricated twice a day. I recommend checking the belt tension during each maintenance break.

Video from the manufacturer Proma, the video shows the performance characteristics and reveals the functionality of the machine:

5. MetalMaster X32100 – from RUB 284,970.

Thread indicator, digital display device, longitudinal and transverse automatic feed system; supply of lubricant and cooling fluid - a machine from MetalMaster simplifies the process of metal processing without loss of quality. Professionals often compare the functionality of this machine with Soviet equipment of a similar profile. I consider such analogies to be incorrect - apart from a certain set of functions, nothing connects them.

• X32100 removes 3 mm chips in one pass
• Discretion of carriage stroke in any direction – 0.001 mm
• MetalMaster provides the opportunity to reduce equipment costs by 12% by eliminating the digital display device (12% of the cost).

With such a ratio of potential, compact dimensions, ergonomic controls and 1 year of official warranty, this machine has no competitors in the price segment up to 300,000.

The video shows the machine in operation - the thread cutting process on this unit is demonstrated. In principle, everything is done easily, and special training is not needed at all to work on this machine:

6. Jet GHB-1330A – from RUB 350,000.

The scope of use of this fuel assembly is small-scale production and piece products. Weight, length of the frame and a small basic set of accessories indicate the professional orientation of the equipment. That is, when the necessary equipment is purchased as needed to perform specific tasks. Having experience working on this machine, I can say that in addition to convenient control and actual power, the length of the bed or the width of the through hole of the spindle is definitely not enough. Changes had to be made to the order for meter-long spatial structure elements made from a 50-millimeter pipe at the discussion stage. If the specifics of the work are not related to the maintenance of construction sites, then this machine will be a justified investment in the development of your business.

Industrial equipment

From among the standard fuel assemblies of the industrial group, you can select an option for both the workshop and the experimental workshop. The discreteness of the stroke and the permissible error are regulated by standards. The operation of components and mechanisms is ideal with the established maintenance procedure. The difficulty of choice lies in a thorough comparison of the capabilities of a standard machine and the expected operating features. Minor modifications are allowed. If there are obvious non-conformities, upgrading must be carried out by the manufacturer. Optimally – fuel assemblies made to order.

7. Stalex GH-1430B – from RUB 540,611.

The oil bath of the gearbox, from which the headstock bearings are lubricated, and the rigidity of the structure bring the domestically developed product as close as possible to the high standard of older FA models. The advantage of the younger machine is the error declared by the manufacturer of 0.005 mm. Considering the features of service and the stated cost, I can confidently say that equipment with such precision should be classified as industrial. Which, despite its average dimensions, will be effectively used only in the conditions of a production and experimental workshop.

8. Proma SPF-2000PH – from RUB 1,220,000.

For drilling, reaming holes, grinding parts and rolling corrugations on the scale of repair and locksmith shops of large enterprises, accurate and powerful machines are required. The Czech version with a 2-meter working surface of the bed, a 5.5 kilowatt electric motor and a hydraulic station for supplying lubricating and cooling fluid meets all the requirements for industrial equipment. 2 steady rests on the bed increase the efficiency of processing large-sized workpieces. Maintenance of Proma SPF-2000PH requires certain qualifications from personnel. Therefore, at enterprises, the replacement of process fluids and local repairs are entrusted to highly specialized specialists. I recommend entrusting the first commissioning work to specialists from the manufacturer.

9. Jet GH-2040 ZH DRO RFS – from RUB 1,165,000.

The index “2040” in the TVS marking identifies the junior model of the senior line of standard lathes of the GH ZH DRO RFS series, from the international corporation JET. The differences between each of the 4 options are in the dimensions of the equipment and the maximum length of the workpiece. The motor is 12 kW, the parameters of each of the 4 possible thread options, the rotation speed of the feed shaft for the GH ZH DRO RFS models are completely identical. Which allows us to conclude about the impressive potential of fuel assemblies with code 2040.

A detailed review of the model - issues from configuration to the hardness of the frame are considered; Maximum cut per revolution tested:

My choice

No matter how detailed the advantages of screw-cutting lathes are described, it is difficult to draw an unambiguous conclusion regarding industrial equipment. Each production has its own characteristics, due to which special machines are ordered and standard machines are modified. From the standpoint of standard equipment – JET GH-2040 ZH DRO RFS, due to its existing potential, stands out against the background of a small number of worthy competitors.

The most numerous in terms of the range of characteristics is the group of machines that is of interest to small businesses. Here you can always choose models that suit your characteristics. The easiest way is to - already in the basic configuration you get an accurate and high-performance fuel assembly, there is no need to modernize the machine.

It is more difficult to define a machine for a hobby - the proliferation of similar models affects it. Against which it stands out KRATON MML-01: a set of cutters, a set of gears and shafts, the whole necessary tool. The affordability and maintainability of the machine predetermined its popularity. Minimal modifications can correct small structural defects.

How often do you service your power tools?

A lathe is indispensable if you need to frequently make parts from wood or metal, adjust them to the required dimensions, or turn out threaded holes. How to choose a lathe – read the Price.ua review.

How to choose a wood lathe

A compact benchtop lathe is suitable as working equipment for a small workshop.

With its help, you can manufacture and process parts that have the shape of bodies of rotation - legs for stools, door handles, balusters for stairs and much more. It will also allow you to make a hole and cut threads in a wooden workpiece.

Structure of a tabletop wood lathe:

• the frame on which the remaining components are attached;
• the headstock on which the rotating spindle is located;
• rear locking headstock;
• movable thrust bearing.

Important parameters when choosing a lathe:

• dimensions;
• power (you can use it to judge the performance of the selected model);
• spindle rotation speed (the accuracy of processing depends on this, as well as the ability to work with hard wood);
• turning diameter (indicates the permissible diameter of the workpiece);
• turning length (permissible workpiece length);
• the presence of a speed controller (cheap and old models may not have it)
• type of speed control: smooth or stepped.

For small-scale household work, a mini-machine with a power of up to 500 W is quite suitable; for regular large-scale work, a unit with a power of about 1000 W would be preferable; anything larger is a model for industrial production.

Small wood lathes process parts with parameters about half a meter in length and about 25 cm in diameter.

As for the type of speed control, it is better to give preference to smooth. With step control, the speed is fixed at each selected value. Smooth adjustment allows you to change the pace of work without jerking.

In floor-standing models, the material from which the frame is made is important. The heavy cast iron base avoids vibration during operation of the machine. However, some manufacturers do this important detail made of aluminum.

Standard or all-inclusive?

Before you buy a lathe for working with wood, carefully read the instructions. It should contain information about what is included as standard on the model.

The machine can be equipped with a copier. It controls the movements of the cutter, directing it along a given path. Installing this additional element will allow you to create a large number of similar parts.

The manufacturer can also add reverse to the machine. It allows you to grind workpieces along a “back and forth” trajectory, which also makes it easier to turn parts of the desired shape.

Many modern machine models also have a display that shows the spindle speed.

Prices for household machines with all these options start from 10 thousand UAH. The cost of a 750 W unit will start from 30 thousand UAH. A machine with a power of more than 1 kW will cost 50 thousand UAH and more.

All of them are presented in the lines of the most famous manufacturers in this segment - JET and Holzstar.

Not wood alone: ​​metal lathe

When working with a woodworking lathe, the cutting tool is fed manually. For its “metal counterpart” this function is assigned to the machine itself. Otherwise, the principles of their operation are very similar.

Which lathe should I buy for my garage? Metal parts are constantly required to repair a car. Buying a quality, compact, and multi-functional lathe can solve this problem for years to come. But the considerable cost of such equipment for a home auto repair shop makes it necessary to approach its choice responsibly.

How to choose a metal lathe:

Dimensions and weight

To install a large and heavy lathe, you need a strong base. However, the principle “the lighter the better” does not apply. A lightweight machine will vibrate, which will negatively affect the accuracy of the manufactured parts. At the same time, a compact lathe will have a less powerful motor.

Power

For home production of nuts and washers, a machine with a power of up to 1 kW is quite sufficient. Tabletop garage machines most often have a power of 350 W-700 W.

Voltage

Most metal lathes operate on three-phase voltage (380 W).

Maximum processing diameter

It must correspond to the parameters of the workpieces that will be processed on it. But it should be taken into account that an increase in this parameter automatically increases the cost of the machine. For garage needs, a 30-centimeter diameter is sufficient.

Function of automatic movement of the caliper in the longitudinal surface

The support moves the cutting tool along the bed. There are machines on which this manipulation must be done manually. If this option is automated, the processing process is faster and less effort needs to be spent.

This greatly simplifies the processing process.

Material

The machine will serve for a long time and reliably only if its parts are made of hard metal alloys based on tungsten, titanium, and tantalum carbides. The frame can be cast from gray cast iron or welded from low-carbon steel. A welded one will be lighter, but cast iron will more reliably protect the machine from vibration during operation.

Limb division frequency

Everything is simple here: the finer the divisions, the more precise the setting.

Rotation speed adjustment

This function will allow you to set the required rotation speed.

Type of change of direction of cutter movement

There is a lever and through shifting the belt. The first one is more convenient and practical. It is necessary to clarify how the reverse movement of the spindle is ensured on the machine. When processing a workpiece, it is often required that it also move in the opposite direction. Most models have a lever that flips the belt. But there are models where this must be done manually.

Tailstock quill diameter

The tailstock quill of the machine supports the workpiece during processing. The wider and more massive this sleeve is, the less the part is subject to vibration during processing.

engine's type

In appearance, synchronous and asynchronous motors are very similar. The main difference between them is in the design of the rotors. The rotor of an asynchronous electric motor is not fed with current, but the poles on it are induced magnetic field stator. Synchronous is better suited where engine speed must remain the same, regardless of load. As an equipment for a lathe, an asynchronous one works better - it lasts longer.

The best benchtop metal lathe. Examples

Even small table machine, which can easily be placed on a table in the garage, can serve its owner for many years.

An example of such a unit is JET BD-7. Swiss brand, country of origin – Taiwan. This 0.59 kW workstat is capable of processing parts up to 300 millimeters in length. Its weight is 44 kg, and the price is just over 30 thousand UAH.