Concrete floor slabs: weight, thickness, length

In the construction of multi-storey buildings, different materials are used. However, an integral element of any such structure are concrete plates. Floors in houses made of them ensure the reliability and safety of the construction structure. These products are used not only in the construction of houses. Dimensions of concrete floor slabs allow them to be used in the construction of the road network, channels for engineering systems.

Varieties

Concrete are classified according to different criteria. Among them:

Kind of concrete. Plates can be made from dense, light, heavy, silicate compounds.
internal device. Concrete floor slabs are corpulent (solid) or hollow (multi-hollow).
Thickness, width and length. Regulatory parameters are set in GOSTs.
The method of leaning on crossbars or load-bearing walls. Concrete floor slabs can be cantilever (such products are used in the arrangement of peaks and balconies), beam (on both sides), 3-4-sided.
Section profile. According to this criterion, beveled, rectangular, ribbed slabs are divided.
Manufacturing method. Plates are prefabricated and monolithic.
Production technology. Products can be manufactured by vibration, casting, continuous method.
reinforcement method. Plates are prestressed, ordinary, unstressed.

Nuances

It must be said that the cost hollow concrete floor slabs, reinforced with reinforcement, differs significantly from the price of monolithic products. Despite the fact that hollow slabs can withstand less load, they may well be used in the construction of interfloor floors. Due to the voids, the load on the walls is significantly reduced. The foundation of the structure is thus under less stress.

The voids are located length of the concrete floor slab. Moreover, its indicator can not always be greater than the width. For a slab supported on 4 sides, the length is considered to be the smaller plan dimension. In other products, it will be the side that does not lie on the supporting structures.

Reinforcing mesh

It is used in reinforced concrete products. The reinforcing mesh significantly increases the cost of the plates. The solution provides reliable protection to metal rods from the aggressive effects of the environment, so they are not subject to corrosion.

Metal contributes to the preservation of the solidity of concrete. It takes on the tensile load. IN concrete floor slabs no metal fittings. Accordingly, they are inferior to reinforced concrete products in terms of strength.

Monolithic slabs

Reinforced concrete products can have a different shape. Their frame is associated with the structure of the house and is integral with it. Due to this, the consumption of concrete solution is also reduced. The total cost of materials is thus reduced. However, monolithic products have a number of disadvantages. They are as follows:

The period of curing of concrete in such products is quite long.
Formwork installation is required for the installation of monolithic slabs.

Precast concrete and concrete floor slabs significantly reduce the time of construction of the building, as they are delivered to the construction site already in finished form. In addition, there are significant labor savings. For houses of a simple configuration, it is more expedient to use prefabricated slabs.

The specifics of the use of metal rods

Concrete floor slabs with stressed reinforcement, they are produced single- or staggered-stressed. Before concreting, the rods are stretched on different structures: matrices, bench stops, molding pallets.

When gaining strength, forces are transferred to the solution from the reinforcement located in the channels in the body of the structure or in the grooves located on the outside.

Adhesion of materials is provided by an injected anti-corrosion coating or solution. are made heavily reinforced, regardless of their size.

Full-bodied products

Solid slabs used for interfloor ceilings are produced in accordance with GOST 12767-94.

It is worth saying that such products are used in housing construction extremely rarely, due to their large weight. Such plates are indispensable when high mechanical loads are expected in the structure.

Parameters

The classification of solid slabs is carried out according to the method of support:

On 2 sides - 2PD - 6PD.
On 3 sides - 3 PT - 6 PT.
On 4 sides - 1P - 6P.

Thickness of concrete floor slab indicated in the digital marking:

100 mm - 1;
120 mm - 2;
140 mm - 3;
160 mm - 4;
180 mm - 5;
200 mm - 6.

The dimensions of the products in the plan are:

Length - 3-6.6 m;
Width - 1.2-6.6 m.

Mandatory requirements

According to the state standard, reinforced concrete slabs must contain:

Structural elements or embedded parts made in the form of rebar outlets. They are designed for docking with metal and reinforced concrete parts of the frame.
through channels. They are used to pass electrical wires or other networks.
Mounting loops.

The standards establish normative indicators of frost resistance and water resistance of plates, quality and strength of materials, including metal rods. There should be no concrete overflows on the embedded elements. Rod outlets must be protected to prevent injury.

Attention is also paid to the appearance of products. On the surface of the plate there should be no chips, cracks, deep sinks.

Hollow products

They are distinguished by high noise insulation, low thermal conductivity, relatively low weight and affordable cost. Both surfaces of the plate are front. During installation, one becomes the floor of the upper floor, the second - the ceiling of the lower.

The manufacture of such plates is carried out according to the standards of GOST 9561-91. The state standard provides for the classification of products into the following groups:

With round voids, supported on 2 sides - PC, on 3 sides - PKT, on 4 - PKK.
Manufactured by formless continuous molding - PB.
With pear-shaped voids supported on 2 sides - PG.

The thickness of multi-hollow products is 160-300 mm. The most popular is the size of 220 mm. Holes can be of different diameters (114-203 mm). It depends on the thickness of the plate. The length of the products is 2.4-12 m, the width is 1-6.6 m.

In these slabs, as in hollow ones, the additional elements described above must be present. To strengthen the ends, they are sealed with cement mortar or another method provided for by the standards is used.

Ribbed slabs

They are commonly used in the construction of industrial buildings. provide high resistance to mechanical damage. The disadvantage of such products is an unattractive appearance.

Depending on the purpose, the plates can be mounted with ribs up or down. As a rule, the second option is common. Plates are made in accordance with GOSTs. For products with a height of 400 mm, the State Standard 27215-87 applies, for prestressed products with a height of 300 mm - standard 21506-87.

For the production of ribbed slabs, light or heavy concrete can be used. Products apply:

In unheated and heated rooms, outdoors.
At temperatures from -40 to +50 degrees. If additional requirements are met, the temperature range can be extended.
In areas with estimated seismicity up to 9 points.
In a gaseous low, medium or non-aggressive environment.

The classification of ribbed slabs is carried out depending on the method of support on the crossbars:

On the shelves - 1P.
On the top of the beam - 2P.

At the same time, 1P plates have 8 standard sizes, and 2P - one. The length of products in the first case is 5.05 and 5.55, and the width varies from 0.74 to 2.985 m. Ribbed plates 2P have a standard size of 5.95x1.485 meters.

Prestressed products are available in three sizes. They differ in shape and width. All have a standard length of 5.65 meters. Width P1 - 2.985, P2 - 1.485, P3 - 0.935 meters.

The technical normative documentation defines the requirements for reinforcing bars, concrete and finished products in general. In addition, possible tolerances are indicated. Manufacturers of concrete slabs must strictly comply with all requirements.

Conclusion

Concrete slabs are currently considered one of the most sought after building materials. Manufactured at the factory according to all the rules and in accordance with the standards, they are reliable, durable, safe. They are successfully used not only for the construction of apartment buildings and industrial buildings. Concrete slabs are often used in the construction of low-rise private houses.

Concrete slabs can be used at low temperatures, in harsh climatic conditions. One of their undoubted advantages is ease of installation. Prefabricated slabs are mounted quickly enough with relatively little labor. Their size makes it possible to cover fairly large areas of the structure in a short time. Difficulties may arise with the delivery of material to the construction site. For transportation, special vehicles with a high carrying capacity are used. To improve the quality, strength and reliability of products during production, special mixtures are added to the concrete solution.