Installation of gas heating in a private house. Gas heating of a private home: how to save on fuel and not sacrifice comfort

Heating of residential buildings with systems that use gas has proven to be highly effective; the equipment is safe to operate, generates thermal energy and has high efficiency. There are several ways to organize the heating of a private house running on gas; budget solutions are economical, practical and stable.

Gas main or gas tank

Gas heating schemes in a private house are different: blue fuel can come from the main pipeline, liquefied gas cylinders or from a gas holder.

A gas mixture is supplied through pipes to the private sector, the main component of which is methane, the liquefied analogue is a propane-butane mixture, the pressure in the cylinders is from 15 to 18 atmospheres.

A gas heating system designed to use liquefied gas is not a convenient solution. Cylinder containers with a volume of 50 liters will need to be changed after 2 or 3 days in winter; it is better to use a gas holder with a volume of 20 cubic meters.

To select the correct cubic capacity of the container, you need to take into account the level of consumption, exactly how much blue fuel is needed to heat a house, a hot water boiler, or a gas stove with a fireplace.

So, for a country cottage with an area of ​​150 m2, a gas holder with a volume of 2 or 3 thousand liters is needed. If the area of ​​the mansion is 300 m2 or more, then a model with 8 or 9 thousand liters is suitable.

The most advantageous option remains the option of connecting to the main gas pipeline, but this can only be done if locality gasified However, in some cases, installing a gas holder is cheaper for land owners when the village is located at a great distance from the gas main.

Choosing a gas boiler

If the homeowner has chosen an autonomous gas heating option, he will need to buy the appropriate boiler model. There is equipment on sale designed to use natural gas supplied from the main pipeline. However, most models are capable of burning both types of blue fuel; in any case, check this question when purchasing.

Modern manufacturers offer consumers various types of gas generators, equipped with a variety of automatic systems and capable of operating in different modes.

A gas boiler for heating a private house is installed in various ways:

• on the wall;
• on the floor.

Wall-mounted models are more compact in size, but their power ratings have limitations. The photo of gas heating shows that mounted boilers are installed in country houses, and floor-standing units are installed in large mansions.

The operating principle of the equipment is simple:

• Blue fuel is ignited in the burner using electric ignition or a piezoelectric element.
• When gas burns, thermal energy is released, which enters the heat exchanger.
• Heat is transferred to water, which is used as a coolant in the heating system.

The heat exchanger of the equipment is made of stainless steel, cast iron or copper; it is preferable to choose a gas boiler for heating with a cast iron heat exchanger: it is not susceptible to corrosion, however, manufacturers produce such models only in a floor-standing version.

Boiler selection – single-circuit/double-circuit

The number of circuits of a water heating boiler affects the piping scheme, which determines the principle of use.

If hot water is required for domestic needs, it is better to purchase a storage boiler; keep in mind that the flow model consumes more gas.

The single-circuit model is intended exclusively for heating, the double-circuit model is intended for the production of hot water and heating.

A double-circuit heating boiler has 2 circuits with a heat exchanger, both circuits operate independently of each other.

Combustion chamber selection

The gas will burn completely when oxygen is constantly supplied to the furnace from the room where the equipment is installed or from the street.

Gas boiler chambers are divided into 2 categories:

• closed. The flow of oxygen is ensured thanks to the gap that exists between paired pipes of different diameters; combustion products are removed through an internal channel.
• open. Air replenishment occurs as a result of the operation of the heating unit, and combustion products are removed through the smoke duct.

For gas boiler with an open combustion chamber, you will need to purchase and install a chimney pipe 5 or 6 m high in order to create a sufficiently powerful draft to ensure the flow of oxygen in the required volume.

Distinctive characteristics of condensing equipment

In condensing models, the steam generated during gas combustion gives off heat to the water, causing the temperature of the coolant to increase.

The spent condensate, which is actually a weakly concentrated acid, is discharged into the sewer system.

Photo of gas heating in a private house

To solve the issue of gas heating in a private home, you need to decide on the source of gas supply: connecting to a gas main or using liquefied bottled gas. The second task is to do: install a gas boiler, convector, or both. Now we will analyze all the components of this task in detail.

Connection to the gas main

It is possible to connect to an existing pipeline if a gas pipeline is nearby. To do this, turn to specialists. Gas is a deservedly popular fuel, environmentally friendly, but if handled incorrectly it can be dangerous. Therefore, they turn to gas workers, create a project for gasification of the house, where a diagram of the distribution of gas pipes and location is applied to the house plan. The situational plan shows the location of the tie-in into the existing gas pipeline and the supply of gas pipes to the house. The specification indicates all materials and in what quantities they are needed to complete the gasification specified in the project. IN explanatory note describes the necessary safety actions.

The underground part of the gas pipeline is made of. Overhead gas pipeline made of electric-welded pipes.

If there is a gas distribution substation, it receives main gas and reduces the pressure in the pipes that lead gas to residential buildings. Now they often use another method of lowering the pressure of gas flowing into homes. Gas distribution substations are not being built, which reduces the cost of gasification, for example, of villages. The main gas flows through the streets at medium pressure, and when the gas pipeline enters the territory of a household, a reducer is installed that reduces the pressure in the pipe to low pressure.

For the owner of a house that is being gasified, it matters which heating device he chooses. Read about it separately.

a) Heating device: boiler

If the household will be heated using, then it is necessary to install steam heating in the house. The design must provide for a sufficient slope of the heating pipes so that the system is gravity-flowing and warms up well; the movement of water in the system can be forced by installing a pump.

The boiler power is determined by the heated area and heat losses of the household, and a thermal engineering calculation is performed. Can be done based on the volume of water in the system.

Gas heating boilers are:

• floor,
• wall-mounted

Floor standing boiler installed in a small room - a furnace room. The combustion products are removed through the chimney. The furnace room provides for natural and supply and exhaust air. A window is made in the room. The door to the furnace room is cut by 3 cm; the door should open outward. For supply and exhaust ventilation a hood is arranged.

Wall boiler in many ways more convenient and comfortable than floor-mounted. Installed on the wall, does not require much space. Supplied with a pump.

Single-circuit ones provide space heating, double-circuit ones also solve the issue of hot water supply. A wall-mounted boiler is called a “furnace in a box.” For such boilers there is no need to build chimneys or break through the ceiling of the house. Combustion products are forced out through a special pipe in the wall.

The wall-mounted boiler has an electrical connection. This point contains possible disadvantages in operating the boiler. If the light turns off, the boiler will not work. Required good quality supplied electricity.

b) Heating device: convector

A gas convector is a device that resembles a fireplace or a free-standing radiator or heater. have a decorative, neat appearance. There is a large selection on the market from different manufacturers.

Must be in a room with a convector. This is due to the property of gas, when there is a leak, to rise upward and create an accumulation, for example, under the ceiling. When sparked, the gas can explode; it is not for nothing that it is called “explosive”. Leakage is unlikely and is only possible from pipe joints if some processes have occurred there over time. Gas workers call this event reinsurance. The convector is considered a safe device.

Air circulation diagram in a gas convector

Gas convector – has its pros and cons:

+ there is no need for steam heating, which significantly reduces the cost of gasification of households,

+ the convector has such a device that when heating oxygen in the room is not burned, air intake for combustion is done outside the living space,

+ combustion products are removed outside the living space, no additional measures are necessary,

+ the room temperature is easily regulated, the set mode is maintained,

− to install each convector, a hole is punched in the wall,

− Having a convector in a room may cause some inconvenience,

− Through hoods installed in a room with a convector, fresh air enters the room, but also cold during the cool season, so users plug them with something.

The principle of heating with main gas: main gas from the point of connection through the gas pipeline leading to the household is supplied to the furnace room to the boiler, which heats the water in the heating system or the gas pipeline supplies gas to the convectors.

Use of liquefied bottled gas

Heating a home with bottled liquefied gas is one of the types of autonomous heating. Any boiler can be configured to operate on liquefied gas; the burners are replaced. When choosing a boiler, you should pay attention to the minimum pressure at which it can continue to operate. This will help the boiler to consume the gas from the cylinder as much as possible. Convectors can be used to operate on liquefied gas, this is one of their advantages.

If main gas is not available, you can heat with liquefied gas. For the device you will need: cylinders, combs and reducers, hoses.

Device principle

Cylinders are combined into a group - usually from three to ten.

In a house with an area of ​​120 square meters, with heat loss measures taken: fiberglass windows, no drafts, cracks sealed, the house is insulated, approximately 12 kg of gas will be consumed per day for heating, which means that 8-10 fifty-liter cylinders will be required per month.

A cylinder or group of cylinders is placed outside the living space, the gas from them is supplied through a small gas pipeline to the boiler room where the boiler is located or directly to the convectors.

A more modern method of heating with liquefied gas using special tanks - gas holders. Gas tanks are placed above the ground or underground. You will need: gas pressure regulators, relief valves and safety shut-off valves, shut-off valves, instrumentation, pipelines, gas tanks. A gas pipeline is installed from the gas tank to the boiler room (furnace) or to the convectors. The gas tank is located at a distance of at least ten meters from the house.

Now many people want to install economical gas heating in their private home. It allows you to significantly save on heating rooms in winter and heating water. Despite all the apparent complexity, this can be done independently. But since gas does not tolerate the hands of unprofessionals and inept approaches, it is worth knowing all the nuances of installing such heating. Let's figure out how to arrange gas heating for your private home with your own hands (a video with detailed comments on the topic will help you understand all the nuances).

Reasons for the popularity of gas

Gas heating in a private home, done with your own hands or through the efforts of professionals, in any case remains the cheapest type of heating. 1 kilowatt/hour of heat obtained in this way will cost the user 20-30 kopecks. Solid fuel is 2 times more expensive.
Attention! If you use liquefied bottled gas, heating will cost 7-8 times more than when using mains gas.

Installing a gas boiler in your private home has a number of other advantages:

- no soot or other combustion products in living rooms, which often accompanies the use of solid fuel (coal, firewood);
— you can regulate the gas supply and, thanks to the gas boiler thermostat, maintain the desired temperature;
- the gas combustion temperature is lower than that of the same coal, and this is good from a safety point of view (especially in a wooden structure).

Even if you do the gas heating of a private house with your own hands, you must do everything strictly according to the rules, in compliance with all standards. You can learn about all the requirements and standards from the video.

Gas heating and its varieties

There are only 2 types of gas heating appliances. These are actually boilers and convectors. Most often, a boiler is installed in a private house. It uses combustion gas to heat water. It distributes heat to all heating devices that are available in a private house.
These include ordinary radiators, registers, etc. The video describes in detail the principle of operation of a gas boiler, features that you should always pay attention to when purchasing it in a store, as well as installation in a private home.

To install gas heating with your own hands, you will need not only the boiler itself, but also special PVC pipes and elements for connecting them.

Single or double circuit?

There are 1- or 2-circuit boilers. You should choose the type of equipment based on your own needs. If you only need to connect heating, a single-circuit one will do. The volume of coolant in it always remains unchanged. But if, along with heating, you are also interested in heating water for showers and kitchen needs, you should install a dual-circuit device.

In the 2-circuit boiler system there is an additional circuit, an economizer (photo above). It is necessary to heat water for all kinds of household needs (bathing, washing dishes, etc.). There are only 2 options: either a plate heater or a tank with a separate thermostat. In the additional heat exchanger, condensation of residual heat occurs, which is obtained due to the combustion of gas in the main heat exchanger.

These systems (convective heat exchangers!) often frighten users precisely because of condensation. Not only water vapor, but also dangerous acids can accumulate in it. Maintaining a stable high temperature(its minimum value is +60°C).

This kind of heating is not suitable if the house has heated floors and the owner wants to heat them with gas as well. The water floor will heat up too much and directly burn the feet of the people living in the house. For a condensing gas boiler, on the contrary, a lower temperature is needed. They can just be used to heat water for underfloor heating systems.

Natural craving or forced?

Sometimes natural air circulation is installed together with a gas boiler. The boiler system draws air from the room into an open gas burner. Gas combustion products are discharged to ventilation. When forced circulation of the boiler, air is specially pumped from the street. A special air vent should be made for gas combustion products.

Attention: even if you install a gas boiler of any type yourself, only gas workers should connect it!

The difference between devices with natural and forced air draft is that the first version of the boiler needs to be installed only in a separate boiler room. Please note that it is equipped in accordance with strictly regulated standards. The room must have certain parameters:

- height and width of the walls, not less than the specified standards;
- the presence of an exhaust ventilation duct and at least a small window that goes directly onto the street.

In contrast, a forced draft boiler can be installed directly in a residential area. For example, the boiler can be placed in the kitchen. An example is in the video.

Installation of a gas convector

Gas convectors release heat directly into the air of the living room because they do not have a so-called intermediate coolant. They are suitable if there is no main gas. To install a convector, you do not need a separate room for the boiler room. You can start gas convectors yourself, without the personal presence of gas workers.

But there is also an undoubted disadvantage - uneven distribution of heat in the room. It will be cold at floor level, but very hot right at the ceiling. In addition, you will either have to install a gas cylinder in each room, or make a special wiring for gas pipes. But if there is no other choice, you can install convector heating. This equipment itself will not cost much more than a conventional gas boiler.

These are the main nuances of choosing gas equipment and installing this heating. All comments on pipe layout and connection, as well as compliance with fire safety standards, are described in the video. This material will help you connect gas heating in your house with your own hands, survive the winter warmly and save significantly on monthly utility bills.

Properly organizing home heating is not an easy task. It is clear that specialists - designers and installers - can handle it best. It is possible and necessary to involve them in the process, but in what capacity is up to you, the owner of the house, to determine. There are three options: hired people perform the entire range of activities or part of these works, or act as consultants, and you do the heating yourself.

Regardless of which heating option is chosen, you need to have a good understanding of all stages of the process. This material is a step-by-step guide to action. Its goal is to help you solve the problem of installing heating yourself or competently supervise hired specialists and installers.

Heating system elements

In the vast majority of cases, private residential buildings are heated with water heating systems. This is a traditional approach to solving the issue, which has an undeniable advantage - universality. That is, heat is delivered to all rooms using a coolant, and it can be heated using various energy carriers. We will consider their list further when choosing a boiler.

Water systems also make it possible to organize combined heating using two or even three types of energy carriers.

Any heating system, where the coolant serves as the transfer link, is divided into the following components:

• heat source;
• pipeline network with all additional equipment and fittings;
• heating devices (radiators or heating circuits for underfloor heating).

For the purpose of processing and regulating the coolant, as well as performing maintenance work in heating systems, additional equipment and shut-off and control valves are used. The equipment includes the following items:

• expansion tank;
• circulation pump;
• hydraulic separator (hydraulic arrow);
• buffer capacity;
• distribution manifold;
• indirect heating boiler;
• devices and automation equipment.

Note. A mandatory attribute of a water heating system is an expansion tank; other equipment is installed as needed.

It is well known that when heated, water expands, and in a confined space there is nowhere for its additional volume to go. To avoid disconnecting connections from high blood pressure An open or membrane type expansion tank is installed in the network. She takes in excess water.

Forced circulation of the coolant is provided by a pump, and if there are several circuits separated by a hydraulic arrow or a buffer tank, 2 or more pumping units are used. As for the buffer tank, it works simultaneously as a hydraulic separator and a heat accumulator. Separating the boiler circulation circuit from all others is practiced in complex systems of cottages with several floors.

Collectors for coolant distribution are installed in heating systems with heated floors or in cases where a radial battery connection scheme is used, we will discuss this in the following sections. An indirect heating boiler is a tank with a coil where water for domestic hot water needs is heated from the coolant. To visually monitor the temperature and pressure of water in the system, thermometers and pressure gauges are installed. Automation tools (sensors, thermostats, controllers, servos) not only control the parameters of the coolant, but also regulate them automatically.

Shut-off valves

In addition to the equipment listed, the water heating of the house is controlled and maintained using shut-off and control valves shown in the table:

Once you have become familiar with what elements the heating system consists of, you can proceed to the first step towards the goal - calculations.

Calculation of the heating system and selection of boiler power

It is impossible to select equipment without knowing the amount of thermal energy required to heat the building. It can be determined in two ways: simple approximate and calculated. All sellers of heating equipment like to use the first method, since it is quite simple and gives a more or less correct result. This is a calculation of thermal power based on the area of ​​heated premises.

They take a separate room, measure its area and multiply the resulting value by 100 W. The energy required for the entire country house is determined by summing up the indicators for all rooms. We suggest a more accurate method:

• by 100 W, multiply the area of ​​those premises where only 1 wall, on which there is 1 window, is in contact with the street;
• if the room is a corner one with one window, then its area must be multiplied by 120 W;
• when a room has 2 external walls with 2 or more windows, its area is multiplied by 130 W.

If we consider power as an approximate method, then residents of the northern regions of the Russian Federation may not receive enough heat, and residents of the south of Ukraine may overpay for equipment that is too powerful. Using the second, calculation method, heating design is carried out by specialists. It is more accurate, as it gives a clear understanding of how much heat is lost through the building structures of any building.

Before you begin the calculations, you need to measure the house, finding out the area of ​​the walls, windows and doors. Then you need to determine the thickness of the layer of each building material from which the walls, floors and roofs are built. For all materials in the reference literature or on the Internet, you should find the value of thermal conductivity λ, expressed in units of W/(m ºС). We substitute it into the formula for calculating the thermal resistance R (m2 ºС / W):

R = δ / λ, here δ is the thickness of the wall material in meters.

Note. When a wall or roof is made of different materials, then it is necessary to calculate the R value for each layer, and then summarize the results.

Now you can find out the amount of heat lost through the external building structure using the formula:

• QTP = 1/R x (tв – tн) x S, where:
• QТП – lost amount of heat, W;
• S is the previously measured area building structure, m2;
• tв – here you need to substitute the value of the desired internal temperature, ºС;
• tн – street temperature in the coldest period, ºС.

Important! The calculation should be made for each room separately, alternately substituting into the formula the values ​​of thermal resistance and area for the external wall, window, door, floors and roof. Then all these results must be summed up, this will be the heat loss of the given room. Squares internal partitions no need to take into account!

Heat consumption for ventilation

To find out how much heat is lost a private house in general, we must add up the losses of all his rooms. But that’s not all, because we must also take into account the heating of the ventilation air, which is also provided by the heating system. In order not to go into the jungle of complex calculations, it is proposed to find out this heat consumption using a simple formula:

Qair = cm (tв – tн), where:

• Qair – required amount of heat for ventilation, W;
• m – amount of air by mass, defined as the internal volume of the building multiplied by the density of the air mixture, kg;
• (tв – tн) – as in the previous formula;
• с – heat capacity of air masses, is taken equal to 0.28 W / (kg ºС).

To determine the heat demand for the entire building, it remains to add the value of QTP for the house as a whole with the value of Qair. The boiler power is taken with a reserve for the optimal operating mode, that is, with a coefficient of 1.3. Here you need to take into account an important point: if you plan to use a heat generator not only for heating, but also for heating water for domestic hot water supply, then the power reserve must be increased. The boiler must operate effectively in 2 directions at once, and therefore the safety factor must be taken at least 1.5.

On this moment exist different kinds heating, characterized by the energy carrier or type of fuel used. Which one to choose is up to you, and we will present all types of boilers with brief description their pros and cons. To heat residential buildings, you can purchase the following types of household heat generators:

• solid fuel;
• gas;
• electrical;
• on liquid fuel.

The following video will help you choose an energy carrier, and then a heat source:

Solid fuel boilers

They are divided into 3 types: direct combustion, pyrolysis and pellet. The units are popular due to their low operating costs, because compared to other energy sources, firewood and coal are inexpensive. The exception is natural gas in the Russian Federation, but connecting to it is often more expensive than all the heating equipment including installation. Therefore, wood and coal boilers, which have an acceptable cost, are being purchased by people more and more often.

On the other hand, operating a solid fuel heat source is very similar to simple stove heating. You need to spend time and effort to prepare, carry firewood and load it into the firebox. The unit also requires serious piping to ensure its long-lasting and safe operation. After all, a conventional solid fuel boiler is characterized by inertia, that is, after closing the air damper, the heating of water does not stop immediately. A efficient use generated energy is possible only with a heat accumulator.

Important. Boilers that burn solid fuels generally cannot boast of high efficiency. Traditional direct combustion units have an efficiency of about 75%, pyrolysis units - 80%, and pellet units - no more than 83%.

The best choice in terms of comfort is a pellet heat generator, characterized by a high level of automation and virtually no inertia. It does not require a heat accumulator and frequent trips to the boiler room. But the price of equipment and pellets often makes it inaccessible to a wide range of users.

Gas boilers

An excellent option is to install heating that operates on main gas. In general, hot water gas boilers are very reliable and efficient. The efficiency of the simplest energy-independent unit is at least 87%, and the efficiency of an expensive condensing unit is up to 97%. The heaters are compact, well automated and safe to operate. Maintenance is required no more than once a year, and trips to the boiler room are needed only to monitor or change settings. A budget unit will be much cheaper than a solid fuel unit, so gas boilers can be considered generally available.

Just like solid fuel heat generators, gas boilers require a chimney and supply and exhaust ventilation. Regarding other countries former USSR, then the cost of fuel there is much higher than in the Russian Federation, which is why the popularity of gas equipment is steadily declining.

Electric boilers

I must say that electric heating- the most effective of all existing ones. Not only are the efficiency of boilers about 99%, but in addition they do not require chimneys or ventilation. There is practically no maintenance of the units as such, except for cleaning once every 2-3 years. And most importantly: equipment and installation are very cheap, and the degree of automation can be any. The boiler simply does not need your attention.

No matter how pleasant the advantages of an electric boiler are, the main disadvantage is just as significant - the price of electricity. Even if you use a multi-tariff electricity meter, you will not be able to beat a wood-burning heat generator in terms of this indicator. This is the price to pay for comfort, reliability and high efficiency. Well, the second disadvantage is the lack of the necessary electrical power on the supply networks. Such an annoying nuisance can immediately cancel out all thoughts about electric heating.

Liquid fuel boilers

In terms of the cost of heating equipment and its installation, heating with waste oil or diesel fuel will cost approximately the same as with natural gas. Their efficiency indicators are also similar, although the processing, for obvious reasons, is somewhat inferior. Another thing is that this type of heating can easily be called the dirtiest. Any visit to the boiler room will end with at least the smell of diesel fuel or dirty hands. And the annual cleaning of the unit is a whole event, after which you will be smeared with soot up to your waist.

Using diesel fuel for heating is not the most profitable solution; the price of fuel can hit your pocket hard. Used oil has also risen in price, unless you have some cheap source. This means that it makes sense to install a diesel boiler when there are no other energy sources or, in the future, a main gas supply. The unit easily switches from diesel fuel to gas, but the exhaust furnace will not be able to burn methane.

Heating system diagrams for a private home

Heating systems sold in private housing construction can be single-pipe or double-pipe. It's easy to distinguish them:

• according to a single-pipe scheme, all radiators are connected to one collector. It is both a supply and a return, passing by all the batteries in the form of a closed ring;
• in a two-pipe scheme, the coolant is supplied to the radiators through one pipe and returned through the other.

Choosing a heating system layout for a private home is not an easy task; consultation with a specialist will certainly not hurt. We will not sin against the truth if we say that the two-pipe scheme is more progressive and reliable than the one-pipe one. Contrary to popular belief about the low installation costs when installing the latter, we note that it is not only more expensive than a two-pipe one, but also more complex. This topic is covered in great detail in the video:

The fact is that in a single-pipe system, the water from radiator to radiator cools more and more, so it is necessary to increase their capacity by adding sections. In addition, the distribution manifold must have a larger diameter than the two-pipe distribution lines. And the last thing: automatic control with a single-pipe circuit it is difficult due to the mutual influence of the batteries on each other.

In a small house or dacha with up to 5 radiators, you can safely implement a single-pipe horizontal circuit (common name - Leningradka). With a larger number of heating devices, it will not be able to function normally, because the last radiators will be cold.

Another option is to use single-pipe vertical risers in a two-story private house. Such schemes occur quite often and work successfully.

With a two-pipe distribution, the coolant is delivered to all radiators at the same temperature, so there is no need to increase the number of sections. Dividing the lines into supply and return makes it possible to automatically control the operation of the batteries using thermostatic valves.

The diameters of the pipelines are smaller, and the system as a whole is simpler. There are the following types of two-pipe schemes:

dead-end: the pipeline network is divided into branches (arms), through which the coolant moves along the highways towards each other;

associated two-pipe system: here the return manifold is, as it were, a continuation of the supply, and the entire coolant flows in one direction, the circuit forms a ring;

collector (radial). The most expensive wiring method: pipelines from the collector are laid separately to each radiator, the installation method is hidden, in the floor.

If you take horizontal lines of larger diameter and lay them with a slope of 3-5 mm per 1 m, then the system will be able to work due to gravity (by gravity). Then a circulation pump is not needed, the circuit will be non-volatile. To be fair, we note that both single-pipe and two-pipe wiring can function without a pump. If only conditions were created for natural water circulation.

The heating system can be made open by installing an expansion tank at the highest point, communicating with the atmosphere. This solution is used in gravity networks, otherwise it cannot be done there. If you install a membrane-type expansion tank on the return line near the boiler, the system will be closed and operate under excess pressure. This is a more modern option, which finds its application in networks with forced movement of coolant.

It is impossible not to mention the method of heating a house with warm floors. Its disadvantage is that it is expensive, since you will need to lay hundreds of meters of pipes in a screed, resulting in a heating water circuit in each room. The ends of the pipes converge towards distribution manifold with mixing unit and its own circulation pump. An important advantage is the economical, uniform heating of rooms, which is very comfortable for people. Underfloor heating circuits are clearly recommended for use in any residential buildings.

Advice. The owner of a small house (up to 150 m2) can safely recommend adopting a conventional two-pipe circuit with forced circulation of coolant. Then the diameters of the mains will be no more than 25 mm, the branches - 20 mm, and the connections to the batteries - 15 mm.

Heating system installation

Description installation work We will start with installing and piping the boiler. In accordance with the rules, units whose power does not exceed 60 kW can be installed in the kitchen. More powerful heat generators should be located in the boiler room. Moreover, for heat sources that burn different types fuel and having an open combustion chamber, it is necessary to ensure a good air flow. A chimney device is also required to remove combustion products.

For natural water movement, it is recommended to install the boiler in such a way that its return pipe is below the level of the ground floor radiators.

The location where the heat generator will be located must be selected taking into account the minimum permissible distances to walls or other equipment. Typically these intervals are specified in the manual supplied with the product. If this data is not available, then we adhere to the following rules:

• passage width on the front side of the boiler is 1 m;
• if there is no need to service the unit from the side or rear, then leave a gap of 0.7 m, in otherwise– 1.5 m;
• distance to the nearest equipment – ​​0.7 m;
• when placing two boilers next to each other, a passage of 1 m is maintained between them, and opposite each other - 2 m.

Note. When installing wall-mounted heat sources, side passages are not needed; you only need to maintain clearance in front of the unit for ease of maintenance.

Boiler connection

It should be noted that the wiring of gas, diesel and electric heat generators is almost the same. Here we must take into account that the vast majority of wall-mounted boilers are equipped with a built-in circulation pump, and many models are equipped with an expansion tank. First, let's look at the connection diagram for a simple gas or diesel unit:

The figure shows a diagram of a closed system with a membrane expansion tank and forced circulation. This tying method is the most common. The pump with a bypass line and a sump tank is located on the return line, and there is also an expansion tank there. The pressure is controlled using pressure gauges, and air is removed from the boiler circuit through an automatic air vent.

Note. Piping an electric boiler that is not equipped with a pump is carried out according to the same principle.

When the heat generator is equipped with its own pump, as well as a circuit for heating water for domestic hot water needs, the pipe layout and installation of elements is as follows:

Shown here is a wall-mounted boiler with forced air injection into a closed combustion chamber. To remove flue gases, a double-walled coaxial flue is used, which is led out horizontally through the wall. If the firebox of the unit is open, then you need a traditional chimney with good natural draft. How to properly install a chimney pipe made of sandwich modules is shown in the figure:

In country houses with a large area, it is often necessary to connect a boiler with several heating circuits - a radiator, heated floors and an indirect heating boiler for DHW needs. In such a situation, the optimal solution would be to use a hydraulic separator. It will allow you to organize independent circulation of coolant in the boiler circuit and at the same time serve as a distribution comb for the remaining branches. Then circuit diagram heating of a two-story house will look like this:

According to this scheme, each heating circuit has its own pump, thanks to which it operates independently of the others. Since coolant with a temperature of no more than 45 ° C should be supplied to heated floors, three-way valves are used on these branches. They mix hot water from the main line when the temperature of the coolant in the heated floor circuits decreases.

With solid fuel heat generators the situation is more complicated. Their strapping should take into account 2 points:

• possible overheating due to the inertia of the unit; the firewood cannot be extinguished quickly;
• condensation formation upon entering the boiler tank cold water from the network.

To avoid overheating and possible boiling, the circulation pump is always placed on the return side, and on the supply side there should be a safety group located immediately behind the heat generator. It consists of three elements: a pressure gauge, an automatic air vent and a safety valve. The presence of the latter is crucial; it is the valve that will relieve excess pressure when the coolant overheats. If you decide to organize, then the following strapping diagram is required:

Here, a bypass and a three-way valve protect the furnace of the unit from condensation. The valve will not allow water from the system into the small circuit until the temperature in it reaches 55 °C. Detailed information on this issue can be obtained by watching the video:

Advice. Solid fuel boilers Due to the nature of the operation, it is recommended to use it in conjunction with a buffer tank - a heat accumulator, as shown in the diagram:

Many homeowners install two fireboxes in the furnace room. different sources heat. They must be properly tied and connected to the system. For this case, we offer 2 schemes, one of them is for a solid fuel and an electric boiler working together with radiator heating.

The second scheme combines a gas and wood heat generator, supplying heat to heat the house and prepare water for hot water supply:

To install the heating of a private house with your own hands, you first need to decide which pipes to choose for this. The modern market offers several types of metal and polymer pipes suitable for heating private homes:

• steel;
• copper;
• stainless steel;
• polypropylene (PPR);
• polyethylene (PEX, PE-RT);
• metal-plastic.

Heating lines made of ordinary “ferrous” metal are considered a relic of the past, since they are most susceptible to corrosion and “overgrowth” of the flow area. In addition, it is not easy to independently install such pipes: you need good welding skills to make a hermetically sealed joint. However, some homeowners still use steel pipes to this day when they install autonomous heating at home.

Copper or stainless steel pipes- an excellent choice, but too expensive. These are reliable and durable materials that are not afraid of high pressure and temperature, so if you have the means, these products are definitely recommended for use. Copper is joined by soldering, which also requires some skills, and stainless steel is joined using dismountable or press fittings. Preference should be given to the latter, especially when the installation is hidden.

Advice. For piping boilers and laying pipelines within the boiler room, it is best to use any type of metal pipes.

Heating made from polypropylene will cost you the cheapest. Of all types of PPR pipes, you need to choose those that are reinforced with aluminum foil or fiberglass. The low price of the material is their only advantage, since installing heating from polypropylene pipes is quite a complex and responsible task. And in appearance, polypropylene is inferior to other plastic products.

The joints of PPR pipelines with fittings are made by soldering, and it is not possible to check their quality. When the heating was insufficient during soldering, the connection will certainly leak later, but if it is overheated, the melted polymer will half block the flow area. Moreover, you won’t be able to see this during assembly; flaws will make themselves known later, during operation. The second significant drawback is the large elongation of the material during heating. To avoid “saber” bends, the pipe must be mounted on movable supports, and a gap must be left between the ends of the line and the wall.

It is much easier to make your own heating from polyethylene or metal plastic pipes. Although the price of these materials is higher than polypropylene. For a beginner, they are the most convenient, since the joints here are made quite simply. Pipelines can be laid in a screed or wall, but with one condition: connections must be made using press fittings, not collapsible ones.

Metal-plastic and polyethylene are used both for open laying of highways and hidden behind any screens, as well as for the installation of water-heated floors. The disadvantage of PEX pipes is that it tends to return to its original state, which can cause the installed heating manifold to appear slightly wavy. PE-RT polyethylene and metal-plastic do not have such a “memory” and easily bend as you need. More information about choosing pipes is described in the video:

An ordinary homeowner, going to a heating equipment store and seeing a wide selection of different radiators there, can conclude that choosing batteries for his home is not so easy. But this is the first impression; in fact, there are not so many varieties of them:

• aluminum;
• bimetallic;
• steel panel and tubular;
• cast iron.

Note. There are also designer water heating devices of the most various types, but they are expensive and deserve a separate detailed description.

Sectional batteries made of aluminum alloy have the best heat transfer rates; bimetallic heaters are not far behind them. The difference between the two is that the former are made entirely of alloy, while the latter have a tubular steel frame inside. This was done for the purpose of using the devices in centralized heat supply systems of high-rise buildings, where the pressure can be quite high. Therefore, installing bimetallic radiators in a private cottage makes no sense at all.

It should be noted that heating installation in a private home will be cheaper if you purchase steel panel radiators. Yes, their heat transfer rates are lower than those of aluminum ones, but in practice you are unlikely to feel the difference. As for reliability and durability, the devices will successfully serve you for at least 20 years, or even more. In turn, tubular batteries are much more expensive, in this respect they are closer to designer ones.

Steel and aluminum heating devices have one useful quality in common: they lend themselves well to automatic control using thermostatic valves. The same cannot be said about massive cast iron batteries, on which it is pointless to install such valves. This is due to the ability of cast iron to heat up for a long time and then retain heat for some time. Also because of this, the rate of heating of the premises is reduced.

If we touch on the issue of appearance aesthetics, then the cast-iron retro radiators currently offered are much more beautiful than any other batteries. But they also cost fabulous amounts of money, and the inexpensive Soviet-style accordions MS-140 are only suitable for a country house. one-story house. From the above, the conclusion suggests itself:

For a private home, buy those heating devices that you like best and are comfortable with in terms of cost. Just take into account their features and choose the right size and thermal power.

Selection by power and methods of connecting radiators

Selection of the number of sections or size panel radiator carried out according to the amount of heat required to heat the room. We have already determined this value at the very beginning; it remains to reveal a couple of nuances. The fact is that the manufacturer indicates the heat transfer of the section for a temperature difference between the coolant and the air in the room equal to 70 °C. To do this, the water in the battery must warm up to at least 90 ° C, which happens very rarely.

It turns out that the real thermal power of the device will be significantly lower than that indicated in the passport, because usually the temperature in the boiler is maintained at 60-70 ° C on the coldest days. Accordingly, for proper heating of the premises, the installation of radiators with at least one and a half heat transfer margin is required. For example, when a room needs 2 kW of heat, you must take heating devices with a capacity of at least 2 x 1.5 = 3 kW.

Indoors, batteries are placed in places of greatest heat loss - under windows or near blank external walls. In this case, connection to highways can be done in several ways:

• lateral one-sided;
• diagonal scalene;
• lower - if the radiator has appropriate pipes.

The lateral connection of the device on one side is most often used when connecting it to risers, and the diagonal connection to horizontally laid highways. These 2 methods allow you to effectively use the entire surface of the battery, which will heat evenly.

When a single-pipe heating system is installed, the lower versatile connection is also used. But then the efficiency of the device decreases, and hence the heat transfer. The difference in surface heating is illustrated in the figure:

There are models of radiators where the design provides for connection of pipes from below. Such devices have internal wiring and, in fact, they have a one-sided side circuit. This can be clearly seen in the figure, where the battery is shown in section.

A lot of useful information You can learn more about choosing heating devices by watching the video:

5 common mistakes during installation

Of course, when installing a heating system, you can make many more than five mistakes, but we will highlight the 5 most egregious ones that can lead to disastrous consequences. Here they are:

• incorrect choice of heat source;
• errors in heat generator piping;
• incorrectly selected heating system;
• careless installation of the pipelines and fittings themselves;
• improper installation and connection of heating devices.

A boiler with insufficient power is one of the typical mistakes. It is allowed when selecting a unit designed not only to heat rooms, but also to prepare water for domestic hot water needs. If you do not take into account the additional power required to heat water, the heat generator will not cope with its functions. As a result, the coolant in the batteries and the water in the hot water system will not heat up to the required temperature.

Parts play not only a functional role, but also serve safety purposes. For example, it is recommended to install the pump on the return pipeline just before the heat generator, in addition to the bypass line. Moreover, the pump shaft must be in a horizontal position. Another mistake is installing a tap in the area between the boiler and the safety group; this is absolutely unacceptable.

Important. When connecting a solid fuel boiler, you cannot place the pump in front of the three-way valve, but only after it (along the coolant flow).

The expansion tank is taken with a volume of 10% of the total amount of water in the system. With an open circuit, it is placed at the highest point; with a closed circuit, it is placed on the return pipeline, in front of the pump. Between them there should be a mud trap mounted in a horizontal position with the plug down. The wall-mounted boiler is connected to the pipelines using American connections.

When the heating system is chosen incorrectly, you risk overpaying for materials and installation, and then incurring additional costs to bring it to fruition. Most often, errors occur when installing single-pipe systems, when they try to “hang” more than 5 radiators on one branch, which then do not heat up. Flaws during the installation of the system include failure to comply with slopes, poor-quality connections and installation of the wrong fittings.

For example, a thermostatic valve or a regular ball valve is placed at the inlet of the radiator, and a balancing valve is installed at the outlet to adjust the heating system. If pipes are installed to radiators in the floor or walls, then they must be insulated so that the coolant does not cool down along the way. When joining polypropylene pipes, you must scrupulously adhere to the heating time with a soldering iron so that the connection is reliable.

Choosing a coolant

It is well known that filtered and, if possible, desalted water is most often used for this purpose. But under certain conditions, for example, periodic heating, water can freeze and destroy the system. Then the latter is filled with a non-freezing liquid - antifreeze. But you should take into account the properties of this liquid and do not forget to remove all regular rubber gaskets from the system. Antifreeze quickly causes them to become limp and leaks occur.

Attention! Not every boiler can work with non-freezing liquid, which is reflected in its technical passport. This must be checked when purchasing it.

As a rule, the system is filled with coolant directly from the water supply through the make-up valve and check valve. During the filling process, air is removed from it through automatic air vents and manual Mayevsky taps. In a closed circuit, pressure is monitored using a pressure gauge. Usually when cold it is in the range of 1.2-1.5 Bar, and during operation it does not exceed 3 Bar. In an open circuit, it is necessary to monitor the water level in the tank and turn off the replenishment when it flows out of the overflow pipe.

Antifreeze is pumped into a closed heating system using a special manual or automatic pump equipped with a pressure gauge. To ensure that the process is not interrupted, the liquid must be prepared in advance in a container of appropriate capacity, from where it must be pumped into the pipeline network. Filling an open system is easier: antifreeze can simply be poured or pumped into the expansion tank.

Conclusion

If you carefully understand all the nuances, it becomes clear that installing a heating system in a private house on your own is quite possible. But you must understand that this will require a lot of time and effort from you, including monitoring the installation if you decide to hire specialists for this.

If you are lucky and your private house or cottage is located next to a gas pipeline, then, without hesitation, install gas heating. More precisely, the heating will be water, but the boiler will be gas. Heating with gas has several undeniable advantages. Let's start with the fact that gas is the cheapest fuel so far. Therefore, the cost of heating a private country house will be small. At least, the maintenance of such a country house will be commensurate with the maintenance of a city apartment. It is better to install gas heating in a private country house by inviting specialists. But it will be quite difficult to do this with your own hands.

Gas is a high-quality and, importantly, environmentally friendly fuel. Gas boilers are durable and easy to use. This heating can be used all year round. Liquefied gas is stored in tanks designed for it - gas tanks.

Accommodation requirements

You need to start by choosing a place to install the gas unit. We take into account that although the boiler is a reliable structure, an emergency exit to the street and a window for ventilating the room must be present. The room in which the boiler will be installed can have a size from 4 to 8 meters square. Ceiling height is at least 2.5 meters. This depends on the size of the boiler. This room is called a boiler room. The boiler room must be made of non-combustible materials. If the house is brick, we only plaster this room and cover it with paint, preferably water-based. If the house is wooden, then the walls must be insulated with non-flammable asbestos sheets, at least 3 mm thick. Or roofing steel. Also, before installing the boiler, it is necessary to make a grounding loop. All these parameters are specified in the instructions for the gas boiler.

Chimney features

The presence of a boiler also implies the presence of a chimney. Only after you have a gas boiler can you build a chimney. It is clear that each gas boiler model has its own connection features. A correctly installed chimney guarantees safe connection and use of the gas unit.

As in any business, chimney installation has its own tricks.

Let's consider the ratio of the internal area of ​​the boiler to the total area of ​​the chimney pipe. The area of ​​the device must be less than the useful cross-section of the pipe area.

The useful area of ​​the pipe can be found by multiplying the length of the chimney by its internal perimeter. If, after all the calculations, it turns out that the boiler area is larger than the chimney area. What to do in this case? Increase the height of the longitudinal dimension of the pipe. In any case, the entire volume of the boiler must fit into the size of the chimney.

Chimney for gas boiler

• In order for you to connect the gas unit without any problems, the diameter of the pipe must match the diameter of the boiler pipe.
• To clean the chimney, there must be holes in it.
• The tip of the chimney that discharges the “used gas” must be cone-shaped.
• In accordance with the requirements for installing gas boilers, the pipes where the combustion elements will pass must have no more than three bends.

It would be preferable to place the chimney on the external wall of a country house. But you can also use it inside a private country house. Each option has its advantages and disadvantages.

Located inside a residential building

No insulation is needed for most of the pipe. Insulation is only necessary on the roof. The chimney may lose its seal and allow carbon monoxide into the rooms. Difficult installation, it is necessary to go through room ceilings, and, possibly, go around inconvenient areas with your own hands. It's difficult to make repairs.

Located outside the living area

Requires enhanced thermal insulation. Will not cause harm in case of malfunction. It is easier to install gas heating. Does not present any difficulties in terms of repairs.

Secrets of installing a gas boiler chimney

Floor and wall

Gas boilers are floor-mounted and wall-mounted. These are units that have an increased degree of danger. It is clear that the gas used in the operation of the boiler is explosive. The operation of the boilers is automatically controlled. If the appliance malfunctions, there is smoke or there is a smell of gas, you must immediately turn off the operating boiler. Turn off the gas valves with your own hands.

Coax pipe

When planning to heat a private country house, you simply need to consider another option for gas units. These are appliances that do not have a chimney. The main advantage of this design is that the structure that we considered a chimney is not needed. The purpose of a chimney in any system is to remove combustion elements. In such structures, this process occurs through a horizontal, coaxial pipe. Waste combustion products come out into the street through the wall. This system works not only for gas removal, but also for air intake. Made from two pipes inserted into each other. One removes gas, the other supplies air. The main disadvantage of such a system is that exhaust gas emissions from the boiler are harmful to health. Therefore, the coaxial pipe should be far from ventilation system, windows and doors of a private house.

Coaxial pipe of a gas boiler

Modern manufacturers produce two types of double-circuit gas boilers without a chimney.

• Parapet gas boilers designed to heat rooms up to 150 square meters.
• Boilers with forced air exhaust for heating large areas.

Combination boiler

Before installing country heating, you need to calculate the power of the boiler room. The low temperatures inherent in our country require increasing the boiler power reserve. When choosing a boiler, make sure that it is designed to operate at low temperatures. Up to – 45 degrees. If you experience interruptions in gas pressure, then in this case you need to choose a boiler that simultaneously runs on liquid fuel or electricity.

Wall-mounted gas boiler combines electric filling

Gas convector for small rooms

And if you live in a small house, far from gas pipes and gas tanks, then you can make gas country heating using convectors. Convectors are attached to the wall in the room that needs to be heated. They run on liquefied gas from cylinders, but can also run on mains gas. The power of convectors depends on the size of the room. In a spacious room you need more power from the unit. Liquefied propane cylinders can be installed with your own hands inside a private country house. But the safest storage place is metal boxes attached to the house.

Advantages of heating with gas convectors

• No installation problems. Convectors are quick and easy to install.
• Convectors do not use water for heating. They don't freeze.
• Do not use electrical power.
• After switching on, the room is heated as quickly as possible.
• They have a high efficiency, resulting in significant savings.
• They have a modern automated temperature control system.
• Convector is an environmentally friendly installation.

Smoke pipes

Having decided on the design of the chimney, you also need to take into account what material the pipes will be made of. In the manufacture of a heating system for a country house, several types of pipes are used, each with different characteristics.

Quite expensive, but at the same time the most commonly used material is polypropylene. To join polypropylene pipes with your own hands, you need special equipment with which these pipes will be soldered. As in any business, you need to have a certain skill to do this. It is better to solder polypropylene pipes with a partner. After heating the pipe, it is necessary to firmly fix the place where the pipe and fitting are welded. Polypropylene pipes It's important not to overheat. Before starting the main work with a material such as polypropylene, we recommend that you carry out several training solderings.

They are frost-resistant.

Before starting all work on heating a private house, you need to draw up a diagram with your own hands and strictly adhere to it.

Heating a country house. Diagram required for installation of the system:

Diagram of a heating system with a floor-standing gas boiler with connection of a heated floor and radiators

In private homes, it is preferable to use a two-pipe heating system. This will allow the heat to be evenly distributed throughout the riser. The meaning of this system is that the coolant is supplied from the central pipe, the collector, to each heating radiator through one pipe. And its discharge is carried out through another pipe. Radiators in such a system are connected in parallel. All this allows each heating device to heat evenly. This system can be used in both single-story and multi-storey buildings. The two-pipe system can be vertical or horizontal. The disadvantage of this system is the high consumption of pipes. But if you want your heating system served for a long time and reliably, and this is probably not worth saving on. Additionally, you can use gas to heat your greenhouse.

If you weigh the pros and cons, you will probably find the best solution to the question: “Which system to choose for heating your home.” Let your home be warm!

domogreev.ru

DIY gas heating. Heating circuit design.

Gas today is the most cost-effective resource for heating a private home. If there is a gas main near your house, assume that you will not find other cheaper options. Most owners of private houses pursue one goal - to achieve the maximum positive effect from the system, spending a minimum of money and effort on its installation and operation. How to do gas heating of a private house with your own hands?

How to choose a gas boiler

It should be noted right away that when we say gas heating, we still mean that the coolant is heated with gas. But water most often acts as a coolant. What parameters are used to choose gas boilers:

1. By power. Boilers low power(up to 65 kW) and medium power (up to 1700 kW) - an ideal choice for the heating system of a private home. Under the Soviet Union, the power of a gas boiler was calculated using the formula 1 kW of power per 10 sq.m. area. However, for greater convenience, you can look at the boiler manufacturer’s website for special calculators for calculating the power of boilers, which take into account the characteristics of the region, the area of ​​the house, the height of the ceilings, the number of floors and other parameters. It is better to add another 20% power on top in case of unforeseen situations.
2. Boilers can be single- or double-circuit. Single-circuit units are used only for heating. If you also need to heat hot water, choose a double-circuit boiler. Immediately determine the need for hot water: if it is no more than 15 liters per minute with a temperature of up to 30C, a compact and convenient flow-type boiler will be a sufficient option. If hot water is needed in full, then the best option would be to buy a boiler with a boiler. The boiler can create a supply of hot water from 50l to 200l.
3. Floor or wall. Floor standing boilers They are distinguished by their large dimensions, are installed on the floor and can easily cope with the largest rooms. Typically, a separate small room is allocated for installing a floor-standing boiler. Modern wall-mounted boilers can cope with heating rooms up to 300 sq.m., are compact in size and can be installed directly in the kitchen on the wall.
4. Burner type. A boiler with an atmospheric burner requires a traditional smoke exhaust system. These models are characterized by low efficiency, but also ease of operation and low cost. Units with a turbocharged burner have an electric turbine in their design for forced ventilation of the combustion chamber. Such systems have higher efficiency and are virtually independent of gas pressure differences.

In addition, when choosing a boiler, you should pay attention to the material from which the heat exchanger is made - cast iron or steel. Cast iron is more durable, but heavier. The ability to regulate power is also important: smooth or two-stage. It is impossible to unequivocally answer which boiler is better without knowledge of specific operating conditions.

Heating circuit design

The heating system can be with natural or forced circulation. In creating a natural system, circulation occurs due to the difference in density of hot and cold water; in a forced system, a pump operates.

An important element in the system is the heating wiring, which comes in two types:

• single-pipe: for small houses with a small number of rooms;
• two-pipe: ideal for regulating temperature in various rooms.

The single-pipe scheme has a significant drawback - the lower radiators heat up worse, and the radiators of a two-story house also heat up unevenly. However, less materials are consumed, and the problem of uneven heating of radiators can be solved by installing a jumper and increasing the number of radiator sections. To circulate the coolant faster, a circulation pump is used. Scheme with natural circulation can be realized if the boiler is placed below the level of the radiators. For normal natural circulation, a natural slope of the pipelines is necessary.

The two-pipe system ensures uniform heating of the radiators, but the costs for materials and installation will be much higher. The system allows you to regulate the heating of individual radiators. If the boiler is located in the basement, the optimal solution would be to install a two-pipe system with natural circulation.

Gas boiler installation

Installation of gas equipment begins with obtaining approvals and permits. Usually they order a project for installing gas equipment and gasifying premises. The project is approved by the gas supply company. In addition, an agreement on the supply of natural gas is concluded. Only after this the system is installed.

To install a gas boiler, a number of requirements have been developed:

• ceiling height from 2 and a half meters;
• convenient layout with unobstructed access to the boiler;
• presence of a gas analyzer;
• Fire resistance of walls is at least 45 minutes.

Gas boilers with a power of less than 60 kW can be installed in any room except living rooms and bathrooms. Double-circuit units cannot be installed in kitchens. Equipment with a power of up to 150 kW can be installed on any floor. More powerful devices are installed in the basement or on the first floor.

If gas equipment is installed in the kitchen, it is necessary to calculate that for 1 kW of boiler power there is at least 0.2 m2 of space. If the kitchen area is combined with the dining room, a gas analyzer is required.

Installation of a floor-standing boiler

A floor-standing boiler requires a reinforced base, a flat floor surface, and a fireproof floor covering. The unit must be at least 10 cm away from the wall. The wall must be covered with fireproof material over the entire area of ​​the device plus another 10 cm around the entire perimeter. Gas burners must be at least 1 m away from the wall surface. A level is used to check the installation is even.

The boiler is connected to the chimney; later it will be connected to the in-house heating system. A hard filter is installed before the return inlet. It is advisable to install shut-off valves on all pipes leading to the unit. The double-circuit boiler will be connected to a cold pipeline.

Installation of a wall-mounted boiler

Before installing the wall-mounted unit, you should wash the internal tubes into which debris may have gotten in during assembly and transportation. The transport plugs are removed from the apparatus and water is passed through it under pressure. Now you can install the unit.

The base wall must be level and strong and covered with a non-flammable gasket on top. The boiler must be mounted so that there is a gap of 4.5 cm between it and the wall. Other equipment must be located at a distance of no less than 20cm from the unit. The outlet must be nearby. The unit is mounted on slats strictly horizontally (check with a level). Then the connection is made to the water supply pipes. Don't forget to remove the plugs from the pipes. Install filters at water inlets.

The gas pipeline is connected to the boiler with a rigid connection through a metal pipe with a paronite gasket. The system should only be connected by a certified technician.

Installation of a two-pipe heating system

After installing the boiler, it must be connected to the expansion tank, which is the most high point system (which is why it is installed in the attic). From the bottom point of the tank, a pipe descends from its side wall to the collector. If the system has a circulation pump, then the collector can be placed anywhere. If natural circulation is installed, the collector must be mounted below the expansion tank. Another pipe is welded into the expansion tank on top to discharge excess coolant into the sewer system.

Pipes are run from the collector to the radiators. A supply circuit is formed. Also, pipes are diverted from the radiators, through which the water that has already given off heat will flow away. Return pipes are also assembled into a circuit connected to the heating boiler. Circulation pump installed in the return circuit. The main difficulty in installing a two-pipe system is the large number of pipes. However, its efficiency is much higher than that of a single-pipe one.

The very last stage of installing a two-pipe CO system is the installation of radiators. Radiators are installed on brackets under the window opening. The number of radiator sections or its length is calculated based on the footage of the room. It is necessary to look at its power in the technical document of the radiator and then apply the following formula for calculation: number of sections = (room area x 100 W) / radiator power. This is for rooms with ceiling heights up to three meters. If the ceiling height is greater, the formula is applied: number of sections = (room area x ceiling height x 40) / radiator power. The number of sections is rounded up.

Radiators are installed exactly in the middle of the window with a permissible deviation of no more than 2 cm. The width of the battery should be 50-75% of the width of the window sill. The distance from the floor should not exceed 12cm. The gap between the edge of the battery and the edge of the window sill should be more than 5 cm. There should be 2-5cm from the wall to the battery.

In houses with a 2-pipe heating system, a radiator is usually installed according to the lower connection diagram, which is characterized by ease of installation and acceptable heat loss. During installation, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a Mayevsky valve for periodic air release, which must be located in the upper part of the battery. The Mayevsky tap can be automatic or mechanical: it is included with the radiator or is already present in the design.

After installation of all elements of the system is completed, it is pressure tested. We repeat: the initial start-up of the boiler is carried out only after receiving documentary permission in the presence of a representative of the gas service.

svoimirukami.lesstroy.net

Installation of gas heating in a private house - how to do it?

When choosing the type of boiler equipment for heating a home, they are increasingly choosing models that run on gas. Installation of a gas boiler is quite simple, and operation is not burdensome. Almost all work, with the exception of connecting to the gas main, can be done independently.

Advantages of gas

Gas heating is the most popular way to heat homes, and for good reason. Gas has a number of advantages compared to other types of energy carriers.

Economical. The cost of gas is at an affordable level. It does not require storage tanks or warehouses. The power and efficiency of gas boiler equipment are superior to analogues operating on solid or liquid fuels.

Performance characteristics. The operation of such units is fully automated and requires virtually no human intervention. It is enough to set the required mode, and the remaining processes are regulated automatically.

Compactness. Solid and liquid fuel boilers are mostly bulky, and therefore require special premises for their installation. Installation of a gas boiler is possible in almost any convenient place. Their model range is varied, and installation is possible both on the floor and on the wall, which makes it possible to save free space.

Multifunctionality. Boilers are made not only in single-circuit design. There are equipment options with a second circuit designed to provide hot water. Safety. When used correctly, these boilers are absolutely safe for human health. The low temperature of combustion products eliminates the possibility of a fire.

Types of boilers

There is no fundamental difference in the operation of gas boilers. They differ in other characteristics.

Floor standing boilers

Floor-standing boiler designs are usually powerful units. They can be used to heat not only residential buildings, but also for heating industrial facilities and public buildings. Such equipment is used for hot water supply or for installing heated floors, and can be multi-circuit. The heat exchanger material is steel or cast iron. Weight reaches 100 kg. To install it, you need to organize a boiler room with a chimney and ventilation. The boiler is installed in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents. Connection to the main line is made only by certified specialists.

Floor boilers

Wall boilers

Attractive appearance, compactness with sufficient power have led to the widespread popularity of wall-mounted equipment. Small dimensions do not affect the functionality of the boilers. The compact housing contains a burner, expansion tank, pump, control devices and automation, which makes it possible to achieve maximum efficiency.

A wall-mounted boiler, like a floor-mounted one, can supply hot water in addition to heating. Full automation allows you to control the operation of the entire heating system in various modes.

Wall-mounted boiler in the interior

Convective and condensation

Traditional boilers are of the convection type. As a result of fuel combustion, the coolant is heated, which moves through the heat exchanger. This equipment has a simple and practical design, the maintenance of which is inexpensive.

Energy-saving technology is the basis for the operation of condensing boilers. They are distinguished by high efficiency, the achievement of which was made possible by obtaining more energy at the same gas consumption as in conventional boiler equipment. More complete combustion of fuel, which implies obtaining additional energy from combustion products, is an explanation for this.

The oxidation of gas produces thermal energy and substances, including water in the form of steam. When vaporous moisture is cooled to the dew point, it condenses. This process is accompanied by the release of energy, which is transferred to the heat exchanger. For the transition of combustion products from a gaseous state to a liquid state, a heat exchanger temperature of 55 degrees Celsius is required, which is possible by increasing the heat exchange area.

Thus, with small sizes of convection boilers, the efficiency is lower than that of large condensing units with high efficiency.

Single-circuit and double-circuit

Gas boilers with one circuit are intended only for heating premises. To organize hot water supply, it is possible to heat water indirectly using a boiler. In this case, special boiler outputs are used to connect to the boiler. Even with significant hot water consumption, such a device can fully meet the needs.

A gas boiler

Boilers equipped with two circuits have the ability to simultaneously heat rooms and heat water for domestic needs. To provide DHW, the boiler design provides for a second circuit. The principle of its operation is similar to the principle of operation of a flow-type water heater.

The design is designed in such a way that the priority circuit is the one that supplies hot water. Therefore, while the water is heating, the temperature in the heating devices decreases. Most often, such equipment is used in small houses where hot water consumption is low.

The use of boilers with two circuits reduces costs when organizing heat and water supply, since all equipment is located in the device body. That is, tying the equipment does not require additional equipment.

Natural and forced traction

Boiler room equipment

The presence of an atmospheric burner and an open combustion chamber characterizes gas boilers with natural draft. In this case, the air necessary for combustion is taken from the room, and combustion products are removed due to natural draft. This principle of operation of the equipment implies the need to install the boiler in a separate room, which is not always possible.

Forced draft is created due to the operation of a forced-air or turbo burner with a closed combustion chamber. The necessary air is taken from the outside, and combustion products are removed by a fan through the air ducts. This design allows you to install boiler equipment in any suitable place in your house or apartment.

Atmospheric burners are distinguished by practicality, low noise operation and durability, and the presence of forced draft is more comfortable for a person to stay in the room.

Convector or parapet boiler

These heating devices are a cross between wall-mounted and floor-mounted structures. In this case, combustion products are removed using a coaxial chimney, which is built in the external wall. The operation of the device does not require intermediate heating of the coolant, since thermal energy is transferred directly to the room.

The design of the device allows it to be installed in any convenient place. This equipment is installed in houses with a small area and apartments multi-storey buildings, in which it is impossible to install a vertical chimney. The power of such equipment is not great, but it is sufficient to heat the room and produce hot water.

When the burner is operating, the oxygen in the room is not burned. For the manufacture of the heat exchanger, 3 mm thick sheet steel is used.

The parapet boiler is convenient for installation, since there are no restrictions when connecting gas and pipelines.

Its installation is possible in rooms with a small area without damaging the interior.

Boiler installation

However, when heating individual isolated rooms with convectors, it becomes necessary to install gas or install gas cylinders. This negatively affects the safety of equipment operation. In addition, convective heat transfer is characterized by its uneven distribution throughout the volume: at floor level the air is cold, and at the ceiling it is hot.

Installation of gas boilers

Equipment placement requirements

Installing gas boiler equipment is a responsible undertaking, so safety standards must be strictly observed when carrying out it.

A single-circuit boiler with a power of less than 60 kW can be installed even in the kitchen. Boilers with a power of less than 150 kW are allowed to be installed on any floor of the house, provided that the room is not residential, but is not a bathroom or bathroom.

Units with a power of over 150 kW are installed at the basement or first floor level.

When installing a boiler in the kitchen, you should proceed from the following calculation: 0.2 cubic meters. should account for 1 kW of power.

In the room in which the boiler is installed, an emergency shutdown of the gas supply must be provided.

There must be free access to all components of the device.

The fire resistance of the wall material must be at least 45 minutes.

The room should have natural light. A window is installed for this purpose.

Installation of a wall-mounted boiler

You must first rinse all the tubes under high pressure water. Make sure that the wall that will support the boiler has the necessary fire protection characteristics. If she does not answer them, then lay a layer of non-combustible material.

To install the boiler on the wall, strips are installed at a distance of 100-150 mm from the floor level. Moreover, the distance to other devices running on gas or electricity should be more than 200 mm. Contact or proximity of flammable objects is not allowed.

Boiler

Control is carried out correct location device in horizontal and vertical planes.

The pipeline supplying coolant is equipped with a filter and shut-off valves on both sides.

This makes it possible to carry out Maintenance heat exchanger without removing the coolant from the circuit.

The chimney is being installed with a mandatory draft check. Modern models do not require installation of a chimney, since combustion products are removed by a fan.

After this, the device is connected to the gas supply line. This event is carried out by qualified specialists.

The gas boiler installation procedure is completed by connecting the electrical power supply with the mandatory installation of a circuit breaker.

Installation of a floor-standing boiler

When installing a floor-standing gas boiler, it should be taken into account that such equipment has a significant mass. Therefore it must be solid foundation. Installation on wooden floors is possible provided that a galvanized sheet with dimensions slightly larger than the dimensions of the unit is laid.

Correct installation of boiler equipment requires maintaining the horizontal position of the base. If required, non-flammable material is inserted from below. After connecting the boiler and chimney, draft control is performed.

If the test result is satisfactory, the device can be connected to the heating system of the house. To prevent clogging of the equipment, a filter is installed.

If you install a double-circuit boiler, it is necessary to connect it to the cold water supply. It is recommended to make a connection to the water supply with a minimum distance to the entrance to the building. Then connect the boiler to the hot water pipeline.

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How to make gas heating in a private house with your own hands: installation, tools | Heat monster

Home comfort Many people associate it with a clean, bright private home, in which there is a place for friends and acquaintances. Warmth and comfort are always valued in a home. How to make gas heating in a private house with your own hands? You will have to solve many related problems related to floor heating and purchasing affordable fuel. Heating systems for private homes are constantly being created and improved.

The cost of installing gas heating is affected by the distance to the gas pipeline, the area of ​​the heated room and the type of gas boiler.

The heating process of any room is necessary to create a comfortable microclimate in it. In a private house, residential premises are heated, where residents spend most of the day. Living conditions in country house directly depend on temperature conditions. The set temperature is created by the entire heating system of the house.

Heating in a private house is carried out using solid fuel or natural gas. Local and central heating are used to heat the home. In a rural house, only autonomous heating is installed.

Features of water heating

Heating with water is the most common type in multi-storey and private houses. Water is not the only liquid used as a coolant. Any substance with physical parameters that meet the specified ones can be used. In a conventional water heating system, the liquid is supplied through pipelines, releasing heat into environment. The main factors ensuring the popularity of water heating are: the lowest consumption of materials for installing the system, the highest heat capacity of the medium, ensuring a high temperature of the heated room. Its disadvantages include: the costs of continuous work on heating water, a large amount of work on pipeline installation.

What type of heating should be installed in the house? This question primarily interests the owner of a country house. If people permanently live in the house, then it is necessary to create maximum comfort: heat the living space, supply hot water, cook food, install sewerage. Means, best option- install water heating in the house. It is important that such a system will ensure a minimum temperature in the absence of residents, working in economy mode. The second factor influencing the choice is the presence of an appropriate channel for the supply of energy to generate heat. An accessible type of fuel is required. The total cost of the work is taken into account, consisting of the costs of fuel, equipment, installation and repair work.

Before installing water heating, purchase:

• boiler for heating water;
• burner;
• automation;
• pump;
• boiler piping;
• expansion tank;
• heating appliances.

Choosing a boiler for water heating

Water supplied to the heating system is a cheap product, but has its drawbacks. Salts and impurities contribute to pipe corrosion. It has high freezing parameters. The specific heat capacity is C = 4.19 kJ/(kg K). Boiling point - 100°C. The water heating system operates at temperatures up to 90°C. The system is filled at a temperature of 15 °C. The heating system of a private house includes heating boilers. The water boiler contains:

• ash pan;
• draft regulator;
• chimney;
• fuel supply system.

Two types of boilers are used: steel and cast iron. High quality comes with cast iron boilers; they have a simple design. Caring for this type of boiler is easy; they retain heat for a long time. Steel boilers that provide heating are much cheaper than cast iron ones.

The simplest and cheapest heating scheme includes: a single-circuit boiler equipped with an exhaust hood. The wiring is installed in one pipe; A radiator made of cast iron or steel is mounted using steel pipes. The temperature regime is provided automatically. The boiler is installed in houses with an area of ​​more than 100 m². Instead of one-pipe wiring, a two-pipe one is installed. Water heating equipped with a pump is characterized by a rapid increase in temperature inside a residential building. It is better to make the system closed; in this case, an expansion tank is installed. Savings of 20% are achieved by installing thermostatic heads.

Do-it-yourself water heating installation

Water heating system with natural circulation.

It is not difficult for an experienced owner to carry out complete or partial heating installation with his own hands if he draws up a detailed work plan in advance and prepares necessary materials and tools. There should be water pipes running near the house: you can dig a well with your own hands if they are missing. Buy in advance:

• storage capacity;
• electric pump;
• fittings;
• pipes;
• flarer

A general system installation plan is drawn up and approved. Tools that may be needed to install a circulation pump in a heating system:

• keys with a diameter from 19 to 36 mm;
• check valve;
• detachable threads;
• filter;
• bypass.

Forced circulation water heating system.

Do-it-yourself water heating in a private house requires, first of all, the correct choice of pipes. Metal-plastic or propylene pipes are installed in the system. Metal-plastic products are easy to install. For work, purchase the following tools:

• flarer;
• keys;
• springs;
• compression fittings.

This type of pipe has a drawback: the rubber seal quickly becomes unusable. Polypropylene pipes last longer. Prepare tools for soldering in advance:

• special soldering iron 1.4 kW;
• soldering iron nozzles: 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 75, 90,110, 125 Kalde, and 40-63 Kalde;
• plastic pipe scissors 20 - 40 Kalde and 42 - 69 Kalde;
• Unipack sealant.

The boiler is chosen depending on the area of ​​the house: on average, its power ranges from 25 to 100 kW. Metal pipes can be connected to each other with Unipak sealant: they create a heating system in which the natural movement of the coolant occurs. These pipes are laid smoothly without much difficulty; bend easily to take the desired shape.

https://youtu.be/VCC5GL4aPHs

Heating, which has forced circulation and is equipped with a pump, uses water as a coolant. Water heating is installed in the presence of a pump with piping, which includes shut-off valves and a filter. Installation is carried out on a bypass pipe. The circulation pump is an integral part of the boiler design and is installed into the system with your own hands.

Planning and selection of gas heating for a private home

A double-circuit gas boiler is the optimal solution for heating a private home.

In a private home, gas heating is widely used for heating. This is the cheapest and most profitable way to create a comfortable temperature in your home. A house heated with gas retains heat for a long time. Heating with this type of fuel is cheap, reliable and safe. Before starting work on installing gas heating equipment, it is necessary to coordinate all issues with gas specialists. First of all, the issue of choosing to use gas in cylinders or transported through a pipeline is decided.

If gas heating of the house is carried out using gas cylinders, convectors are purchased at the same time, heating the house with gas combustion products. They are resistant to low temperatures. Installation of this type of heating is possible in closed and open form. The system can be selected as single-circuit or double-circuit. The entire installation plan gas system heating is divided into several parts. After drawing up a work plan, materials are purchased. Upon completion of installation work, the system is filled with gas and put into operation. It is necessary to take into account the power of the boiler and pumps, the size of the radiators.

Selection of equipment for gas heating

When purchasing equipment, the main attention is paid to boilers and their power. It depends on the area of ​​the house to be heated. The most commonly used boilers are 20 kW. The larger the heating area, the greater the boiler power should be. Close attention is paid to such parameters of the device as the service life of the material from which the boiler is made. Cast iron boilers with an unlimited shelf life and steel boilers with a service life of 15 years are valued on the market. There are two types of boiler installation: floor and wall. To make a floor installation, burners are used. Wall-mounted boilers have low power.

To install a floor-standing boiler, it is necessary to comply with requirements such as good ventilation. The area of ​​the room must be at least 8 m², the boiler is installed at a distance from the wall of at least 50 cm. Wall-mounted boilers operate from liquefied or natural gas. Modern boiler models have sensors. They control the flame, temperature, and fuel supply. A double-circuit gas boiler provides the building with hot water.

Gas heating installation process

It’s nice to do everything in the house with your own hands, but when connecting and installing a gas boiler, it’s better to turn to specialists; Each instruction manual for the Aton, Siberia, Conord, and Ariston boilers indicates exactly this warning. Gas is a dangerous thing: working with it requires special knowledge and experience.

If the owner is familiar with the safety rules, regulatory documents, confident in his abilities, he can independently carry out the work of installing gas equipment

Preparation for installation of the boiler begins with checking its quality and the presence of component parts. Then

When installing a heating system, any negligence can cause the equipment to explode.

flush the boiler pipes. Inspect the wall under the boiler; it must be durable. A gasket made of non-flammable material is attached to it. The boiler is located at a distance of 5 cm from the gasket; Ventilation or chimney must be present.

Having permission to install the boiler yourself, you need to prepare the necessary tools:

• large self-tapping screws with a diameter of 6 mm - 4 pcs.;
• marker;
• Victory drill;
• drill;
• plastic dowels;
• level;
• parapet.

Purchase the necessary materials:

• three-wire wire;
• chimney elbow;
• parallel bracket;
• corner mesh filter;
• Ball Valves;
• paronite gasket;
• gas alarm;
• gas certificate.

Boiler installation work

Requirements for the room for installing the boiler.

It is best to mount the boiler using large self-tapping screws. Take 4 self-tapping screws with a diameter of 6 mm. Mark holes in the wall with a marker and drill them with a Pobedit drill; dowels are inserted into the hole, a boiler is placed; The chimney elbow is placed on top. The entire structure is attached to the wall using self-tapping screws. From the bottom, the distance from the boiler to the floor is 80 cm, to the wall - 50 cm. It should hang evenly. Check the installation of the boiler yourself using a plumb line or level. Then the parapet bracket is attached.

If a double-circuit boiler is installed in the house, you can use it to heat water. Then you need to connect it to water pipes. Factory plugs are removed from the pipes before connection. The boiler is connected to the pipes using a strainer. It is designed to eliminate debris entering the heat exchanger. Ball Valves must be installed on both sides of the filters.

Boiler to gas pipe must be connected not with your own hands, but only by gas industry specialists, in order to avoid accidents during its operation. When connecting, you must use a hard connection using metal pipe. A paronite gasket is installed to ensure complete safety. A gas alarm, as well as a gas meter and a thermal shut-off valve must be installed after installing the boiler. The boiler is connected to the electrical network by a three-wire wire. The entire heating system is filled with water. The pressure in the system should be 1 bar, only after this the valve is tightened. The boiler is starting up.

A competent heating system design and professional installation is the final stage of building your residential building. The warmth and comfort in it depends on their quality.

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