Why is Australia called the continent of relics? Australia: history and modern way of life


The purpose of the lesson: to create conditions for students to develop ideas about the physical and geographical position of Australia, to introduce them to the history of exploration of the continent, the formation of relief and minerals, climate, inland waters, natural areas and population.

  • create general idea about the originality and uniqueness of the continent;
  • form an idea of ​​the history of the discovery of the continent;
  • introduce the basic forms of relief;
  • form an idea of ​​the climate and inland waters of the continent;
  • introduce the peculiarities of the location of natural areas and population settlement;
  • improve skills in working with maps and creating tables;
  • improve students' ability to compare maps and draw conclusions.

Equipment:

Physical map of Australia, map of the structure of the earth's crust, list of nomenclature objects, computer presentation

Lesson structure:

I. Organizational moment

Hello guys, glad to see you! Don't forget to prepare for the lesson. Textbooks, atlas, outline maps, notebooks, pencil case should be on the table.

II. Main part.

– Guys, we devoted our last lessons to studying the first of the southern continents. Which one? (Africa). Today we begin to explore the next continent. But first let's remember:

  • Which continents belong to the group of southern continents? (Name them and show them on the map).
  • (Right)

By what characteristics are they classified specifically as southern continents? (I ask 2-3 people). – About this continent, even before its discovery, there was a firm belief that it existed, and it was called “Terra Australis incognita”. What does this mean, what continent is it about?? we're talking about
(Unknown Southern Land Australia)
– What associations do you have when you hear the word “Australia”?
- Well done. You made a lot of assumptions. But there are inaccuracies. Let's figure it out. This is the topic of our lesson. Let's write it down.

– You and I often turn to fiction to illustrate geographical phenomena and objects, and today I would also like to read to you an excerpt from Jules Verne’s novel “The Children of Captain Grant.” Geographer Paganel: “I tell you, I repeat to you, I swear to you that this is the most curious region on the entire globe. Its emergence, nature, plants, animals, climate... - surprised, surprises and will surprise all scientists of the world... The continent, which, when born, rose from not with its central part, but with its edges, like a kind of giant ring; a continent where rivers dry up every day; where trees annually lose not leaves, but bark; where the leaves do not provide shade, the trees are often fireproof, and the forests are stunted and the grass is gigantic in height; where the animals are unusual: quadrupeds have beaks, kangaroos have paws of different lengths, and foxes flutter from tree to tree... Oh! The most bizarre, most illogical country! The earth is paradoxical, rejecting all the laws of nature! Here it is, this Australia, a kind of parody of world laws, or, rather, a challenge posed to the rest of the world!” What is the reason for such uniqueness of this amazing continent? (Australia is a continent of relics of animals and plants preserved from past geological eras, since Australia, after its separation, existed separately, without land borders with other continents)

  • By what scheme do we study geographical objects? Where do we start? (Student answers follow: geographical location, history of research, relief and minerals).
  • Define the concept “Physical-geographical position of the continent.”
  • How do we determine the geographical location of a continent? (I ask 1-2 students)
  • What is relief? (1 student answers)
  • What are minerals called and what types are they? (listen to the answer of 1 more student)

- Great! Open your textbook, the physical map of Australia is in front of you on the board (you can use the map in the atlas) and write down your observations in your notebook. With their help, draw up the geographical position of the continent. Time to complete the work is 3-4 minutes. The task can be completed in pairs.
- Time is over! Each pair says 1 sentence from what was written. We check and write down what is missing. (We look at the area of ​​the continent in the table at the end of the atlas.) (We find out the position of the continent in relation to the equator, the 0 meridian, and neighboring continents; we say which oceans it is washed by, list the seas, point out the features of the coastline; indicate the extreme points, name and indicate the lowest and the highest point of the continent). I correct students’ answers along the way.
– Okay, now mark all these geographical objects on the contour maps of Australia and determine the coordinates of the extreme points using the atlas. To complete the work – no more than 10 minutes. (Then, after time has elapsed, we check, clarify the mistakes, explain why they were made. To correct and explain, I call the students to the board.)
– Do you think we have figured out the geographical position of the mainland? Why? (Answers from 2 students follow)
– What question should we consider next? Right. History of continental exploration. I suggest making a table. What do you think it will look like (Researcher, country, opening time, opening object) Well done, you have 5 minutes to work using the textbook text.
- We check and add. (2-3 students answer). What conclusion can we draw from looking at the table? That's right, Australia was discovered by Europeans later than other continents.
– Let’s start studying the terrain and minerals. Using a map of the structure of the earth's crust and physical card Australia, draw a conclusion about the reasons that led to the emergence of such a continental topography? (The continent is dominated by flat terrain; the only mountain system is located in the east - these are destroyed medium-high mountains; Australia is a calm continent (there are no active volcanoes, earthquakes, modern glaciation, the continent is rich in minerals, etc.). (I interview students, correct the answers ).
– Tell me, what types of minerals did you see on the map and where are they located? Why are the minerals located there? Draw minerals on an outline map. (Working time 5 minutes)
– The next item on our plan is climate. Using the climate map, we determine the climate features of Australia and conclude that the most favorable climate zone is located in the north of the continent. (Tropical, Subtropical, Subequatorial). Conclusion about the aridity of the continent.
– We find out the presence of rivers and lakes on the continent.
– The largest river system on the continent? (Murray and Darling). What do the other river systems look like?
– What are the names of the beds of temporary drying rivers on the mainland? (Screams)
– Open a map of Australia’s natural areas and find out which natural areas present on the mainland.(Deserts, Savannahs).
– There are more than 500 species of such trees in Australia; they are a symbol of Australia. What kind of trees are these? What else do you know about them? (Eucalyptus. The tallest trees in the world - 155 m and a trunk thickness of up to 10 m. Eucalyptus trees have hard wood, and the bark and leaves are rich in essential oils. Powerful roots reach groundwater– drainage. The leaves are edge-facing to the sun and do not provide shade. Grown in all countries of subtropical and tropical zones)
– When scientists first read the description of this animal, they refused to believe in its existence. Judge for yourself: “He has the body of a fat puppy with a skin that is noticeably too big for him, there are membranes between his toes, a duck’s beak on his head, a tail like a beaver’s, and his front paws are like a badger’s. To top it all off, the male has rooster spurs on his hind legs that secrete poison. The female lays eggs, but feeds the hatchlings with milk.” Do you recognize this animal?
– What other unusual representatives of the animal world can be found in Australia? (Platypus. Ancient oviparous mammals, marsupials and other animals that became extinct on other continents).
– What insects build conical clay structures up to 5 meters high? (Termites).
– What are the names of animals and plants that are not found anywhere else? (Endemic)
– The largest structure created on Earth by living beings is a huge strip stretching for 2000 km off the coast of Australia. What do you know about this building? (The Great Barrier Reef, reaching a length of 2000 km and a width of 150 km, is composed of the organic remains of the builders themselves - coral polyps).
Why are rabbits the worst scourge in Australia? Who brought them? Did they exist on the mainland before?

  • Population of Australia. Indigenous (aboriginal) minority
  • They belong to the Negroid-Australoid race, have dark brown skin, wavy black hair, and a wide nose. Newcomers (Anglo-Australians) are the majority

Descendants of Europeans, almost exclusively English. Have light skin color, light or dark, straight or curly hair.

“Blitz tournament”

– The smallest continent on Earth? (Australia)
– The most common tree? (Eucalyptus)
– The largest lake? (Air)
– Highest point mainland? (Mount Kosciuszko)
– What traveler is the island in the south of the mainland named after? (Abel Tasman)
– The navigator who proved the existence of an independent continent of Australia? (J. Cook)
– Mountains in Australia? (Great Dividing Range)
– What is the largest part of the continent occupied with? (Desert)
– Are there volcanoes in Australia? (No)
– The climate zone in which most of Australia lies? (Tropical)
– What are the names of the beds of temporary drying rivers on the mainland? (Screams)
– The largest river system on the continent? (Murray and Darling)
– Thickets of dry bushes of acacias and eucalyptus? (Scrub)
– A strip of coral reefs off the coast of Australia? (Great Barrier Reef)
– Which constant winds have the greatest influence on the climate of the continent? (Trade winds)
– What state occupies an entire continent? (Union of Australia)
– Name a natural area in northern Australia? (Savannah)
– What animal eats termites? (Echidna)
– What animals are depicted on the national emblem of Australia? (Emu, kangaroo)
– In conclusion, I would like you, based on the knowledge you have gained, to draw up a “Calling Card of Australia” (The smallest continent, the smoothest, no volcanoes, little indented coastline...)

I read G. Usova’s poem “Australia”.

Australia is the opposite country
It is located below us.
They're obviously walking upside down there,
It's a year turned inside out.
The gardens there bloom in October,
It's summer there in January, not July.
Rivers flow there without water
(They disappear somewhere in the desert).
There are traces of wingless birds in the thickets,
There cats get snakes for food.
Animals are born from eggs.
And there dogs don’t know how to bark.
The trees themselves climb out of the bark,
The rabbits there are worse than the flood.
Saves the south from the northern heat.
The capital has no population.

Its source is on London pier
The road was cleared for predators
Exiles and convict people.
Australia is the opposite country.

III. Final part.

– To sum up, let’s note whether we have accomplished everything we planned. Students analyze. I praise individual students, encourage those who did not succeed, give grades for the lesson, explaining what the grade is for. I'm collecting contour maps for a more detailed check.

Homework.

– Open your diaries and write down your homework: “Based on paragraph 35, make a comparative description of the geographical position of Australia and Africa. Draw a conclusion about the similarities and differences between the features of the geographical location and relief.”

The lesson is over. All the best.

Australia is the smallest continent in the whole world. The area of ​​this continent is 7631.5 thousand square kilometers, which is approximately 2/3 of the area of ​​all of Europe. The northernmost point of the continent is Cape York, whose coordinates are 10°41” south latitude, the southernmost point is Cape South-East, its coordinates are 39°11” south latitude. The length of the continent from west to east is 4100 kilometers (from Cape Steep Point with coordinates 113°05" east longitude and to Cape Byron with coordinates 153°34" east longitude), from north to south the length of the continent is 3200 kilometers. The coastline of Australia is poorly dissected. There are only two large gulfs in Australia: the Great Australian Bass, which separates the island of Tasmania from the mainland, and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Australia, as well as the island of Tasmania with small islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans constitute the territory of the Commonwealth of Australia. The east coast of Australia is accompanied by the Great Barrier Reef, the length of which almost reaches two thousand kilometers from Cape York to the tropics. The width of the reef in the northern part is about two kilometers, and closer to the south it increases to 150 kilometers. The reef is separated from the shore by a lagoon with a depth of no more than fifty meters, which also expands towards the south. In big barrier reef there are slits in the form of narrow passages that allow ocean ships to pass directly from open ocean into quiet coastal waters. The relief of Australia resembles the relief of the African continent. In the western part of the continent there is the Western Plateau, with an adjoining wide strip of the Central Lowland, which stretches from the Gulf of Carpentaria to Indian Ocean. In the outskirts of the eastern part of the continent there are a small strip of mountains called the East Australian Mountains. The nature of Australia has a large number of features that distinguish it from all other parts of the planet Earth. First of all, Australia is a continent of relics. Thanks to long-term isolation, here, on the Australian land, many ancient relict plants and animals have been preserved, which are characterized by high endemism. The oldest vast surfaces of the continent remained undivided by erosion, since they have an armor of lateritic crusts, which determines the flat nature of the relief. Also, traces of the former filling of the now desert and semi-desert areas with water have not disappeared. On the other hand, in Australia there are no young folded mountains, no active volcanoes and no modern glaciation. Such unique conditions are given to the continent by its geological and climatic past. Modern Features climate and geographical location give the widest distribution of tropical desert areas in Australia. The northern edge of Australia is filled with woodlands and savannas, in the southern part there are landscapes of a subtropical type: forests in the humid southwestern and southeastern parts, and in drier areas the territories have turned into semi-desert, steppe and savanna. The mountains on the mainland are located along the eastern edge, they trap moist Pacific winds and limit the spread of wet-forest landscapes to their windward slopes and a narrow coastal lowland strip.

About 400 years have passed since first the Dutchman W. Janszoon, and later other navigators, paved the way to the “Unknown Southern Land”. This is how geographers called the Australian continent for a long time. Compared to all the others, it is relatively small - its area is 7.7 million square kilometers, but it is not small, considering that the distance between the extreme points of the continent is about 4,000 kilometers from west to east and more than 3,000 kilometers from north to south. Today the population of Australia is 15 million people.


A fragment of a supercontinent?


The geological past of the continent still remains a headache for scientists who consider Australia a small part of the once gigantic continent of Pangea (its area was about 75 million square kilometers!). At the beginning of the Mesozoic era (more than 200 million years ago), this supercontinent split into Gondwana and Laurasia. From Gondwana, as believers of “continental drift” believe, Australia, Hindustan, Africa and South America were formed. Using a computer, it was checked how the contours of the shelves (edges of coastal shoals) of the newly formed land areas coincide with each other. The matches across all continents averaged 93 percent!


To opponents of the “continental drift” hypothesis, this figure seemed too high, and they demanded more weighty arguments. And such arguments were provided to them in full in the form, for example, of the fossilized remains of lystrosaurus. These ancient reptiles, a little more than a meter long, had a massive body, short and strong legs. Their jaw curved upward, and all the teeth were directed inward, and only two fangs protruded outward. Findings of lystrosaurus skeletons - typical land animals that lived in Australia, South America, India, Africa and Antarctica, talk about the former unity of the above continents in the form of Gondwana. Omitting many other arguments in favor of the “continental drift” hypothesis, we note that the movement of continents is now confirmed by observations from spacecraft. If this drift continues, then in 50 million years Australia will “sail” north, and it is possible that it will connect with Asia near Kamchatka.


The Australian mainland, having a tough lithospheric plate, immersed in the fiery liquid melt of the Earth's upper mantle, moves in it due to powerful convection currents arising at great depths. Studying geological structure Australia showed that it is composed mainly of ancient crystalline and sedimentary rocks, which, in conditions of long-term isolation of the continent and the presence of a dry, hot climate, create an extremely unique relief there.


They were sculpted by the ocean and time!


The Australian continent, which looks like a huge rectangle, but with convex edges in the west and east and concave in the north and south, can puzzle even an expert with the shapes of its relief. The central part of the continent is especially interesting, surrounded on all sides by the Simpson, Victoria, Gibson and Great Sandy deserts. As in the Stavropol steppes, here, as if from under your feet, mountains of strange shapes rise to the sky. They look like loaves of bread, whales, or some prehistoric beasts.


The formation of the Australian mountains involved the ocean and a colossal period of time (600 million years), during which the winds, sun and, to a lesser extent, water had something to “work on”. As a result, the so-called ancient remnants arose, colored blood-red due to the iron oxides that were part of the rocks that make up these massifs. The Australian Ayers Rock massif is particularly impressive. It rises majestically above the flat plain to a height of 348 meters. Even more beautiful are the Olga hills located nearby. In the rays of sunset they change color, like precious opal, and can be reddish, purple, yellow-blue or burgundy.


Kangaroo who discovered a valuable deposit


If the remnants of the Central Plateau have long been recognized as relict and organized there national park Uluru (translated as “place that gives shade”), then the fate of precious minerals - opals - was different. They were discovered about 120 years ago by a hunter chasing kangaroos in those parts. The tired animal stopped and began throwing dirt at the hunter with its hind paw. To the man’s considerable surprise, it was not sand and earth that were flying at him, but multi-colored fragments of some mineral! The shocked hunter then picked up the fragments from the ground and saw pieces of noble opal shimmering in the sun with all the colors of the rainbow! They say that the famous German geologist and poet P. L. Dravert, having seen Australian opal, immediately wrote poetic lines: “How wonderfully precious opal plays, in it the shine of the sun And the ebb of the moon; it seems like a changing flow of life and the quiet charm of the silence of the night!


"Lucky Halterman"


For a long time Australia was considered poor natural resources. However, in the 19th and 20th centuries this judgment was refuted. It turned out that in the bowels of the continent there are huge deposits of uranium and iron ores. polymetals, bauxite and other minerals. And it all started with gold. Australian Edward Hargraves was known as a loser. He was unlucky either in love or in gold mining. From California, where he tried to get rich, the prospector returned with nothing. However, Edward doesn't. was depressed. And soon he was lucky in his homeland, Australia, where, using Californian experience, he was able to find a gold mine in 1851! After this event, a gold rush began on a distant continent. The excitement intensified even more after the discovery of primary gold deposits in a number of places! The largest of the nuggets was discovered when an Australian caravan crashed. She broke the wheel, hitting a precious mineral that weighed almost 70 kilograms! They called him "The Welcome Stranger." And in 1872, the largest nugget in the history of gold mining was found above the Hill End mine, owned by Holterman! Its weight turned out to be 93.3 kilograms with dimensions of 142x66x10 centimeters! The nugget was given the name “Lucky Holterman.” (The second name is “Holterman Plate”). The owner did not forget to take a photo with the find, after which he immediately sent it to be melted down.

New South Wales is a region and state of the Green Continent, which is located in the southeast of the mainland. There are 780 protected areas and national parks on its territory.

In order to get to know the unique flora and fauna of this state of Australia, worth knowing about the most popular and representative parks in New South Wales.

Kosciuszko Park, which is part of the Australian Alps, is largest protected area .

It got its name from the mountain of the same name. Mount Kosciuszko, whose height is 2228 meters above sea level.

Elevation attracts thousands of tourists who strive to see with their own eyes the majesty of this hill.

The highest mountain in Australia, Kosciuszko is the pride of the park of the same name. This park is also interesting because it has six wildlife zones, the total area of ​​which is 3000 km². Rare plants endemic to Australia grow in these areas.

As for the animal world, then among the most unique representatives fauna of New South Wales that live in Kosciuszko Park can be distinguished by mountain couscous. This animal was considered extinct until in 1966 he was not found in this park.

Also here you can see the bright false toad in its natural habitat. Kosciuszko Park – one of the most popular holiday destinations, both Australians and travelers. Every year it is visited by three million tourists from all over the world.

National Park System - Blue Mountains

The seven parks that are part of this system are located in the east of the state, near Sydney. The total area of ​​the Blue Mountains parks is 10,326.49 km², as well as a buffer zone of 862 km² around.

Interesting fact! Many people think that the park system is called that because there are mountains in this area blue color, however, the Blue Mountains are not hills, but a plateau rugged by gorges with a height difference of from one hundred to one thousand three hundred meters above sea level.

The system, which merged into one of the different zones in 2000, is formed by the following protected areas, How:

  • Yengo;
  • Blue Mountains;
  • Kanangra-Boyd;
  • Nattai;
  • Gardens of Stone;
  • Wollemi;
  • Thirlmere Lakes;
  • Jenolan Caves Karst Conservation Reserve.

Main vegetation The Blue Mountains park systems are Australia's eucalyptus forests.

Will grow over vast areas ninety-one species of eucalyptus, which make up 13% of all eucalyptus plants existing in the world. In addition, twelve of them are endemic to the Blue Mountains.

It is also worth noting that in these protected areas grows such amazing plant like vollemia. It was opened in 1994. Wollemia represents relict plants, which are the rarest and oldest on the planet.

As for the fauna, the parks are inhabited by four hundred species of fauna Green Continent. Among them are the koala, spotted-tailed marsupial marten and golden litoria.

The largest predator in the Blue Mountains system is the dingo. This marvelous, but this ferocious animal's diet consists mainly of the giant kangaroo, which also lives in the Blue Mountains parks.

It is worth mentioning separately and the fact that Australian birds also live here - from typically Australian individuals to unique exotic ones. Here you can find orygmas, diamond finches, fire-breasted petroicas, companion birds and warty honeyeater.

Royal National Park

Royal National Park is another significant protected area New South Wales, which became the first protected area to be designated a national park.

Park Royal is also the second oldest national park in the world after Yellowstone. Educated in 1879. Today its territory is 15 thousand hectares.

Feature of this the oldest and world famous park the fact that plants endemic to Australia grow here, some of which are endangered.

Since the park belongs to category II, based on the IUCN classification, here the protection of unique ecosystems is combined with tourism, so every willing traveler has the opportunity to visit this amazing park with extensive flora and fauna.

Other New South Wales parks

If you are interested in which territories are especially carefully protected in the state of New South Wales, then one of the most interesting is the national Monga Park.

This high security zone is located in the south of the state, and its area is more than twenty-five thousand hectares.

Another conservation area in New South Wales is Nattai Park, which was given national status in 1991 in order to preserve the unique landscapes of the Nattai River.

One of the most picturesque wild parks in the state is a park called Mount Pickapen, which is visited by more than 600 thousand people every year.

And, of course, one cannot fail to note the national Sydney Harbor Park, which is located directly in Sydney and includes:

  • small islands;
  • coastal areas flooded by tides;
  • steep peninsulas.

It is important to know! Sydney Harbor Park belongs to category V of the IUCN classification, that is, it is an area of ​​​​protected marine and terrestrial landscapes.

New South Wales National Parks are areas that represent... the rarest ancient plant species, and the unique fauna of the Green Continent.

Avid travelers from all over the world tend to come here, and Australians love to spend their holidays in the picturesque and sometimes wild state parks. bright and memorable leisure time.

Municipal budgetary educational institution

Average comprehensive school № 17

INTEGRATED LESSON

(geography – biology)

"AUSTRALIA - THE CONTINENT OF RELICS"

Completed by: Esina T.V.

Irkutsk - 2014

Lesson objectives: - Create conditions for concretizing knowledge about the nature of the continent.

Lesson objectives:

Bring out diversity natural complexes Australia, based on

geographical location, features of relief and climate.

Develop creative thinking, cognitive interest, desire for

independent search for knowledge, ability to compare, contrast, generalize.

To cultivate a conviction about the need to protect the nature of the continent.

Equipment: Wall maps: physical, climatic, natural zones of Australia,

paintings of natural landscapes of Australia, images of endemic plants and

animals, interactive presentation “Plant and animal world Australia"

Design: On the chalkboard, lesson topic, lesson plan, cards with new terms (scrape, endemic, relict)

During the classes:

    Determining the goals and main objectives of the lesson.

    Give homework (write it in your diary).

3. Testing students' knowledge: (taught by a geography teacher)

*Geographical training (testing student’s knowledge of nomenclature)

*Individual work on cards (4 students)

*Answer orally: (frontal survey)

    “Australia is the driest continent on Earth,” confirm the correctness of this statement. Explain the reasons for this phenomenon.

    In what climatic zones is Australia located?

    What air masses and winds predominate in each zone?

    What does the word CRY mean?

    Australia is poor surface waters, Why?

    How is the continent's poverty replenished by surface water?

4.Learning new material:

    Students write down the topic of the lesson.

    in front of every student reference summary, with the help of which an explanation of the entire new topic will be built.

    Geography teacher:

    Let's turn to the map of natural areas and determine what natural areas are on the mainland and where they are located. (As well as in South Africa most occupy savannas and tropical deserts)

    The organic world is completely different compared to Africa; nature has created a huge reserve in Australia, where many plants and animals have been preserved, close to those that inhabited the Earth in ancient times and disappeared on other continents. It is not for nothing that Australia is called the continent of relics - the remnants of the distant past. The species composition of plants and animals is poor and unique. This is explained by the fact that Australia and the surrounding islands have long been separated from other continents. The organic world developed in isolation for a long time. The largest number of species of Australian plants (75%) and animals (95%) live only on this continent.

    Plants and animals that live only in a certain area are called ENDEMICS (Greek: local).

* Students write down the definition of the terms relic and endemic.

Biology teacher: (as the teacher tells the story, students must write down the names of the inhabitants of the mainland)

*The teacher supports his story with fragments of an interactive presentation.

Botanical rarities:

The flora of the mainland is extremely diverse. The most common trees in Australia are eucalyptus trees (out of four trees, three are eucalyptus). There are giant eucalyptus trees over 100m high, with a powerful root system up to 30m. There are low-growing and eucalyptus shrubs. These plants are well adapted to dry climates. Their leaves are located edge-on to the sunlight, the crown does not shade the soil, so eucalyptus forests are light. All eucalyptus trees shed their bark. Eucalyptus trees have hard wood, which is good construction material. The leaves are rich in essential oils and are used to produce oils, paints, and medicines.

Fires in eucalyptus forests are something terrible, indescribable, the fire spreads with enormous speed. However, eucalyptus trees are very fire-resistant; after some time, young green shoots grow on the burnt trunk, and the tree continues to live.

In addition to eucalyptus trees, acacias, bamboo, casuarinas with leafless thread-like branches, palm trees, ficus trees are also characteristic; peculiar bottle trees also grow - with a thick trunk at the base, sharply tapering upward, and many tree ferns.

In the interior desert areas there are thickets of dry bushes consisting of low-growing, thorny acacias and eucalyptus trees. Such thickets are called SCRABE. (Write the definition in a notebook)

* No created cultivated plants!

The fauna of Australia is amazing and unique: there are 100 species of marsupials, they are so named because they have a brood pouch formed from the skin on their belly, in which the animals bear the born cubs, not yet adapted to normal living conditions. (first beasts)

Student performances and demonstration of fragments of an interactive presentation.

    Kangaroo

    Marsupial flying squirrels

    Koala

    Wombat

    Marsupial anteater

There is also a special group of animals in Australia - oviparous animals, these amazing animals lay eggs in a leathery shell, and the resulting offspring are fed with milk, which is secreted onto the surface of the skin, the young lick it off.

    Platypus

    Echidna

The world of birds is also unique:

    Ostrich Emu

    Lyrebird

    Parrots

    Black Swan

    Cassowary

    Kiwi

    Paradise Bird

Biology teacher:

There are lizards, poisonous snakes, crocodiles live in the reservoirs of northern Australia, the largest predator is the introduced dog Dingo, and there are a lot of feral rabbits that cause enormous damage to agriculture.

Australians take sufficient care of their plant and animal wealth, carefully study and protect it. In every big city Be sure to have your own botanical garden; each state of the Commonwealth of Australia has its own botanical emblem.

Some fauna are depicted on Australian coins, with kangaroos and emus depicted on state emblem countries.

Australian legislators have taken measures to save and protect their rarest animals: they have banned their export, kept them in captivity, and limited or completely banned hunting of certain species.

Geography teacher:

Today we learned a lot of interesting and surprising things, let’s now summarize our knowledge and draw up a memo for those traveling to Australia, in which we need to briefly outline the necessary information about the mainland.

(Students' proposals are documented in a memo)

Dear tourist!

You are going to Australia, let me give you some information and instructions:

    Australia is the smallest continent.

    Australia is the driest continent

    Animal and vegetable world endemic. (endemics can be listed)

    The entire continent is one state.

    Australia is the flattest continent, 5% mountains.

    Australia is poor in surface water.

    Australia is remote from all continents.

    Forest fires are frequent.

Reflection: Why is Australia called the continent of relics? (chain poll)

Grading.



@ 2024 kvartalmuz.ru - Prefabricated buildings from A to Z