The influence of modern cartoons on the psyche of children. Cartoon influence

To find at least a little free time for themselves, modern parents often sit their children in front of TV screens or monitors. A child staring at the screen in fascination evokes a feeling of tenderness and delight in the parents: “Well done! How closely he follows the plot!” What actually lies behind this fascination? Will watching it actually benefit your baby? And in general, how safe are modern animations?

An animated film is a type of art whose main element is the technique of animation. Animation today is a highly profitable business, focused primarily on making a profit, and often the ethical side of the issue lies only on the conscience of the people running this business. To understand what exactly our children absorb when looking at the screen, we adults must be able to understand this art.

At what age and for how long can a child watch cartoons, how to distinguish a good cartoon from a bad one, whether it is necessary to watch it with the baby and how to determine the influence of what he sees on the child’s psychological state - read about all this in detail here.

Cartoon and the age of the child

Not all parents know that watching animated films is acceptable for children over 3 years old, not earlier! Why is this so, since the box with the disc says 0+? We will look for the answer from specialists in the field of psychology and medicine - ophthalmologists, psychologists and pediatricians.

“Watching cartoons for children under 3 years of age can cause irreversible consequences psyche,” says teacher-psychologist Natalya Matushkina, head of the coordination and analytical department of the Moscow City Center for Psychological and Pedagogical Expertise of Games and Toys.

In addition, doctors believe that:

up to 2-3 years old, the content of the cartoon is not perceived by the child;
up to 3 years of age, the visual system is still developing, and watching animations disrupts the process of formation and development of the child’s visual function;
watching cartoons before the age of 3 leads to overload of the central nervous system, which leads to hyperactivity or lethargy;
early viewing of animated films leads to delays in speech development;
the risk of developing attention deficit disorder increases when the baby, instead of live communication with parents, receives the missing emotions from the TV screen.

How long can children watch animated films? Surprisingly, today not all mothers and fathers know about the standards recommended by the World Health Organization. For example,

Children from 0 to 3 years old are completely prohibited from watching television;
From 3 to 7 years - up to 30 minutes a day;
From 7 to 10 years - 30-50 minutes a day;
From 11 to 18 years old - 1-3 hours a day.

Should you watch a cartoon with your child?

If the cartoon is unfamiliar, watch it yourself, make sure it is safe, and only then offer it to your little one. When your little one watches animation for the first time, the presence of an adult is necessary!

Who, if not a parent, will explain the plot, evaluate the characters, and express their opinion on what they saw!

In addition to explanations about the cartoon, the child will receive invaluable time to communicate with his parents. He will find out the opinion of his father and mother about the main character of the cartoon, which will help him form his opinion about him and decide whether he needs to imitate him. Parents will help you understand, using the example of a cartoon, how to act well and what to do poorly. That is, the baby is actively involved in the educational process.

And after watching, discuss the film you watched together. Let your son or daughter retell the plot, evaluate the characters, and repeat the words of the funny song! This will develop his speech, memory, he will learn to analyze, generalize, and express his opinion.

Cartoon - a source of information for children

Not all adults who have become parents are aware of the impact the information coming from the TV screen or monitor has on the child. They consider cartoons for children to be entertainment, and that’s all. In fact, the influence of cartoon characters on raising a child is so great and enormous that it cannot be discounted.

In modern high-tech conditions, we have the opportunity to choose when and what to watch for our children. When using this opportunity, parents must understand that they are responsible for their child. Any information that the cartoon carries will have an impact on the baby, affecting his speech, behavior, mood, and ultimately, understanding and perception of the world around him.

It is also necessary to clarify that not all parents understand the peculiarities of their children’s learning of information. The fact is that, due to their age and peculiarities of thinking, children perceive any information literally and are not able to analyze and comprehend it. Therefore, any animated film should be as useful and as safe as possible for them.

If your favorite cartoon character hits another on the head with a frying pan, don't be surprised if your child tries to do the same. If you are against such “entertainment,” then you need to learn to understand the huge mass of modern Russian and foreign cartoons.

A good cartoon: how to tell the difference?

A good cartoon always teaches good things. The plot of the cartoon is logically constructed and “confused” in accordance with the age of the child, i.e. your three-year-old will be happy to retell it to you.

The characters of the animated film are drawn beautifully and are as close to reality as possible. It will not be difficult for a child to recognize familiar animals, people, objects in them; they do not look like disproportionate monsters.

A negative character is always punished. With its help, it is easy to show in a cartoon behavior that is not accepted in society (for example, disrespect for elders, greed, cowardice, laziness), explain why such behavior is not welcome, and finally, be sure to re-educate the negative character. In this case, the child receives a visual educational lesson.

In a good cartoon there are always two opposites: good and evil. These two concepts are clearly separated and easily recognized by a child. They have a certain influence on the main character. These opposing concepts are shown in examples: how friendship, mutual assistance, love help (in the cartoons “The Biggest Friend”, “Leopold the Cat”) and how anger, greed, envy harm (in the cartoons “Treasure Island”, “The Tale of Greed” and etc.)

Children under a certain age cannot analyze and take a philosophical approach to the concepts of good and evil. Therefore, clarity and clarity in portraying the good and the bad is essential. From a cartoon with a clear division of them, the child will gain an understanding of the basic values accepted in society.

The victory of good over evil is very important for little viewers, because then they are convinced by examples that following good, fair principles helps to achieve what they want, and if you are evil, bad, you will be condemned and not accepted in society.

In a good cartoon, the role of a negative character should be unambiguous: he should evoke hostility and condemnation. By his appearance, the child must clearly determine: this hero is negative. During the development of the plot, he must be defeated by a good hero or re-educated under the influence of good.

Such an example will clearly show the child what is good and what is bad and teach him to draw conclusions. If your children can tell the difference between good and evil in a movie, they can do it in real life.

A good cartoon does not contain vulgarities, does not prepare people to perceive bad taste and rudeness as the norm, but cultivates aesthetic taste and teaches beauty.

If an animated film contains a love story, then it should be shown sublimely, spiritually, and chastely. The plot should not arouse an early interest in sex in the child. Everything related to physical intersexual attraction should be hidden until a certain age.

In a good cartoon, the speech of the characters is correct and does not contain swear words or jargon.

The brightness of colors and flicker of the screen are important for perception. The younger the child, the “quieter” the screen should be. The same requirements apply to sound design: the music for the film should be beautiful, light, without sharp exciting sounds.

Bad cartoon: what to look for

Not all modern animated films for children are focused on nurturing positive character traits in a child. Some of them have a negative impact: they demonstrate aggression, cruelty, a negative attitude towards the weak, disrespect for elders, etc. After watching such “masterpieces,” the child begins to show aggression and cruelty. The simple plots of such cartoons inhibit the development of imagination, logical memory, and the ability to concentrate the imagination. Lack of competent speech will harm the baby’s development of speech skills.

Such cartoons have no logical storyline. Your son or daughter will not be able to tell what the cartoon is about (for example, “Winx”), the characters have an appearance that is far from real, they are depicted ugly, disproportionate (for example, “Futurama”).

In such cartoons the negative and goodies are not clearly defined. Throughout the viewing, it is difficult for the child to figure out which of the characters is positive and which is negative. Without understanding this, it is difficult for a child to evaluate the hero and choose an object to follow.

The actions of negative characters are not punished, and their bad behavior leads to the achievement of goals (for example, in the cartoon “Masha and the Bear,” the whims of the heroine Masha achieve her goals - she gets what she wants).

A cartoon that is bad for raising children may show parents from a negative perspective. For example, they are portrayed as pitiful and narrow-minded. A main character comes to the cherished goal through the denial of their will. Such a moment instills in the younger generation disrespect for elders and a desire to go against the good advice of older family members.

Often in such animations you can hear rude speech and slang. Disrespect for generally accepted social ideals and norms of behavior is promoted. Male characters are shown as effete and weak; female - courageous, assertive. After watching such a cartoon, the phrase “girls need to be protected” sounds incomprehensible to a child.

If we talk about the design, the colors in such a cartoon are poisonous - bright, and frequent flashes and flickering of the screen hypnotize the eye, the musical accompaniment is sharp and loud.

After watching: watching the child

To finally understand the impact a cartoon has on a baby, you don’t need to be a certified psychologist. It’s enough to observe what emotions the next cartoon evokes on your baby’s face. If he empathizes and takes pity on the weak, rejoices when good defeats evil, frowns at the machinations of negative characters, sings along to a cheerful song along with the characters - then everything is in order, the cartoon proved positive influence. After watching such a cartoon, the child is inspired, experiences only positive emotions, retells the plot with pleasure, conveys the feelings of the hero, and is glad that good has defeated evil.

If you notice negative behavior, the child is excited, his laughter is similar to hysterical, aggression manifests itself - this is a reason to be wary.

Modern parents, striving to raise their children to be honest, responsive, and fair, need to know and understand what a modern cartoon is, what impact it has, and how to protect their child from the negative flow of unnecessary information. Good luck on this journey!

The influence of cartoons on the psyche and behavior of children

4.4 (88.89%) 18 votes

Cartoons are children's favorite entertainment. Children used to watch cartoons from CDs and rare TV shows. Today everything is simpler. Young viewers are offered 24/7 TV and Youtube channels. Funny short videos have turned into a reliable assistant for parents. He's cranky - cartoon, doesn't want to eat - cartoon, can't sleep - cartoon. Everything is so simple that you don’t want to think about the influence of cartoons on a child’s psyche. And it is necessary.

Psychologists and pediatricians believe that children should spend no more than 2 hours a day in front of a screen. This total time for TV screen, laptop, tablet and other gadgets. In practice, some parents allow their one-year-old children to watch cartoons for much longer. At first this does not have much effect, but at 2-3 years old children begin to imitate the heroes, and at the age of 3-6 years cartoons help form an idea of the world.

What cartoon authors don't talk about

The problem with many popular cartoons is the main character with negative character traits. Interesting fact: in 2015, one of the episodes of the animated series “Masha and the Bear” had the most views on Youtube in Ukraine. You are probably familiar with the joke: “Thanks to the authors of Masha and the Bear for the opportunity to wash my face, comb my hair and drink coffee.” The cartoon is funny. But is Masha a positive hero and what can she teach a child? Some episodes are really educational - helping you remember letters and numbers, showing the value of friendship and the like. But only a few. Children more easily “swallow” funny episodes where a little girl is mischievous and behaves selfishly. This is one example. And there are also “Smeshariki”, “Shrek”, “Minions”, “Naughty Family”, “The Angry Beavers”, the classic “Tom and Jerry”, “Just You Wait” and others.

For a child, the main character automatically becomes positive. He is perceived as a “model” for behavior and a guide to follow.

Animated films are a business. There is no point for authors to worry too much about morality, the main thing is that the plot is fun and interesting. Then there will be demand and profit. For example, the monthly income of the Russian Youtube channel “Masha and the Bear” is 184-230 thousand US dollars.

Another problem is violence in cartoons. Heroes fall from high altitude or hitting each other. It looks funny and amusing. But is it right? In the end, everyone turns out to be safe and sound. The child does not always understand that the consequences in life will be different.

Not all cartoons are negative - there are many interesting and educational ones. Tip for parents: Create your own list of useful cartoon films. How to select them? It's simple - try it for yourself first.

Negative influence of cartoons on children

Children who watch a lot of cartoons with cruelty hidden behind the funny scenes:

cease to sympathize;
do not feel discomfort when encountering violence in real life;
prone to aggressive behavior.

Frequent viewing of cartoons is addictive.
Children who spend more than four hours a day on screens are more likely to become overweight.
An experiment was conducted in the USA: four-year-old children were divided into 2 groups. The first one was just drawing for 9 minutes. The second one was watching a cartoon. Next, everyone was asked to take tests for attention, accuracy, self-regulation and some other abilities. The group that drew showed much better results.

Educational cartoons help children learn letters, numbers, colors, shapes, the purpose of things, and the like.
Children adopt the behavior of the main character. It is good if the character is endowed with positive traits, and the cartoon clearly helps to understand the difference between good and evil.
Cartoons in another language help you learn and master foreign words.

What children who watch cartoons don't do

The American Pediatrics Association has offered an original look at the influence of cartoons. So, what don't children do while they watch cartoons:

don't ask questions;
do not solve problems;
do not create;
do not show initiative;
do not develop motor skills;
do not think critically, logically and analytically;
do not practice communication skills;
do not play interactive games.

How to be

What should parents do? How to treat children's passion for cartoons, prohibit or allow? Definitely allow it. However, the influence of cartoons on a child’s psyche is not fiction. Parents following a few simple rules will help reduce negativity:

set a time limit for watching cartoons;
do not place a TV and computer in the children's room;
look for educational cartoons and offer them to your child;
stop watching videos at least an hour before bedtime;
sometimes watch cartoons with your child and discuss the actions of the characters;
reconsider your behavior: if parents whole evening spent watching TV, the child has no other option but to entertain himself with cartoons or computer games.

Giving up cartoons is unrealistic. And it is not necessary. Good cartoons in moderate doses have a positive effect on a child’s development. As for videos with naughty protagonists: it will not be possible to ban them completely. All that remains is to monitor what the child is watching and discuss all controversial issues, tell him:

why you can’t behave one way or another;
the dangers of falling from a height, playing with fire, etc. in real life;
which character traits are good and which are bad.

Use the positive influence of cartoons on children and try to minimize the negative. Discuss, explain and remain a friend to the child in any situation. Be a Cool Mom!

Teslenko Egor

The most amazing time in a person’s life is childhood. But what is most connected with him? Of course, cartoons! Entire generations grow up on them!

I often asked my mother if she liked to watch cartoons as a child. Mom replied that “Very!” For them, children who lived at the end of the last century, this was a huge event. "Mother! Cartoons are showing!” - the kids shouted. And the adults dropped everything they were doing and sat down to watch an amazing fairy tale with the children. She carried them along multi-colored waves of funny and sad, instructive and enigmatic, mysterious and funny stories.

Now we, their children, watch cartoons. These are cartoons of Soviet and foreign production. But for some reason, more and more parents have doubts about the safety and benefits of foreign animated products for us. Do adults have a feeling of anxiety, a suspicion that something wrong and irreparable is happening?

In my work I will try to understand how cartoons influence the children's psyche.

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Preview:

City scientific and practical conference

"Planet of Erudites"

How cartoons affect a child's psyche

Man and his health

Teslenko Egor Sergeevich

3 "B" class

MBOU Lyceum No. 21

Supervisor:

Areficheva Elena Valentinovna

Primary school teacher

MBOU Lyceum No. 21

Dzerzhinsk

2014

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………3
Theoretical part………………………………………………………..……………4

History of the creation of cartoons………………………………………………………4
Comparison of domestic and foreign cartoons……………………….……5

Practical part………………………………………………………………………………...7
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………......9
References…………………………………………………………………………………......9

Introduction.

The most amazing time in a person’s life is childhood. But what is most connected with him? Of course, cartoons! Entire generations grow up on them!

In my work I will try to understand how cartoons influence the children's psyche.

Goal of the work: Based on work with various sources and practical research, find out what impact modern cartoons of domestic and foreign production have on the consciousness of children, and find out which cartoons benefit the child.

Job objectives:

find out in specialized literature how the animation genre appeared;
find out what dangers the fictional world of animation hides;
conduct a survey of classmates in order to identify the most preferred cartoons and their characters;
study how Western cartoons influence the anxiety and aggressiveness of younger schoolchildren;
analyze research results and draw conclusions.

Subject of study– cartoons of domestic and foreign production.

Work hypothesis:cartoons of Russian and foreign production, in which there is more kindness, rather than violence, will contribute to the harmonious development of the child, and those in which there is a lot of violence will develop in the child anxiety, fears, and uncertainty in communicating with adults and children.

During the work were used methods:

study of literature;
watching cartoons;
conducting a survey of students in our class and their parents;
analysis of the results obtained.

The topic is relevant , because today there is a wide variety of cartoons. We all constantly watch foreign and domestic cartoons. Many guys prefer watching TV to games.

Theoretical part

History of the creation of cartoons.

It is not known exactly when cartoons appeared. Since ancient times, people have tried to “revive” drawings. The first mentions of animation (animation) date back to the 1st century BC.

At the beginning of the second millennium AD. Shadow performances appeared in China. They were very similar to future cartoons.

In the middle of the 15th century, artists began to appear who entertained people with moving images, using special mechanisms for this.

At the end of the 17th century, A. Kisher invented a “magic lantern” that showed a moving image on glass.

At the end of the 19th century, the inventor from France E. Reynaud came up with a projector that used the principle of sequential transmission of images - one after another.

In 1906, after the movie camera was invented, the first cartoon was made in America. Its author was J. Blackton. Early cartoons were black and white and silent. The first cartoon with sound was created in 1928 by W. Disney. It was the cartoon "Steamboat Wiley".

In Russia, Vladislav Starevich, the founder of three-dimensional animation, begins work at the cinematographic company of Alexander Alekseevich Khanzhonkov on the first three-dimensional animated film “Tadpole Development”, taking time-lapse photography of living tadpoles in water. 1911 can be considered the year of birth of Russian animation.

Creating a cartoon is a very labor-intensive process. In order for a character to make a simple movement, you need to draw about a hundred drawings. And for a ten-minute cartoon you need to make about 15 thousand of them!

But, despite the fact that today all cartoons are created in many countries of the world, not all of them, it turns out, are recommended to be watched... What do we see on our TV screens? Why do some cartoons cause a storm of joyful emotions, a wave of imitation of favorite characters and form good emotions in a child, while others cause outright harm, making children angry? Among cartoon creators, there are two opinions: those who copy adult life in cartoons, and those who create a children's world with its own laws of life. Modern children are increasingly inclined to imitate adult life with its aggression and cruelty, that’s why they prefer the first type of cartoons.

We asked in a video store in Dzerzhinsk which cartoon discs adults buy most often for their children. We were told that most of the purchases were foreign novelties. For many children, watching Russian cartoons is not as interesting as the action-packed and colorful foreign ones. All children choose cartoons based on the principle of colorfulness and interest, fashion in the classroom or kindergarten. But many Russian cartoons were created based on fairy tales. Soviet cartoons by their nature are interesting in their plot and make you think. What is the situation with foreign cartoons? Almost half of foreign cartoons are built according to the old, proven principle: beginning - climax - denouement. Crime - investigation - punishment. Therefore, the main themes of American films are conflicts and crimes.

Most modern cartoons have the following features:

bright, the action happens very quickly;
a simple, understandable plot that is repeated in all cartoons;
the importance of speech for understanding the cartoon is minimized;
the cartoon is voiced by the same translators' voices;
a lot of aggression;
monotonous music.

Comparison of domestic and foreign cartoons

In order to have time to do all the homework or get some rest, parents often turn on cartoons for their kids. While a child enjoys watching another animated film, adults don’t think about the fact that in this way children get used to watching cartoons and very soon it will be impossible to “tear them away” from watching endless series of cartoons on TV.

The baby, like a sponge, absorbs what he sees on TV. He still does not know how to distinguish fiction from reality. For him, all the heroes are absolutely alive and real. And it is them that he will copy in his behavior, intonations, and games. Abroad, cassettes with the cartoon “Tom and Jerry” are often marked: “For children over 6 years old.” The kid takes it for granted and natural that you can skin a cat, and at the same time he will not only be alive, but also cheerful. Or the mouse can be hit on the head, blown up, poisoned, but it will remain invulnerable, continuing to intrigue unfortunate Tom.

Watch your little one watching a good cartoon. There is a whole flurry of emotions and experiences on his face. Here he laughs with the hero, here he frowns, empathizing and regretting, here he repeats the words of a familiar song... Good cartoons have great educational value. They will teach the child to be friends and sympathize, to help comrades and protect the weak, to be generous and magnanimous, to love parents and grandparents, they will show the way out of many difficult situations, and they will relieve childhood fears. In them, the little viewer will find another confirmation that evil will be punished, and good will always triumph.

Now, let's take a closer look at what domestic and foreign cartoons teach.

The heroes and heroines of modern foreign animated films do not teach respect and are very ill-mannered. Remember any cartoon. There's so much bad stuff there. A mocking attitude towards animals, people, objects...

What does this lead to:

The brightness of the cartoon makes it easy to attract the child's attention. As a result, the child does not have to make any effort to learn to concentrate. An inability to concentrate develops, and at school the child cannot sit through a lesson and remember all the material.
A clear, simple plot does not always allow imagination and fantasy to turn on. But cartoons are another way to develop thinking, attention and memory.
During the school period, the child’s speech develops most intensively. Therefore, it is important to hear correct, beautiful native speech, to hear all the intonations and feelings conveyed by speech. Lack of correct speech can lead to delays in its development.
Through cartoons, a child learns behavior patterns, methods of action, and learns how to achieve his or her goals. Unfortunately, this method is often aggression. According to numerous studies, children who watch mainly foreign cartoons experience an increase in cruelty and aggressiveness.

Practical part

Questionnaire for students

Class ___________

1.Do you watch cartoons? a) yes b) no

2.When do you prefer to watch cartoons?a) in the morning b) at lunch c) in the evening

3. What cartoons do you prefer?a) Soviet b) foreign

4. What is the name of your favorite cartoon?

5. Your favorite hero?

We conducted a study - a survey in the form of a questionnaire. The study showed that all children love to watch cartoons. The right to choose a cartoon belongs to the child. This is a very worrying sign. Most often, children choose foreign cartoons, giving preference to such cartoons as “Shrek”, “Ninja Turtles”, “Woody Woodpecker and His Friends”, “The Simpsons”, “Tom and Jerry”, “Winx”. They watch cartoons more than 4 hours a week, which is harmful to their eyesight and overall health. Children's favorite heroes are those who can commit cruel acts and even murder. What will happen if in life a child begins to copy the behavior of his favorite heroes?! The children in the questionnaire even find it difficult to name 10 “our” cartoons, but this is our history and culture. I think parents need to think about this and monitor what their children watch.

Conclusion

Children like to watch cartoons, but not everything they like is good for us. Many modern cartoons broadcast on TV can have a bad impact on a child’s development, creating a tendency toward aggression and addiction, and there are even cases where cartoons lead to mental disorders. In many cartoons, the main, positive character is endowed with negative qualities. And unnoticed, these vices eat into the child’s consciousness, because positive heroes need to be imitated.

So, let's summarize. In one of the cities several years ago, psychologists studied the influence of various cartoons on the children's psyche. It turned out that after watching “Soviet cartoons,” children calmed down, became more friendly, and their sleep and appetite improved.

After American computer cartoons, children's fears and aggressiveness increased, they began to be capricious, fight, and break toys.

Meanwhile in last years It’s very rare to see Cheburashka or Winnie the Pooh on the screen, but aggressive animated series have filled all channels. Of course, it is impossible to clearly divide cartoons into bad and good, but since we have a completely different culture, it is better for Russian children to watch Russian cartoons.

Cartoons should:

teach to love animals, because cartoon characters are often animals.
teach to be friends.
help explore the world around us
learn how to perform your duties; show by example how to perform certain actions.
The cartoon must have a plot, preferably based on the interaction of the team.

watch cartoons no more than 2 hours a week.
retell to mom and dad the contents of the cartoon.
read works based on cartoons (for example, I read N. Nosov’s “Dunno and His Friends” - watched a cartoon based on the work)

During the study, the hypothesis I put forward was confirmed; we proved that not all cartoons have a good, positive effect on children. Therefore, I recommend watching more domestic cartoons.

Bibliography

“Cartoon Planet”, article “My Baby”, Moscow, 2003

“About our Soyuzmultfilm”, G. Borodin, 2005

Articles on the Internet

Cartoons continue to occupy a dominant place in the life of a modern child. However, more and more often, the meaning and quality of animation do not correspond to children's developmental goals and needs. And this is especially true for the products of the American Dream Factory. Psychologists believe that most foreign cartoons simply cannot be shown to children, and the rest can only be watched under strict parental censorship and with obligatory adult comments. Is foreign animation dangerous for children? What are the criteria for harmful cartoons?

Today's upbringing often looks like this: adults are busy with different things, and the baby, so as not to interfere, is seated in front of a TV or computer screen. And this child watches everything around the clock, and after a couple of months he literally cannot breathe without the usual dose of colorful cartoons. Is this useful? Psychologists answer categorically: “No!” Let's use specific examples of popular foreign animated films to see what psychological impact they have an impact on children's consciousness and behavior.

Female images: sexuality and cruelty

Experts say that in modern animation female images they are deprived of romance by endowing them with excessive realism, cruelty and physiology. At the same time, such feminine qualities as shyness, modesty and chastity, traditional for old Russian cartoons, are ridiculed.

For example, the incredibly popular animated series among girls about witches “Winx” depicts the main characters with huge eyes, abnormally long legs and very revealing outfits. And if you add too much here thin waist, then it begins to seem that cartoon girls are ambiguous appearance popularize vulgarity and anorexia. Psychologists are sure: Stereotypes of adult behavior, especially erotica, cannot be shown in children's cartoons!

In the cartoon "Shrek" the main character turns from a beautiful princess into a green monster. And she doesn’t behave like a woman at all: aggressively and even cruelly. And this episode with the murder of an unfortunate bird, which swells from singing and then bursts! Did your children laugh at the dead bird? Can you remember at least one main character of Russian fairy tales who would do this to forest animals? In addition, Princess Fiona does this in a very infectious and fun way, as if encouraging children to follow her example.

Destruction of family values

Perhaps you cannot find a more popular cartoon than the series about the eccentric yellow family of the Simpsons. However, many psychologists and parents consider this comedy animated film to be propaganda of cruelty, unhealthy family relations and even drug addiction. Thus, in some episodes they subtly and, what is especially scary, wittyly laugh at elderly and sick people. For example, a turtle steals old man Simpson's dentures, but he can't catch up with it. And there are a lot of similar stories in the series, on which entire generations in the USA and Russia grew up.

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After watching many Disney cartoons, child psychologists discovered a strange pattern: the beautiful and young heroine is childless in most cases, but for some reason the mothers are portrayed as ugly and loud, with blurry figures. It turns out that after watching such cartoons, little viewers may not have the desire to start a family and have children. Thus, in the animated film “Beauty and the Beast” the main character is shown as beautiful and carefree, and for some reason the eccentric woman with screaming babies is disgusting.

Is everything that bad?

Perhaps American cartoons receive mostly negative comments from psychologists. There is a high level of aggressiveness in Disney cartoons and the introduction of negative patterns of behavior and gender identification into children's consciousness. And the heroes who personify the good principle deal with evil physically. In old Soviet animated films, evil characters most often succumbed to persuasion and were re-educated.

Of course, in general, Disney cartoons leave a completely different feeling after watching them than Soviet and even modern domestic films. Ours are, of course, much more soulful, cleaner and kinder. However, it is not entirely correct to consider all American cartoon production as a single mass. Compare, for example, the cheeky “South Park” and the touching “Gummi Bears” - to put it mildly, they are not entirely similar and have completely different effects on children. And how wonderfully the beauty of motherhood and family relationships is shown in such cartoons as “Bambi the Deer,” “The Lion King” or “101 Dalmatians.”

Signs of harmful cartoons

Each parent can independently determine how harmful a particular cartoon is for their child. The presence of at least one “harmful” feature should serve as a basis for excluding this animated product from children’s viewing.

The main characters of the cartoon behave inappropriately: they kill, steal, cause harm, maim. Even if all this is presented in a humorous manner.
Such behavior of heroes often goes unpunished or leads to popularity, wealth, or is approved by society.
In the cartoon, the characters demonstrate dangerous behavior, which, if repeated by a child in real life, can be harmful to health and life.
Cartoon characters show behavior that is non-standard for their gender: female characters behave like men, and male characters behave like women.
In the picture you can see scenes of disdain for people, as well as animals and plants. For example, ridicule of disability, old age or social inequality.
The main characters have a repulsive appearance. For young children, there is often an equal sign between the words “good” and “beautiful”. That is, they need positive characters to be not only good, but also likable.
The film promotes idle image life, characters achieve goals the easy way or through deception.
The authors ridicule or show family values in a negative light. Children constantly conflict with adults, spouses treat each other with disrespect, parents humiliate their child.

Every adult is obliged to select cartoons for their child, focusing, first of all, on the child’s reaction, the plot of the picture and their own feelings. After all, a good parent always knows what his child is watching and how long he sits in front of the TV screen. Finally, with a good parent, a child will happily go play and communicate, easily tearing himself away from even the best cartoon in the world.

The Internet is replete with extremely negative assessments of the role influence modern cartoons for children, this is especially true for Disney cartoons. Children in this context are even called “the main victims of television madness,” noting that television and the Internet too much determine our lives, and, accordingly, the lives of our children. Here are the main points of such articles: modern child too stuffed with visual information; all modern parents are lazy, because they use cartoons to get rid of the child and mind exclusively their own business; the child necessarily becomes addicted to watching; the child will definitely copy everything he sees on the screen; Most modern cartoons are replete with violence, aggression, bad examples, as well as erotic overtones. All this traumatizes the child’s psyche, teaches wrong examples, leads to psychological problems, difficulties in upbringing, falling behind in school, and subsequently to an incorrect attitude towards life. The main recommendations in this regard are: until the age of three, keep the child away from the TV at all, and from the age of three, only Soviet cartoons.

However, how fair are such radical measures? The world is not black and white, it is full of bright colors, and you need to be able to see it. The world is not one-dimensional and not two-dimensional, it is three-dimensional, multifaceted, everything in it is not divided into “Yes” and “No”, it is much more complex and interesting. The philosophy of sweeping denial is not productive. We need to adequately perceive today's reality. In it, like in any other historical reality, there is both good and bad. The strategy “let’s hide our head in the sand, close the child’s eyes, nose, mouth and ears, and never show him modern cartoons” is wrong.

The approach that “everything was good before, but now everything is very bad” is characteristic of people who experience a subconscious fear of modern reality. Very interesting reservations are sometimes made by psychologists who advise completely abandoning modern cartoons. In this regard, I cannot resist quoting a thesis from one psychological article about the influence of cartoons on a child’s mind. Please read carefully: “ Orthodox psychologist, chief researcher at the Institute of Psychological and Pedagogical Problems of Childhood of the Russian Academy of Education Vera Abramenkova states that the modern child is surrounded by visual materials - this is not only TV, but also phones, iPhones, iPads, the Internet, computer toys. Therefore, now our children are less protected than children born during the war and post-war years" In other words, the psychologist quite seriously claims that children born during the Second World War were more protected than modern children, our children. Here, apparently, war, bombing, genocide, famine, fascism, etc. are not taken into account. Is the iPad really that scary?

What psychologists usually say about life, about family, about children, etc. is also not the ultimate truth. Psychology, like any other modern science, is not a single unshakable truth, but a collection of points of view. Any science today, especially the humanities, is a complex of scientific directions, schools and approaches that essentially argue with each other, criticize each other, proving completely different points of view. Two different psychologists may give you completely different advice about the same problem, and you will have to choose what is closer to you. Here, as in medicine, a medicine that helps you will not necessarily also effectively help your roommate, even if you have the same diagnosis.

This article is obviously not intended to say: “This is good, but this is bad. Look at this, but under no circumstances do this.” There are so many people, so many opinions; there is no single right decision. Each parent should select cartoons for their own child, taking into account, first of all, how the child reacts to a particular cartoon, and also based on their own feelings. Without making a horror story from any one specific type of cartoon, and without focusing on one thing, you can quite reasonably choose the optimal set of cartoons for your child, which will not affect him negatively. I propose to begin by simply considering the range of opinions that has formed at the moment, as in public opinion, among parents and among child psychologists. For example, let's take a small selection of cartoons that are popular among modern children.

Soviet cartoons.

Despite the fact that they can no longer be called “modern,” Soviet cartoons are still very relevant. TO positive aspects
Psychologists attribute these cartoons to their high quality. Soviet cartoons were not put into production; they were produced in single copies and quality issues were paramount.

The Soviet cartoon is aimed at creating a positive children's picture of the world; it is kind, calm, and correct. A negative character, as a rule, is easily re-educated, and his initial negative essence is most likely due to the fact that no one was friends with him, no one loved or understood him. In general, evil in Soviet cartoons is presented in an ironic and comic form, which softens its nature.

In Soviet cartoons, the focus on education and the formation of positive qualities is clearly visible; these cartoons teach correct, ideal behavior and way of thinking. There is no violence, evil has a local, easily defeated character, the characters carry goodness, compassion, respect, love and mutual understanding.

Soviet cartoons are really good, it would be stupid to argue with that. What could be called negative factors in this regard? There are few Soviet cartoons compared to the diversity that the Western cartoon industry for children represents. Despite their undeniable quality, against the backdrop of modern computer graphics and special effects, they already seem a little primitive.

And besides this, do Soviet cartoons fully meet the demands and needs of a modern child? Let's not forget that children actively communicate with each other. How comfortable will the child feel among his peers, whose parents do not so strongly limit the topics of the cartoons they watch? Is it justified to create an artificial “iron” wall for a child, confining him to the past, even if it seems more correct and safe to us, because we live today and we will not have another reality.

By the way, oddly enough, on the Internet you can also find negative comments from parents on Soviet cartoons, the high quality and benefits of which, it would seem, can no longer be disputed. Here are some unexpected statements: “... As for the cat Leopold, it seems to me that he is promoting meanness, harmfulness, and not friendship at all»; «… doesn't the wolf want to kill the hare in "Well, Just Wait"? Is the hare playing tricks on him? The wolf didn’t drown in an ice hole, didn’t fall from a height, didn’t break his legs?»; «… among the old Soviet cartoons there is also a lot of nonsense...", "... in “Well, wait a minute!” - everything seems to be OK, the wolf looks like a wolf, and other animals are recognizable, but the whole cartoon the wolf behaves ugly: smokes, kicks garbage cans, grabs cats by the tail. Do you think this is a good cartoon for a child?», «… Many people consider all Soviet cartoons to be good, but this is far from the case. “Well, wait a minute” is no longer a Soviet cartoon in spirit and language, but a clone of American cartoons about Tom and Jerry. The best cartoons in the USSR were made in the 40-60s»

By the way, it is the example of the cult Soviet-era cartoon “Well, Just Wait” that clearly shows how things change over time.
ideas about what a good or bad cartoon is. It was this cartoon that almost fell under censorship when the law on protecting children from harmful information was introduced on September 1, 2012. Many scenes from this cartoon, according to this law, cannot be shown on daytime air and in children's programs, but it was for this cartoon that an exception was made because of its high status and universal recognition.

Luntik

One of the positive qualities is that the cartoon has a very clear educational focus. It explains what is good and what is bad. Characters who are negative and behave incorrectly or not always correctly (caterpillars, Kuzya the grasshopper, etc.) always eventually understand their mistakes and apologize. In the spirit of Soviet-era cartoons, the negative hero can also be re-educated here. In general, the cartoon leaves positive, bright emotions, it is not particularly dynamic, and is not overloaded with special effects.

However, psychologists do not like Luntik. He purple, and this color, according to all psychological canons, is depressive. In addition, as psychologists note, Luntik is an incomprehensible creature that came from some other world.

Parents' opinions were divided. Many people consider this cartoon to be good and harmless, but influence given cartoon on
child's consciousness– positive. In negative reviews from parents, the word most often heard is “dumb”: the cartoon was created for narrow-minded children and does not contribute to their development. The animation is made so that the insects do not look like themselves (caterpillars do not look like caterpillars, a bee does not look like a bee, etc.), this leads some parents to think that in the future the child may have difficulty recognizing what insects look like In fact.

Masha and the Bear

This cartoon is a very interesting phenomenon. He is loved very much, but most are pessimistic about the influence of this cartoon on a child.

If we talk about positive features, then they include the high quality of the cartoon. He is funny, funny, very bright, to the same degree both adults and children like it, made with a good sense of humor. It inherits the musical traditions of Soviet cartoons, in which songs written for cartoons had a very
high quality, became real hits and lived separately from the cartoons themselves.

Psychologists attribute the negative features of the cartoon to the fact that it does not teach respect for adults. Moreover, throughout the entire cartoon, the child openly mocks the adult, personified by the Bear, who can only be offended and nothing else. The child begins to perceive such a scenario of behavior as correct and, quite possibly, is able to transfer it into real life.

The cartoon "Masha and the Bear" is very dynamic, in this it resembles the style of Disney cartoons, bright, lively, cheerful,
characterized by a quick change of plot. Many parents notice that their children become overexcited after watching it, when they begin to rush around the apartment, throw toys around, and jump on upholstered furniture. The girls quote phrases to the machines, which extremely frightens their parents, who do not want to end up in the place of the poor bear. Masha is a hyperactive child, her hyperactivity is contagious for children. The parents mostly see the main negative feature in the fact that Masha is a hooligan who gets away with everything, that is, for all her tricks she has never received any tangible punishment. The bear is a very loyal character who always forgives everything. Parents also note that children are very interested in watching, they cannot be torn away from the TV, and subsequently begin to beg for “Masha” with hysterics.

Smeshariki

The most interesting thing is that against the backdrop of these opinions, “Smeshariki” mostly receives a positive assessment, although it would seem that they contain all the collective features of the so-called “bad cartoon”, from the point of view of modern psychologists and parents: bright colors, quick plot changes , the characters do not look like the real animals they depict (and the hare is not a hare, and the pig is not a pig - they are all the same balls). However, bad comments about the influence of this cartoon on a child very little, which is very different from the perception of the cartoons “Masha and the Bear” and “Luntik”, about which you can find not just bad, but openly aggressive negative comments.

Many, however, note that “Smeshariki” is not really for children; the cartoon very often has deep philosophical overtones. In general, it is very difficult to determine what target audience it is intended for. It is not suitable for young children due to serious philosophizing and the presence of adult (in the cultural sense of the word) jokes; children of 7-8 years of age will also not fully understand many of the plots, and older children are unlikely to
watch "Smesharikov". In general, this is a rather strange phenomenon in modern Russian animation, although very beloved by most. Almost no one talks about the negative impact of this cartoon on children; moreover, the educational “Smeshariki” filmed in 3D evokes absolutely genuine delight among parents.

Disney cartoons

Disney cartoons are usually assessed as a whole, as a separate industry. Reviews, of course, are mostly negative. It is noted that the classic organization of space in a Disney cartoon is usually arranged in such a way that the world lies in evil. Good is local and situational, only some Spider-Man or Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are rare personifications of good and fight evil. Evil is dealt with physically, he is killed, while in Soviet cartoons evil was mainly re-educated and succumbed to persuasion. There is increased aggression in Disney cartoons.

Psychologists are very radical in their assessments. Disney cartoons are blamed for nothing less than a decline in the birth rate. Disney cartoons reinforce the wrong image of women in a child's mind. Too bright and beautiful women's
the characters, who, as noted, are all very similar, literally the same person, form in boys a desire for ideal female beauty, which does not exist in reality. Disney beauties have completely feminine forms and an erotically emphasized image; couples in love kiss in a completely adult way. Disney cartoons make fun of things that are typical of Soviet cartoons. feminine traits like chastity, shyness, modesty, motherhood and selflessness. This establishes a directional model of behavior in girls. The young and beautiful Disney heroine is usually childless. If the image of a mother is encountered, it is, as a rule, an old woman, which does not create motivation for procreation. Psychologists also see a shift in the roles of the sexes in foreign cartoons: female heroines fight seriously, fight evil, acquiring the features of classic Disney male superheroes, thus the usual gender roles are mixed, the feminine ceases to be feminine.

In general, of course, when watching Disney cartoons, they leave a completely different feeling, compared even to modern Russian cartoons. Ours are somehow kinder, more soulful. Here, of course, you need to rely on the difference in cultures and psychology. Negative reviews, of course, have a right to exist, the only thing is that I would like to shift the emphasis a little. It is not entirely correct to consider Disney cartoons as a single shapeless mass and give the same assessments to all cartoons; it is still worth considering each cartoon separately and formulate a separate opinion. Disney cartoons, despite their apparent uniformity, they are still very different. Compare, for example, “Gummi Bears” and “Spider-Man” - to put it mildly, they are not similar, and, most likely, have completely different impact on children.

The task of a modern parent is attention to his child and a strategy of reasonable selection. It is not cartoons that raise children, but parents. No matter what a child sees on the screen, he also sees what is happening in his family: how his parents communicate with each other, how they treat him, what they teach him. Too much influence from cartoons can be prevented by limiting viewing time. There still cannot be a single opinion and unambiguous advice here. A good parent is one who knows what his child watches and how much time he spends in front of the TV. A good parent is the one with whom the child will go communicate and play, easily tearing yourself away from your favorite and most interesting cartoon. Finally, a good parent is one who truly loves their child and spends enough time with them so as not to worry that someone or something will influence the child more than they do.