In fact, the era of mankind liberated from washing began in 1910, when, as Ogonyok wrote, the American engineer A. Fisher patented his device, called the "electric washerwoman." Already in 1925, the first household washing machines appeared in the families of the party nomenklatura in the USSR.
These devices, amazing for those times, came to us mainly from America, and Soviet party workers chose only those models that already looked like furniture, and not like an industrial unit, and could be placed in an apartment without much damage to the interior ...

While the party nomenklatura was washing jackets with the help of imported machines, a simple Soviet worker was tormented with basins and washboards. And for quite a long time, almost before the start of the "thaw" ...


One of the pioneers of washing machine building was the Riga RES plant. The EAYA-2 and EAYA-3 cars, which appeared in stores in the early 50s, cost 600 rubles, with a cost of 1500 - a real miracle of the socialist economy.



Washing machines of the second generation, "Riga-54", most of all resembled the R2D2 robot from the movie epic " Star Wars". Up to 2.5 kg of dry laundry was placed in the stomach of the "robot".

The next model, "Riga-55", completely copied the famous Swedish "Huskvarna", which the chief engineer of the RES brought from an exhibition in Moscow.




The first washing machine with a timer, produced in the USSR - "Vyatka" left the assembly line of the plant in Kirov only in 1966. Its technical solution did not strike the imagination - it was a huge tank with a screw in the bottom. The electric motor turned the screw, and the laundry was washed.

Of the "bells and whistles" in the car, there was a constantly breaking timer. The only thing that could be done with it was to set the duration of the wash.
It was necessary to pour and drain water from the Vyatka manually, but the united army of workers was also happy about this. To say that washing machines were in short supply means to say nothing - the first Vyatkas were sold only in Moscow and only by appointment: they stood in line for 3-5 years.

Washing machine "Volga 8". Millions of Soviet women washed things with her help. But almost no one used the squeeze rollers
The first Soviet semi-automatic washing machine appeared a few years later. Contrary to popular belief, this happened not at all in Kirov, but in the city of Cheboksary. It was made at the Chapaev plant.

It is clear that for an enterprise with that name, washing machines were a by-product. This miracle of Soviet technology was called "Volga-8". By the way, some copies of this washing machine have survived to this day.

Slowly, in accordance with party directives to improve the lives of the people, the production of washing machines in the USSR developed, but from a technical point of view, these units were mostly very primitive.


Advertising washing machines 70s.
However, the Soviet press did not get tired of praising them. “The main advantage of the domestic Vyatok is a simple mechanism.


Any failed part can be repaired quickly and inexpensively, ”Ogonyok wrote in one of the issues of those years. There were other washing machines in the Soviet Union: "Oka", "Siberia", "Dawn", "Ural" - you can’t even remember all of them.












Then centrifuges replaced the rollers, they could already be used for spinning. The most famous option is ZVI brand cars.


And in the early 70s, the first Eureka appeared. It was a huge step forward, if you forget about the fact that the first fully automatic “washer” appeared in 1949, guess where ...


Eureka had a number of advantages. Firstly, it was a drum machine, secondly, spinning was implemented without removing the laundry, and the timer was also automatically drained.

But it was still necessary to fill in the water manually ... Oh, how many times I flooded the poor neighbors forgetting to turn off the water ... It was worse only when the drain hose came off ...


Acquaintance of our compatriots with an automatic washing machine took place towards the end of the 70s of the last century. Then, at the enterprise in Kirov, under the license of the Italian company Merloni Eletrodomestici, a plant was built, which began to produce Vyatok-avtomat, twin sisters of Ariston machines.

I remember when in the early 80s the neighbors got a Vyatka-automatic machine, they came to look at it almost from the whole entrance.

In 1980, a trial model "Vyatka-avtomat-12" was released (the number 12 means the number of programs), and on February 23, 1981, the first batch of 100 machines was produced. The retail price was 495 rubles, a very large amount at that time. Then the cost of the washing machine decreased to 400 rubles.

One of the first advertisements appeared on Soviet television in which they advertised the Vyatka machine gun. Due to their high price in stagnant times, they were sold freely, but in order to buy it, it was necessary to present a certificate from the housing office on the compliance of electrical wiring with power consumption standards. These standards were met by houses built after 1978.
Well, then Western manufacturers came to the market ...

2.5 Washing machine SMA-4FB "Vyatka-avtomat-12"

The machine is powered by a network of cold and hot water, designed for washing, rinsing and spinning products from all types of fabrics using low-foaming synthetic detergents. It has front loading laundry with 12 programs (6 for thick fabrics and 6 for delicate fabrics).

The machine provides a choice of washing modes by a set of a specific program. Programs are dialed with the control knob of the command device and special switches located on the front panel of the machine body. The machine is protected against water overflow and is equipped with a hydraulic filter that ensures the retention of foreign bodies.

Regulation of the program and temperature of washing solutions during washing, rinsing and spinning of products is carried out automatically. Manually only load products and detergents, dial the necessary program, turn off the machine and unload clean linen.

Command apparatus consists of a set of cams rotating from a synchronous microelectric motor.

The number of cams depends on the number of washing machine programs. The command device is designed to perform two complete cycles. The cycles are separated by two stops. Within these basic cycles, a certain number of programs can be selected, which varies for each machine model.

Level sensor-relay RU-3SM serves to control the predetermined level of water filling into the tank of the washing machine. The level sensor-switch is set to operate at pressure, Pa:

1765 - when the water level rises;

588 - when the water level drops.

The principle of operation of the level switch is based on the transformation of the pressure created by the liquid column and acting on the membrane into the movement of movable contacts and switching of the contact devices of the level switch. When the pressure rises and the upper set level value is reached, the diaphragm switches the contacts through the pusher. When the pressure drops by the value of the sensitivity zone, the reverse switching of contacts occurs.

Temperature sensor-relay . The washing machine uses three temperature sensors DRT-A or DRT-B (for temperature 40, 60, 90 FROM). The rated voltage of the sensors is 220 V.

Measuring the temperature of the controlled liquid leads to a change in the deflection of the sensitive element. When the control fluid is heated, the deflection of the sensing element decreases, and when the operating temperature is reached, the temperature relay snaps out the disk, presses the spring through the pusher sleeve and opens the relay contacts.

Solenoid valves are used in two types: single and triple. The valves are designed for a rated voltage of 220 V, their throughput water 10 l/min. Minimum working pressure 49 kPa, maximum working pressure 784 kPa. Solenoid valves interrupt the supply of cold and hot water at the entrance of the machine at the required time. When the electric coil is turned on, the piston is drawn into the coil, freeing the pipe to supply the water flow. The operation algorithm and block diagram of the SMA-4FB Vyatka-avtomat-12 washing machine is shown in fig. 2.7.

Description of the SMA operation algorithm according to the block diagram .

After loading the laundry into the washing machine and filling the synthetic detergents into the dispenser, close the hatch cover of the loading opening. The operating mode is set using the command device. The command device, in turn, in accordance with the specified mode, selects the program of the washing machine. The model of the washing machine under consideration has 12 operating modes, consisting of a set of programs. The operation of the four major programs is discussed below.

Wash . Washing begins with pumping water to a certain level. If the water temperature does not correspond to this mode, then it is heated to the set temperature. After that, the drum begins to rotate at a frequency of 55-62 rpm in one direction and then in the other direction. After the washing time has elapsed, the drum stops, and then the electric pump turns on to pump out water from the washing machine tank. This completes the washing process, after which the next programs begin.

Figure 2.7 - Block diagram of the operation of the washing machine SMA-4FB "Vyatka-avtomat-12"

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION GOU VPO

Ufa State Academy of Service Economics

Department of MABN

COURSE WORK

in the discipline "Diagnostics of infantry fighting vehicles"

on the topic : Washing machine diagnostics
automatic type

SMA "Vyatka-Avtomat".

Completed: Art. gr. MZ-6

*****@***en

Checked: Associate Professor, Ph.D.

*****@***en

Ufa-2006

1) Description of the automatic type washing machine "Vyatka-

Automatic "…….………………………………………………………………3

2) Development of a structural-functional diagram of a washing machine ... ..13

3) Development of a functional model for two faults…………..15

4) Development of a troubleshooting matrix for the first fault…17

5) Development of a troubleshooting algorithm for the second fault

half-partition method……………………………………….....19

6) Development of a troubleshooting algorithm

washing machine………………………………………………………21

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Fig1. The design of the washing machine "Vyatka-Automatic"

	2 - support
3 – tank suspension spring	4 - hose
5 - solenoid valve	6 - washing tank
	8 - inlet hose
9 - thermostat sensor	10 - electric heater
11 - electric motor	12 - drain hose
13 - tube level sensor
15 - capacitor	16 - shock absorber spring
17 - friction disc	18 - electric pump
19 - filter	20 - drainage tube
21 - level sensor	22 - counterweight
23 - command device	24 - indicator lamp
25 - program switch	26 - command device handle
27 - front wall of the case	28 - machine body
29 - manhole cover	30 - housing cover
31 - dispenser box	32 - inlet hose
33 - solenoid valve

The car works from a network of cold and hot water supply, is intended for washing, rinsing and an extraction of products from all types of fabrics. It has front loading linen. The machine provides a choice of washing modes with a set of a specific program using low-foaming synthetic detergents. Programs are gaining

Employees "href="/text/category/sluzhashie/" rel="bookmark"> used to select the economical mode of washing and spinning; to the right of the switch are the command device 23 and the neon lamp 24, signaling the operation of the electric motor. The control unit is closed with a plastic panel, on which handles 26 of the command device and switch 25 are removed; here (on the left) there is a box 31 of the detergent dispenser and a panel with program inscriptions located under the handle of the dispenser box.

Washing tank 6 is made of carbon steel with subsequent hot enamelling. The upper part of the washing tub is suspended from the body of the machine on two cylindrical springs 3. The springs are attached to the upper part of the housing through supports 2. Metal springs are welded to the bottom of the washing tub on both sides: counterweights 22 made of concrete are fixed on the washing tub. Tubular electric heating and temperature sensor 9 are built inside the washing tub. A perforated washing drum with three ribs is installed in the washing tub. The axis of the washing drum through the seals in the cast support attached to the rear wall of the washing tub is extended beyond the limits of the latter. A pulley 7 is put on the axle, connected by a V-belt to a pulley on the motor shaft. In the front wall of the washing tub there is a loading opening connected to the loading hatch with a

fixed rubber cuff of a special profile. In this part of the machine, a drain electric pump 18 and a removable filter 19 are installed, the cover of which is displayed on the lower part of the front panel of the housing. The machine is equipped with a removable water inlet hose 8 and a drain hose 12. The presence of a rectangular hole closed by a lid in the rear part of the machine and the possibility of removing the top cover provide convenient access to the structural elements and devices of the machine, which has great importance during its repair.

Level sensor-relay RU-3SM

The RU-3SM level sensor-relay is used to control the set level of water filling into the washing machine tank. The level sensor-switch is set to operate at pressure, Pa: 1765 - when the water level rises; 588 - when the water level drops. Operating range - when the level rises from 755 to 2450 Pa, dead zone - not less than 490 Pa. The electrical load on the contacts of the switching device of the level relay is not more than 16 A at a voltage of not more than 250 V AC, a frequency of 50 Hz and a power factor of at least 0.8.

All main parts of the level switch are fixed on the housing (Fig. 2). A membrane is placed between the body 2 and the cover, which serves as a sensitive element and divides the level switch into two cavities. One cavity is airtight and is connected through fitting 3 with a controlled water level. Switches are placed in the second cavity. A rigid center is connected to the membrane with pushers, which through the stops 7 transmit force to the switching flat springs and to the adjustment springs 9. On the opposite side, the springs 9 abut against the adjusting screws 8. The instantaneous transfer of contacts is carried out by tipping springs.

Rice. 2 Schematic diagram of the level switch.

1 - rivet, 2 - body, 3 - fitting, 4 - membrane, 5 - cover, 6 - center with pushers, 7 - stop, 8 - adjusting screw, 9 - spring

The fixed contacts are fixed to the body with 2 rivets 1. Adjustment of operation and dead zone, as well as the gaps between the contacts, is carried out with special screws. Setting to the required levels

actuation is performed by changing the compression of the tuning spring by screws 8.

An additional protective contact is built into the level switch on the switching plates. The cover 5 of the membrane 4 is attached to the body 2 by rolling the edges of the cover onto the shoulder of the body. To eliminate the influence of controlled level pulsations on operation, a calibrated hole for air throttling is made in fitting 3.

The principle of operation of the water level switch (also called a pressure switch) is based on the conversion of the pressure created by the liquid column and acting on the membrane into moving movable contacts and switching the contact devices of the level switch. When the pressure rises and the upper set value of the water level is reached, the membrane switches the contacts through the pushers. When the pressure decreases by the value of the dead zone, the reverse switching of contacts occurs. Instantaneous transfer of contacts is carried out by switching flat springs.

Depending on the design, the relay can be configured to several levels. On fig. 3 shows the three states of the so-called two-level relay.

Rice. 3 Schematic diagram of the level switch.

a) both contacts (A and B) are open;

b) level I: contact A is closed, contact B is open;

c) level I: contacts A and B are closed.

When switching currents up to 16 A and voltage 220 V, it is possible to weld the contacts at the time of draining the water. In this case, to prevent the heating element from burning out, an additional contact is built into the level switch, switching a current of 0.1 A at a voltage of 220 V and reliably closing when the water is drained from the tank below a predetermined level point. Through the protective contact, the power supply circuit of the electric valve is switched on to open the emergency water supply to the washing machine tank,

Reverse" href="/text/category/revers/" rel="bookmark">reverse).

The working cams control the electric motor of the washing machine, the drain pump, the inlet solenoid valve and the heating element. Auxiliary cams control the change in the direction of rotation of the drum during washing, as well as special programs for washing and spinning (delicate modes).

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Rice. 4 Cam-type command device:

1 - cams, 2 - electric motor, 3 - contacts, 4 - program disk, 5 - program selection knob

A group of working (main) cams is driven by the electric motor of the command apparatus. The cams make discrete turns (steps), with a full 360° cam rotation typically taking 60 steps. Depending on the design of the command device, the time for a complete revolution can be 90, 120 or even 300 minutes.

The working cam is designed in such a way that the contact it controls can be in two or three positions. The two positions correspond to the states "closed" or "open". The three positions correspond to the states:

Closing the contact between the common input and output A;

Circuit opening;

Closing the contact between common input and output B.

The time spent by the contacts in one position or another is determined by the profile of the cam. The graph reflecting the state of the contacts at each step of the program execution is called the sequence diagram of the command device (Fig. 5).

To perform some special operations, the command apparatus can be equipped with a system for stopping the movement of the cams. This lock may remain until the washing machine performs certain functions. The washing program continues after these functions have been completed.

For example, the "Thermostop" device is used to prevent the movement of the cams of the command device until the water in the tank reaches the desired temperature. It blocks the working cams in relation to the main axis of the command device, leaving only the auxiliary cams in operation.

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Rice. 5 Contact states at various program execution steps (commander sequence diagram)

Another blocking operation, "Hydrostop" (sometimes also called "Stop after rinse" or "Stop before spinning") consists in stopping the machine with laundry and a partially filled water tank after a gentle rinse when washing delicate fabrics. To do this, the power supply to the electric motor of the command device is interrupted. The operation of the machine is suspended until the user manually moves the command device one step.

The main switch of the machine can also be built into the command device; in this case, it can be turned on and off using the program selection knob, moving it along the axis of the command device (pulling it out or pushing it in). The influence on the main contacts L and N of the power supply circuit of the washing machine occurs with the help of a disk combined with a handle (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6 Contact closure of the main switch of the washing machine when the program selection knob is pulled out

Temperature controllers (thermostats)

Bimetallic regulators are widely used as thermostats (temperature switches). The principle of operation of the thermostat is based on the thermal deformation of metals. Two plates made of metals with different coefficients of thermal expansion, such as steel and copper, acquire different lengths when heated. Being fastened along its entire length, such a bimetallic strip bends towards the metal with a lower thermal expansion coefficient (Fig. 7).

Rice. 7 Behavior of strips made of metals with different coefficients of thermal expansion upon heating: bimetallic strip bonded along its entire length

The view of the bimetallic thermostat is shown in fig. 8, a circuit diagram his work is shown in Fig. 9. Using a sealing sleeve, the thermostat is built into the tank of the washing machine. A change in the temperature of the washing solution leads to a change in the deflection of the sensitive element - bimetallic plate 2. When the water in the tank is heated, the deflection of the bimetallic plate decreases, and when the relay operation temperature is reached, the flat spring instantly changes its position to the opposite (Fig. 9) and opens contacts 4. Upon cooling the reverse process of closing contacts takes place.

The thermostat can be normally open (when heated, the contacts of the electrical circuit close) and normally closed (when heated, the circuit breaks). Normally closed type is typical for thermostats for protective or restrictive purposes.

Rice. 8 General form bimetal thermostat:

1 - sensor; 2 - body

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Rice. 9 Schematic diagram of the operation of a bimetallic thermostat:

1-sensor; 2-bimetallic plate; 3-body; 4 - contact system

Solenoid valve

The solenoid valve is designed to open the water supply to the washing machine when the tank is full and interrupt the water supply to the tank at the required time. Appearance solenoid valve is shown in fig. 10, and its diagram is in Fig. 11. The normal position of the solenoid valve is closed. When the valve is turned on under the action of magnetic field coil 1 of the electromagnet, the core 3 is drawn into it. At this moment, the through hole of the valve opens, and the water supply to the washing tub begins. After filling in the required amount of water, the electrical circuit of the electromagnetic valve is opened, the core of the electromagnet is lowered under the action of the spring force, blocking the through hole.

Rice. 10 Appearance of the solenoid valve

Rice. 11 Solenoid valve diagram:

a) - the valve is closed; b) - the valve is open: 1 - electromagnet; 2 - spiral spring; 3 - the core of the electromagnet; 4 - valve membrane; 5 - through hole; 6 - leveling hole

Rice. 12: Electrical circuit diagram of the Vyatka-Avtomat washing machine.

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2) Noise filter

4) Valve device 1

5) Valve device 2

6) Signal lamp for motor operation

8) Detergent tank 1

9) Detergent tank 2

10) Cold water pipe

11) Micro switch

12) manhole cover

13) Washing machine drum

14) Washing machine drum pulley

15) Drive belt

16) Motor pulley

17) electric motor DASM-4

18) Motor start capacitor

19) Water level sensor RU-3SM

21) Commander

22) Temperature sensors (400С, 600С, 890С)

23) Electrothermal relay (RK-1-3)

24) TEN (thermal electric heater)

25) Pump filter

27) Drain pipe

https://pandia.ru/text/78/040/images/image029_5.gif" width="492" height="242 src=">

1) Washing machine power cord

2) Noise filter

3) Washing machine switch

4) Command apparatus

5) Temperature sensors (400С, 600С, 890С)

6) TEN (thermal electric heater)

7) micro switch

8) Economy wash switch

9) Micro electric motor controller

https://pandia.ru/text/78/040/images/image031_0.jpg" width="619" height="339 src=">

1) Economy wash switch

2) Micro electric motor controller

3) Command apparatus

4) Electrothermal relay (RK-1-3)

5) Motor start capacitor

6) electric motor DASM-4

7) Motor pulley

8) Drive belt

9) Washing machine drum pulley

10) Washing machine drum

11) micro switch

12) manhole cover

13) Washing machine switch

14) Noise filter

15) Washing machine power cord

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Z 1=0 - The power cord of the washing machine does not conduct current

Z 2=0 - Noise filter is defective

Z 3=0 - The washing machine switch does not turn off

Z 4=0 - The command device does not work

Z 5=0 - Temperature sensors (400С, 600С, 890С) are overheated

Z 6 \u003d 0 - TEN (thermal electric heater) burned out

Z 7=0 - The microswitch is not working

Z 8=0 - Economy wash switch not working

Z 9=0 - The micro electric motor of the command device is out of order

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https://pandia.ru/text/78/040/images/image039_2.gif" width="701" height="1072 src="> Development aTroubleshooting algorithm

washing machine for malfunction "The washing machine does not spin the laundry.

For repairs and other technical issues, click here. Repair of household and office equipment.

Connecting the motor Vyatka - automatic. Krasnodar Kuban.

The electric motor from the Vyatka washing machine - the machine is designed to work in a single-phase network. Consists of two working and two reverse coils. Together with the capacitors, they create the direction of rotation of the shaft.

Vyatki had different modifications of engines, but their characteristics were approximately the same. All of them have two reverse speeds of rotation. 2200 rpm min. for spinning and 450 rev. min per wash cycle.

According to the number of connection terminals, the motors were 6-pin and 5-pin.

But their connection scheme was the same - five wire. In 6-pin electric motors, contacts 1 and 4 (the first two) are shorted, this is a common output for connecting to the network.

The second network wire is connected to one of the two capacitors. Moreover, at one end of the capacitor, direct rotation, and at the second, reverse rotation of each speed. For a speed of 2200 rpm, a paper capacitor is placed at 16 microfarads, and at 450 rpm - 12 microfarads. The voltage of the capacitors is desirable to choose at least 500 volts.

When properly turned on, the motors easily start in both directions. The only thing to do when reversing the direction of rotation is to wait until the shaft has completely stopped rotating. The windings of these motors do not withstand high currents.

Thermal contact, if the motor runs in the cold, it is better to turn it off. They break at sub-zero temperatures as well as overheating.

Produced since 1981. The only automatic washing machine produced in the Soviet Union [ ] .

Encyclopedic YouTube

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✪ Connecting the motor from the washing machine "Vyatka"

✪ VYATKA machine - 14

Subtitles

History

In 1974, the Kirov plant Elektrobytpribor bought a license from the Italian company Merloni Projeti (now Indesit) for the production of automatic washing machines. In 1979, the construction of a new production complex of the plant was completed, using equipment supplied by an Italian company. In 1980, a trial model "Vyatka-avtomat-12" was released (the number 12 means the number of programs. Actually, this is just the number of operations programmed by a mechanical command apparatus. There were two consecutive programs, and the "expansion" to 12 was carried out by skipping the initial operations in the cyclogram, with the appropriate setting of the selector knob.), and on February 23, 1981, the first batch of 100 machines was produced. Vyatka-12 was followed by Vyatka-automatic-14 and -16. The retail price was 495 rubles, a very large amount at that time, about three times the average monthly salary. Then the cost of the washing machine decreased to 400 rubles. One of the first advertisements appeared on Soviet television, in which the Vyatka machine gun was advertised. Due to their high price in Soviet times, they were sold freely, but for the purchase it was necessary to present a certificate from the housing office on the compliance of electrical wiring with power consumption standards. These standards were met by houses built after 1978. A characteristic feature of the machine was that it was connected not only to cold, but also to hot water supply, which, as conceived by the developers, made it possible to save electricity.

In 1991, the plant switched to a rental form of ownership, and in 1992 it was transformed into a production and trading company "Vesta". A new range has been developed. Due to the difficult economic situation in the country and the inability to compete with foreign manufacturers in 1998, PTF Vesta was declared bankrupt. To reorganize production, the Alyonka company was created, which gained control over the brand, in 2000 it was renamed Vesta OJSC.

In 2005, the Vesta plant was bought out by the Italian company Candy (the fourth largest manufacturer of household appliances in Europe), and the equipment was completely renovated at a cost of 18 million euros. The new owner abandoned the original plans to stop production of Vyatka and decided to develop the brand further [ ] . New models "Vyatka-Maria" and "Vyatka-Katyusha" appeared. In 2006, the production volume amounted to 60 thousand units, in 2008 it increased to 300 thousand washing machines per year.