Ege task 15 Russian language is already suffering. with single unions

1. Place punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1. There is no measure, no name, no comparison for our suffering.
2. Only the yellow squares of the windows of the log hut cut through the darkness, and in the center of the blizzard round dance a bright red tongue dances.
3. Morning in the forest and in the coastal bushes meets with bird whistling and clicking.
4. Nuts are either ground into flour in a hand mill or put into water overnight and kneaded into dough the next morning.
5. Summer this year came late and was unlike any other summer.

2. Place punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1. With frightening haste, the fog left the swamp and its white wisps looked like swans soaring into the sky.
2. There are few mushrooms in dark and damp spruce forests with a lot of blueberries.
3. The cart bounced, then sank somewhere in the depths, then swayed.
4. Not only among the Slavs, but also among all ancient peoples, the oak was revered as a sacred tree.
5. Somewhere behind the houses shots rang out and sank into the blue dome of the sky.

3. Arrange punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1. Only under the wall of the brigade barracks and near the poles of the pole fence stick out bundles of dusty grass.
2. Then suddenly the starling will let out a nightingale ringing trill, then it will quack like a wild duck.
3. The autumn sun and wind dried the leaves on the trees and dyed them yellow and brown.
4. I spent whole days wandering through the forest, climbing into the very jungle and examining the footprints on the ground.
5. The wind raged, ruffled cold puddles bent slender, flexible poplars to the ground.

4. Place punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1. The shadows from the old blackened trees fell into the rooms, and therefore the apartment was always gloomy and cold.
2. The alarmed swan rose above the water and waved its wide silver wings.
3. Nomadic life has not changed anything either in appearance or in character or in Oska's speech.
4. I toiled from the sensation of either impending troubles or an incipient illness.
5. Brown hares run through the fields at night, digging up winter bread, leaving tangled tracks in the snow.

5. Place punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1. I went out the door and at the steps of the porch I saw a fox.
2. Daily trips to school through a dark, dense forest hardened not only Glebka's muscles, but also his character.
3. The streets themselves seemed either gorges or riverbeds.
4. Later, Glebka got used to the rustling and the noises of the forest and the darkness.
5. Flowers appear above water only in the morning or evening.

6. Arrange punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1. The night grew colder, and dampness wafted from the river.
2. Lida was shivering either from the cold or from fear.
3. Flowers subtly and gently smell of the freshness of the river and hay.
4. The entire space from the edge of the village to the lake was filled with tents, carts and cars.
5. The next day, Mikhail Prokofievich calmly went to Sokolniki or Kolomenskoye, walked and indulged in reflections.

7. Arrange punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1. Behind all these events, Petka and Vaska forgot about the tent for several days.
2. The sun sank into crimson clouds and began to drizzle several times.
3. The dense crowns of the trees in the master's garden murmured softly thoughtfully, and their barely audible rustle merged and died away in the deep stillness of the night.
4. The next morning, grandfather put on clean shoes and new bast shoes, took a staff and a piece of bread and wandered into the city.
5. Every bush and every tree collects rainwater on its leaves and showers the traveler in large drops from head to toe.

8. Place punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1. Marina successfully passed the first and second screenings and was admitted to the exam before the state commission.
2. All the heavy and dense foliage of the poplar trembled and rustled from the storm.
3. Around the grandmother's eyes, small wrinkles scattered like rays, and streams of laughter of greetings and barely noticeable clever cunning ran from her eyes.
4. The ice floe stirred under my feet and the crack began to grow before my eyes.
5. Only our northern spring plays with winds and fogs, rains and frosts so easily.

9. Place punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1. Before evening, people gathered at the station not only from the village, but from all neighboring villages.
2. I stopped solving the problem and ran into the garden to the guys.
3. One day he [Mikhail Prokofievich] could completely oversleep, but then he wrote or read books all night long.
4. Within a second, Sedletsky managed to see streams of rain and wet roofs of houses and a black seething canyon in the lowland.
5. The man took off his hat, put it under his arm, wiped the sweat with his only hand, and calmly looked around.

(The authors of the texts used to compile the test: Autocrats N., Arsenyev V., Bergholz O., Borzunov S., Brazhnin I., Veresaev V., Verzilin N., Vsevolzhsky I., Gaidar A., ​​Golubev G., Golyavkin V. ., Davydova N., Dubov N., Kokovin E., Krapivin V., Kubansky G., Kuprin A. Likhachev V., Medynsky G., Miroshnichenko G., Nikolaev I., Oseeva V., Panova V., Paustovsky K., Platov L., Rybakov A., Ryss E., Sokolov-Mikitov I., Fedorov E., Chesnokov I., Shatalov V., Yarotsky B.)

Theory "Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech"

Spelling Н and НН in nouns

NN is written:

1. if the root of the word ends in n, and the suffix starts with n. For example: cavalry, dowry, raspberry.
2. if the noun is formed from an adjective or from a participle having nn. For example: contemporary, solemnity.

N is written:
If the noun is formed from the stem of the adjective with one n. For example: sandstone, spices, youth.

Spelling Н and НН in suffixes of denominative adjectives (formed from a noun)

NN is written:

1. in adjectives formed from nouns and adjectives with the help of suffixes -enn-, -onn-. For example: revolutionary, temporary, hefty.An exception: windy.
2. in adjectives formed from nouns with a base on -n with a suffix -n-. For example: long, foggy, cast-iron.

• adjectives lamb, seal, pork and similar ones are written with one n, since they are formed from nouns with a stem on n by adding a suffix -y-.
• adjectives spicy, ruddy, youthful written from one n, since these are non-derivative adjectives.

N is written:
H is written in adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan-. For example: mouse, goose, water.Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

Spelling Н and НН in verbal adjectives and participles

NN is written:

1. full passive past participles. For example: twisted, dug out, bought
2. in adjectives in -wounded, -wounded, -wounded. For example: marinated, uprooted, asphalted

N is written:
1) in verbal adjectives. For example: whitewashed walls, laden wagon
2) in short participles. For example: made, mastered, painted

Spelling H and HH in adverbs

In adverbs, as many n are written as they are written in the word from which the adverb is formed. For example: accidentally (unintentionally), confused (confused), windy (windy)

The fifteenth task of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language involves testing students' knowledge of the rules of punctuation of the Russian language. For the correct completion of this task, you can get as many as two primary points, so you need to prepare well for it. The theoretical material below can help with this.

Theory for assignment No. 15 USE in the Russian language

Punctuation with homogeneous members of a sentence

Punctuation in compound sentences

Task execution algorithm

1. Read the assignment carefully.
2. Write down the correct answer.

Analysis of typical options for task No. 15 USE in the Russian language

Fifteenth task of the 2018 demo

Set up punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1. The captivating beauty of Russian landscapes is amazing and remains in memory for a long time.
2. Among the most ancient images on the walls of the caves of the Paleolithic era are prints of a human hand and incomprehensible patterns with random weaves of wavy lines.
3. Descartes built the logic of knowledge from the simplest and obvious to the complex and incomprehensible.
4. Artistic speech is characterized by both imagery and emotionality.
5. The poet sees now the diamond shine of a birch forest, now the velvet shine of arable land, now the amber shine of candles.

Task execution algorithm:

1. Place punctuation marks in sentences.

• The captivating beauty of Russian landscapes is amazing and remains in memory for a long time.- The sentence is simple, complicated by homogeneous predicates connected by a single union AND, therefore there are no commas in the sentence.
• Among the most ancient images on the walls of caves of the Paleolithic era are prints of a human hand, and incomprehensible patterns with random interweaving of wavy lines.- The sentence is simple, complicated by homogeneous additions connected by a repeating union AND, which means we put ONE comma between them.
• Descartes built the logic of knowledge from the simplest and obvious to the complex and incomprehensible.- A simple sentence, complicated by two groups of homogeneous additions, interconnected by single unions I. There are no commas.
• Artistic speech is characterized by both figurativeness and emotionality. The sentence is simple, complicated by homogeneous additions connected by the union both ... and ..., between the parts of which a comma is always placed. ONE comma per sentence.
• The poet sees now the diamond shine of a birch forest, now the velvet shine of arable land, now the amber shine of candles. The sentence is simple, complicated by homogeneous additions connected by the union then ..., then ..., then ..., between the parts of which a comma is always placed. There are two commas in the sentence.

Answer: 2, 4.

The first version of the task

2. The sun went down and fog fell on the ground.
3. The sun went down, it became cool and fog fell on the ground.
4. The sun turned red, became huge and began to slowly set behind the forest.
5. The sun turned red and became huge, it began to slowly set and then completely disappeared behind the forest.

Task execution algorithm:

1. We put punctuation marks and find sentences with one comma.
2. Place punctuation marks in sentences.

• In the evening the sun went down and fog fell on the ground.- The sentence is complex, has two parts, two grammatical bases ( ), do not put a comma, since two simple sentences in the complex have a common secondary member of the sentence in the evening.
• The sun went down, and fog fell on the ground.- The sentence is complex, has two parts, two grammatical bases ( 1 - the sun has set, 2 - the fog has fallen), we put a comma between the parts of a complex sentence, since there is no common secondary member of the sentence, there is no common subordinate clause or part of an impersonal sentence.
• The sun went down, it became cool, and fog fell on the ground.- The proposal is complex, consists of three parts ( 1 - the sun has set, 2 - it has become cool, 3 - the fog has fallen), we put commas between parts of a complex sentence. This is a complex sentence with several grammatical stems that are not connected by a common sentence member or introductory word.
• The sun turned red, became huge and began to slowly set behind the forest.- The sentence is simple, complicated by homogeneous predicates, we put one comma between the first and second predicates, before a single union And with homogeneous members, a comma is not put.
• The sun turned red and became huge, it began to slowly set, and then completely disappeared behind the forest.- The sentence is complex, consists of two parts, has two grammatical bases ( 1- the sun turned red, became huge; 2 - it began to sit down, disappeared); each part, in turn, is complicated by homogeneous predicates: the first comma is placed between the parts of a complex non-union sentence, the second comma separates homogeneous predicates.

Answer: 2, 4.

The second version of the task

Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

1. Our ability to think about the consequences of our actions and deeds is what distinguishes us from animals.
2. Man is able to think about the consequences of his actions and deeds, and this distinguishes us from animals.
3. Man is able to think about the consequences of his actions and decisions, and this distinguishes us from animals.
5. What distinguishes us from animals is our ability to think about the consequences of our actions and decisions.

Task execution algorithm:

1. We put punctuation marks and find sentences with one comma.
2. Place punctuation marks in sentences.

• Our ability to think about the consequences of our actions and deeds distinguishes us from animals.- In the first sentence, a comma is not required - there is a union "and" between the homogeneous members of "actions and deeds".
• Man is able to think about the consequences of his actions and deeds, and this distinguishes us from animals.- In the second sentence, you need to put one comma - after the word "deeds"; she will separate the grammatical bases "a person is capable" and "it distinguishes".
• A person is able to think over the consequences of his actions, actions, decisions, and this distinguishes us from animals.- Three commas are required in the third sentence. Commas are placed between homogeneous members, as well as between parts of a complex sentence.
• The ability to think about consequences is what separates us from animals.- In the fourth sentence, a comma is not needed, since the sentence is simple, uncomplicated.
• What distinguishes us from animals is our ability to think about the consequences of our actions, deeds and decisions.- A comma is placed here only between homogeneous members that are not connected by a union.

Answer: 2, 5.

The third version of the task

Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

1. Bacteria, fungi and invertebrates are involved in the whole cycle of biological and chemical processes in the soil and support its existence.
2. Both bacteria and fungi and invertebrates are involved in the cycle of biological and chemical processes in the soil and support its existence.
3. Both bacteria and fungi and invertebrates are involved in the cycle of biological and chemical processes in the soil and this maintains its normal existence.

Task execution algorithm:

1. We put punctuation marks and find sentences with one comma.
2. Place punctuation marks in sentences.

• Bacteria, fungi and invertebrates are involved in the whole cycle of biological and chemical processes in the soil and support its existence.- Here we put a comma between homogeneous members that are not connected by the union "and". After the word "soil" a comma is not needed, because the predicates "involved" and "support" are homogeneous, connected by the union "and".
• Bacteria, fungi, and invertebrates are involved in the cycle of biological and chemical processes in the soil and support its existence.- In this case, the union "and" connects several homogeneous members, so you need to put commas before it.
• Both bacteria and fungi and invertebrates are involved in the cycle of biological and chemical processes in the soil, and this maintains its normal existence.- The first comma is placed as part of the link “both ... and ...”, and the second separates the grammatical foundations of a complex sentence.
• The normal existence of the soil is maintained by biological and chemical processes involving both bacteria and fungi and invertebrates.- Again, a comma in the composition "both ... and ...".
• Biological and chemical processes involving many biological components support the normal existence of the soil.- The fifth sentence does not require punctuation marks - the homogeneous members "biological and chemical" are connected by the union "and".

Task 15 USE 2015

This is how the task in the 2015 demo is formulated:

Arrange the signs punctuation. Indicate the numbers of offers in which you want to put ONE comma.

1) Someone cleaned up the tower and waited for the owners.

2) In the syntactic structure of two poetic texts, we can find both similarities and differences.

3) M.V. Lomonosov outlined the distinction between significant and functional words, and in the future this distinction was supported by the largest representatives of Russian science.

4) Many literary critics and historians argue again and again about Goethe's correspondence with the great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin.

5) A.S. Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of houses, centuries-old forests and cozy seaside towns.

Remember: for completing task 15, from 0 to 2 points can be set.

For each correctly indicated digit corresponding to the number of the answer, the examiner receives 1 point. If 2 numbers are correct, the examiner gets 2 points. The order in which the digits are written in the answer does not matter.

The task combines two tasks from last year's KIMs: on commas in compound sentences and in sentences with homogeneous members. The answers may contain 2 examples with BSC, or 2 examples with homogeneous members, or 1 - BSC and 1 - with homogeneous members.

As follows from the wording of KIM 15, it is necessary to remember how punctuation marks are placed in a simple complicated sentence (with homogeneous members) and in a compound sentence.

The main concept that allows us to distinguish between simple and complex sentences is GRAMMATICAL BASIS.

The grammatical basis is made up of the main members of the sentence, that is, the subject and predicate in a two-part sentence or one of the main members in a one-part sentence.

A simple sentence contains one grammatical basis. It can be complicated, in this task we are interested in punctuation marks in a simple sentence, complicated by HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS.

PUNCIATION MARKS in a simple sentence complicated by HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

Homogeneous members of a sentence refer to the same member of the sentence, answer the same question, and depend on the same member of the sentence.

Pay attention to the following:

First, homogeneous members of a sentence are NOT ALWAYS the same part of speech. The most important thing is that they answer the same question and depend on one word!

Secondly, ANY MEMBERS of a sentence can be homogeneous: the subject, the predicate, the definition, the object, and the circumstance.

Homogeneous members of a sentence can be used:

without alliances

with single unions

with repeated alliances

with double alliances

Bloomed in the garden roses, lilies, chamomile

connecting unions and, yes (= and), or

Suddenly a storm came up large AND frequent hail.

autumn freshness, foliage AND fruits fragrant garden.

opposing unions a, but, yes (= but), but, however

Not iron key heart opens, kindness.

or either

not that... not that

1) and Ο, and Ο, and Ο

or Ο, or Ο, or Ο

I seem to be THAT noisy feasts, then military mill, THEN contractions combat.

2) Ο, and Ο, and Ο

You me don't you hear, OR you do not understand, Or simply you ignore.

3) Ο and Ο, Ο and Ο

Blizzards AND snowstorm, cold AND darkness did not prevent the polar explorers from landing on the ice floes.

not only but

like...and

if not...then

not so much as

though...but

A comma is placed before the second part of the union!

not only Ο, but also Ο

both Ο and Ο

These norms can be remembered HOW masters sports, SO newcomers.

PUNCUNCATION IN SENTENCES WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

A comma is placed:

1. , (Peopledancing, laughing .)

2. , but (Wetired but done the task.)

3. and , And (On the table wereand paints and brushes .)

, And , And (On the table werepaints, and brushes, and felt-tip pens .)

4. how , so (On the table wereboth paints and brushes . On the table werenot only paints, but also brushes )

The comma is not put:

And brought to the librarybooks and dictionaries .

or Bring to the librarybooks or dictionaries .

Trap #1!

A sentence can have several rows of homogeneous members, so distinguish between constructions with homogeneous members of the sentence connected by repeated unions, and constructions with several rows of homogeneous members, which are connected within a row by a single union.

(This is a sentence with three rows of homogeneous members: two homogeneous subjects, two homogeneous predicates and two homogeneous circumstances):

No commas anywhere!

Trap #2!

Phraseological turns

(stable combinations of words):

punctuation marks in a compound sentence

A compound sentence is a complex sentence in which simple sentences are connected by coordinating conjunctions and, as a rule, are equal grammatically and in meaning.

Coordinating conjunctions connecting simple sentences are between simple sentences and are not included in any of them.

In compound sentences, parts are separated from each other by commas.

, .

Punctuation marks are not used in compound sentences.

1. If there is a common member of the sentence, for example: In autumn, nature falls asleep and people prepare for winter.

(In autumn - a common term: nature falls asleep (when?) in the fall, people prepare for winter (when?) in the fall. A comma is not needed.)

2. If there is an introductory word common to parts, for example: To my surprise, the weather changed dramatically and a real heat set in.

(surprisingly - an introductory word, it refers to both parts of the sentence)

3. If the parts of a compound sentence have a common subordinate clause or a common non-union part, for example: When mother entered the room,1 /the fragments of the vase lay on the floor2/ and the children tried to pick them up3.

(each of the parts of the compound sentence (2) and (3) refers to the general subordinate clause (1)

Note:

In the cases listed in paragraphs. 1–3, commas are placed if there are repeated unions. For example:

In autumn, nature falls asleep, and people prepare for winter.

(there is a common term: in autumn, but there is also a repeating union: and... and... so a comma is needed)

Unfortunately, either the teacher got sick, or the guys decided to skip the lesson.

(there is a common introductory word, but there is also a repeating conjunction either...or... so a comma is needed)

4. If parts of a compound sentence are:

interrogative sentences, for example: When will you come again and can we meet?

incentives, such as: Try to do everything well and let everything work out for you!

exclamatory sentences, for example: How good you are and how I like everything!

nominal sentences, for example: Heat and closeness. Cold and rain.

impersonal sentences, for example: Hot and stuffy. Cold and rainy.