Basic knowledge of electrical engineering. Do-it-yourself electrician in your house
Welcome to the video tutorial on electricity. This video tutorial will help everyone who comes across electricity in everyday life, as well as many novice electricians, to understand the basic terms and skills. The training video course of a young electrician will help you in life and save your life from electric shock.
The author of the course, Vladimir Kozin, will help you learn with video examples what an electrical circuit is and how it consists and works. Learn how an electrical circuit works with a switch, as well as with a two-gang switch.
Summary of the course: The video course consists of 5 parts, each with 2 lessons. course A young electrician course with a total duration of approximately 3 hours.
- In the first part, you will be introduced to the basics of electrical engineering, consider the simplest wiring diagrams for light bulbs, switches, sockets and learn about the types of electrician's tools;
- In the second part, you will be told about the types and purpose of materials for the work of an electrician: cable, wires, cords and assemble a simple electrical circuit;
- In the third part, you will learn how to make switch connections and parallel connections in electrical circuits;
- In the fourth part, you will see the assembly of an electrical circuit with a two-gang switch and a model of the power supply of the room;
The ultimate goal of learning: In the fifth part, you will consider a complete model of the power supply of a room with a switch and get advice on safety when working with electrical equipment.
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3. Materials for electrical installation cable AVVG and VVG.
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
Lesson 8
Lesson 9
Lesson 10
At present, it is already quite stable service market, including in the area household electrics.
Highly professional electricians, with undisguised enthusiasm, do their best to help the rest of our population, while receiving great satisfaction from the quality of work performed and modest remuneration. In turn, our population also gets great pleasure from a high-quality, fast and completely inexpensive solution to their problems.
On the other hand, there has always been a fairly wide category of citizens who fundamentally consider it an honor - personally resolve absolutely any domestic issues arising on the territory of their own place of residence. Such a position certainly deserves both approval and understanding.
Moreover, all these Replacements, transfers, installations- switches, sockets, automatic machines, counters, lamps, connecting kitchen stoves etc. - all these types of services most demanded by the population, from the point of view of a professional electrician, at all are not hard work.
And in truth, an ordinary citizen, without an electrical engineering education, but having enough detailed instructions, may well cope with its implementation himself, with his own hands.
Of course, doing such work for the first time, a novice electrician can spend much more time than an experienced professional. But it’s not at all a fact that from this it will be performed less efficiently, with attention to detail and without any haste.
Initially, this site was conceived as a collection of similar instructions on the most common problems in this area. But in the future, for people who have absolutely never encountered the solution of such issues, the course "young electrician" of 6 practical classes was added.
Features of installation of electrical sockets hidden and open wiring. Sockets for electric cooker. Do-it-yourself electric stove connection.
Switches.
Replacement, installation of electrical switches, hidden and open wiring.
Automata and RCDs.
The principle of operation of Residual Current Devices and circuit breakers. Classification of automatic switches.
Electric meters.
Instructions for self-installation and connection of a single-phase meter.
Wiring replacement.
Indoor electrical installation. Installation features, in depending on the material of the walls and the type of their decoration. Electrical wiring in a wooden house.
Lamps.
Installation of wall lamps. Chandeliers. Installation of spotlights.
Contacts and connections.
Some types of conductor connections, most commonly found in "home" electrics.
Electrical engineering-basics of theory.
The concept of electrical resistance. Ohm's law. Kirchhoff's laws. Parallel and series connection.
Description of the most common wires and cables.
Illustrated instructions for working with a digital universal electrical measuring instrument.
About lamps - incandescent, fluorescent, LED.
About "money."
The profession of an electrician was definitely not considered prestigious until recently. But could it be called underpaid? Below, you can find the price list of the most common services from three years ago.
Electrical installation - prices.
Electric meter pcs. - 650p.
Single-pole machines pcs. - 200p.
Three-pole circuit breakers pcs. - 350p.
Difamat pcs. - 300p.
RCD single-phase pcs. - 300p.
One-gang switch pcs. - 150p.
Two-gang switch pcs. - 200p.
Three-gang switch pcs. - 250p.
Board of open wiring up to 10 groups pcs. - 3400p.
Flush wiring board up to 10 groups pcs. - 5400p.
Laying open wiring P.m - 40p.
Postings in corrugation P.m - 150p.
Wall chasing (concrete) P.m - 300p.
(brick) P.m - 200p.
Installation of a socket and junction box in concrete pcs. - 300p.
brick pcs. - 200p.
drywall pcs. - 100p.
Sconce pcs. - 400p.
Spotlight pcs. - 250p.
Chandelier on hook pcs. - 550p.
Ceiling chandelier (without assembly) pcs. - 650p.
Bell and bell button installation pcs. - 500p.
Installing a socket, open wiring switch pcs. - 300p.
Installing a socket, flush-mounted switch (without installing a socket box) pcs. - 150p.
When I was an electrician "on an ad", I could not mount more than 6-7 points (sockets, switches) of hidden wiring, on concrete - in an evening. Plus, 4-5 meters of strobes (for concrete). We carry out simple arithmetic calculations: (300+150)*6=2700p. It's for sockets with switches.
300*4=1200r. - this is for the strobes.
2700+1200=3900r. is the total amount.
Not bad, for 5-6 hours of work, isn't it? Rates, of course, Moscow, in Russia they will be less, but not more than twice.
If taken as a whole, then the monthly salary of an electrician - installer, currently rarely exceeds 60,000 rubles (not in Moscow)
Of course, there are especially gifted people in this field (as a rule, with iron health) and a practical mind. Under certain conditions, they manage to raise their earnings to 100,000 rubles and more. As a rule, they have a license for the production of electrical work and work directly with the customer, taking "serious" contracts without the participation of various intermediaries.
Electricians - repairmen prom. equipment (at enterprises), electricians - high-voltage workers, as a rule (not always) - earn somewhat less. If the enterprise is profitable and it invests in "re-equipment" for electricians-repairmen, additional sources of income may be opened, for example, the installation of new equipment produced after hours.
Highly paid but physically difficult and sometimes very dusty, the work of an electrician-installer is undoubtedly worthy of all respect.
Being engaged in electrical installation, a novice specialist can master the basic skills and abilities, gain initial experience.
Regardless of how he will build his career in the future, you can be sure that the practical knowledge gained in this way will definitely come in handy.
The use of any materials on this page is allowed if there is a link to the site
Nowadays, everyone can get acquainted with the basics of electrics without even leaving their home. It is best to start this exciting activity with an acquaintance with a simplified electric circuit wiring and connecting switches, sockets and lighting fixtures in your own apartment. Such schemes belong to standard design solutions and are widely used in the power supply of standard industrial and residential premises, as well as in the temporary connection of a number of construction sites to the power supply network.
The first (at the same time the largest and most important) element in a long chain of typical apartment wiring equipment is an electrical panel, to which power is supplied through a circuit breaker (or plug fuse) from the main switchboard located on the driveway. The composition of the apartment panel includes, as a rule, an electric meter, several circuit breakers, a residual current device (RCD), a mounting DIN rail and a number of auxiliary tires. It is from such an introductory shield that the power supply of all rooms in your apartment is organized.
Several power lines (their number depends on the number of rooms and the power of electrical loads), consisting of two wires - phase and zero (or three, if there is a ground line), through the circuit breakers intended for them, are distributed to separate rooms of the apartment.
Wiring throughout the apartment is carried out by organizing branches from the main wiring line, which are necessary to connect individual consumers - an electric bell, groups of plug sockets or switches. For these purposes, mounting junction boxes are used, which are plastic cups equipped with inlet and outlet holes for wires and a lid. Inside the boxes there are special screw terminals for connecting switched installation wires. But as a rule, the wires in the box are simply twisted (the so-called twist) and insulated from each other (usually wrapped with electrical tape or heat shrink tubing). It is also recommended to use clamps (Wago clamps are widely used in our country), or PPE connecting clamps (caps with a spring inside).
It should be noted that all intra-apartment consumers of electricity (bells, various lights, coupled with switches, household appliances, air conditioners, etc.) are connected to the apartment wiring in parallel. With such a connection scheme, a malfunction or disconnection of one of these consumers will not cause a "de-energization" of the remaining devices, which is inevitable if they are connected in series. An example of a serial connection of individual elements of electrical wiring is the connection of any lighting device and its switch.
Thus, the electrical wiring lines are first brought to the junction boxes located in each room and only after them they diverge to individual loads (lighting devices with switches, sockets, etc.).
From the connection diagram of switches and lamps, we see that phase wires (red) and neutral wires ( of blue color). It is the outgoing phase wire (in no case zero!) Should be connected to one of the contacts of the switch. The neutral wire must go to the common contact of the lamps that make up the lamp. The wires extending from the switch (green in the figure) are connected to the common contact of each of the two groups of lamps of the lamp in question. Please note - the figure shows a variant of a two-gang switch with two groups of lamps and a variant of a single-gang switch.
The connection of sockets after the distribution box is made more in a simple way- phase and neutral conductors (and grounding, if any) are connected directly to the corresponding (arbitrarily chosen) contacts of the socket itself. A pair of these conductors from an already connected outlet is led to the second, and, if necessary, to the third outlet (this type of connection is called a "loop" connection).
It is very important to take into account the fact that with a parallel connection of consumers, it is not allowed to increase their total number above a certain value. With parallel power, each newly added electrical appliance (new socket) increases the load on the common part of the electrical wiring for the entire apartment. At the limit value of the total current in the circuit (in the case when all devices are turned on), the maximum current protection device will definitely work - the same circuit breaker on the shield from which this line is powered. He will simply disconnect this branch from the general power supply circuit of the apartment.
If your machine is chosen incorrectly (it has an overestimated value of the overload tripping current), then the consequences can be much more deplorable - the wires may simply not withstand the strength of the current passing through them and catch fire from overheating.
That is why it is so important to learn how to choose the right circuit breaker for each load line and accurately calculate the size of the wires operating in these lines.
As a rule, with a typical apartment wiring, a copper wire with a cross section of 1.5mm 2 is laid on the lighting lines, and 2.5mm 2 on the outlet lines.
Electrical Engineer. Worked in electrical networks. He specialized in relay protection and electric automation devices. Author of two books from the Electrician's Library series. Published in electrical engineering journals. Currently lives in Israel. 71 years old Retiree.
Ha-esh`har str., 8\6, Haifa, 35844, Israel
To the reader
It is probably not necessary to explain to you the importance of electricity for the normal functioning of every human being. It would not be an exaggeration to say that today it is the same integral part of it as water, heat, food. And if the lights go out in the house, you, burning your fingers on a lit match, immediately call us.
Electricity travels a long and difficult path before it reaches your home. Produced from fuel at a power plant, it travels through transformer and switching substations, through thousands of kilometers of lines, reinforced on tens of thousands of supports.
Electricity today is a perfect technology, reliable and high-quality power supply, care for the consumer and his service.
However, that's not all. The final link in the electrical chain is the electrical equipment of your home. And it, like any other, requires some knowledge for its proper operation. Therefore, we call on you to cooperate with us and for this purpose we give some recommendations and warnings. Warnings are highlighted in red.
It will be about the following:
1. Legal aspects. The subscriber must be familiar with his rights, duties and responsibilities in relation to the energy supply organization. The same - in relation to the energy supply organization to him.
2. Acquaintance with apartment electrical wiring, switching equipment and installation products.
4. Electricity requires not only certain knowledge, but also strict adherence to certain rules from the user. It is dangerous, both for those who do not know how to use it, and for undisciplined "craftsmen". Therefore, we will introduce you to the basics of electrical safety.
We urge you to treat our recommendations and warnings with understanding. We also hope that you will not cause damage to the network facilities and electrical equipment mentioned above.
We wish you all the best, including those provided by electricity.