The water area of ​​the Baltic with the maritime borders of the countries. Baltic Sea - description, photo and old Russian names


Seas washing the territory of Russia

Russia is a great maritime power. Its territory is washed by the waters of three oceans:

  • the Arctic;
  • Atlantic;
  • Quiet.

And almost in the center of the mainland is the largest sea-lake in the world - the Caspian Sea. It belongs to the inland flow basin of Eurasia. The seas washing the territory of the country are located within four lithospheric plates:

  • Eurasian (Eurasian);
  • North American;
  • Sea of ​​Okhotsk;
  • Amur.

Due to the vast area of ​​Russia, these seas are located at different latitudes, respectively, in different climatic conditions. They have a different origin and structure of the bottom. The temperature and salinity of the waters, the climate determined the originality of the organic world of the seas.

Typology of the seas

In physical geography, all the seas of the World Ocean are conditionally divided into two groups: marginal and inland.

Definition 1

Marginal seas are called parts of the World Ocean adjacent to the mainland and only slightly separated by land.

Their nature (bottom structure, water temperature and salinity, composition and abundance of the organic world) is largely determined by the nature of the ocean of which they are a part. Marginal seas, for example, include:

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  • Barents Sea;
  • Kara Sea;
  • Japanese Sea.

Definition 2

Inland seas are seas that are largely separated by land from the oceans.

The nature of the inland seas depends on the nature of the land surrounding them and the rivers flowing into them. The inland seas are:

  • White Sea;
  • Baltic Sea;
  • Black Sea;
  • Sea of ​​Azov.

White Sea

Of all the seas of the North Arctic Ocean only the White Sea can be called inland, since it goes deep into the land. The basin of this sea is a flooded piece of land. Its connection with the Barents Sea is rather limited. Because of this, warm Atlantic waters do not penetrate into it. Therefore, despite the more southerly position compared to the Barents Sea, the White Sea is much colder and freezes completely in winter (another reason is its relatively shallow depth).

Such large rivers as the Northern Dvina, Onega, Mezen flow into the White Sea. The salinity of the water does not exceed $26$ ‰. The weather is characterized by frequent storms. Reduced salinity and the richness of water with oxygen determined the originality and richness of the organic world of the White Sea. Until recently, a unique craft of soft pearls was widespread here. But with the deterioration of the ecological situation, soft pearls ceased to form.

Inland seas of the Atlantic Ocean

The territory of Russia is washed by three seas belonging to the Atlantic Ocean basin:

  • Baltic;
  • Black;
  • Azov.

All of them belong to the inland seas because they go deep into the mainland. In this regard, they have a rather peculiar hydrological regime. Communication with the World Ocean is mediated by a number of straits and other seas. The climate of the seas is largely determined by the western transfer of air masses and the influence of adjacent land areas.

The westernmost sea of ​​Russia is the Baltic Sea. It arose in the Quaternary in a tectonic trough at the junction of the East European lithospheric plate and the Baltic Shield. The maximum depth of the sea is $470$ m (near Stockholm). Off the coast of Russia, the depths are about $50$ m.

The climate is formed under the influence of Atlantic air masses. Weather characterized by frequent cyclones and heavy rainfall. The Gulf of Finland can freeze completely in winter.

More than $250$ of rivers flow into the Baltic. This determines the low salinity of the water (about $7-8$ ‰). The desalinization of the waters led to the poverty of plankton. The main fish resources are herring, Baltic sprat, cod, whitefish, chime, lamprey, smelt, salmon.

The Black Sea is almost equal in area to the Baltic Sea. It is connected to the Atlantic through a system of inland seas and straits. It is located in a tectonic basin of the oceanic type (the bottom has an oceanic type of the earth's crust). The maximum depth of the sea is $2210 m. The shelf zone is most developed off the coast of Ukraine.

The climate over the Black Sea is close to Mediterranean. But in winter, the influence of eastern continental air masses affects. A large number of rivers flow into the Black Sea. The largest are the Danube and the Dnieper. The average water salinity is $17-18$ ‰. The waters are rich in fish resources (beluga, stellate sturgeon, sturgeon, herring, mullet, mackerel, horse mackerel, red mullet, sprat, anchovy, tuna, stingray, ram, pike perch, bream).

The unique nature of the Black Sea lies in the fact that water masses deeper than $200$ m are saturated with hydrogen sulfide and poor in oxygen. This is an almost lifeless layer.

Remark 1

The smallest sea on our planet is the Sea of ​​Azov. The ancient Greeks considered it a lake. Its maximum depth is about $13$ m. It is connected to the Black Sea by the narrow Kerch Strait. Due to its small size and shallow depths, the Sea of ​​Azov practically does not affect the formation of the coastal climate. On the contrary, it is influenced by the climatic conditions of the land.

Two large rivers, the Don and the Kuban, flow into the Sea of ​​Azov. The salinity of the water is approximately $11$ ‰. But recently the salinity of the water has been rising. Due to the shallow depths, the water warms up well. Therefore, the Sea of ​​Azov was distinguished by high bioproductivity. The most important fish species are kilka, pike-perch, anchovy, bream, and sturgeon.

The salinity of which is about 20% of the salinity of the oceans, located in the northern part of Europe. Refers to the type of inland seas. Its area is 419 square kilometers. It was the Baltic Sea during the reign of Peter the Great that became the window to Europe.

general characteristics

The average depth of the Baltic Sea is about 50 meters, the largest recorded depth is 470 meters. The deepest sections are located in the region of Scandinavia, the smallest sections are in the area of ​​the Curonian Spit, there is no depth even 5 meters.

More than two hundred rivers flow into the Baltic Sea. The largest of them are Neman, Daugava, Vistula, Neva. Fresh river water is unevenly distributed in it, so the salinity of the Baltic Sea is not the same.

Ice cover in winter is established in the bays from November to April. The thickness of the ice reaches 60 cm. The southern regions of the sea can remain without ice cover all winter. Sometimes floating ice floes are found near the northern shores even in summer. The last case of complete freezing of the Baltic Sea was recorded in 1987.

In the autumn-winter period, the influx of North Sea salt water increases due to a decrease in water temperature. Because of this, the salinity in the sea increases.

Geographic features

The Baltic Sea is located in the northwest of Europe. In the north, it reaches almost the Arctic Circle itself, the coordinates of the extreme northern point of the sea are 65 degrees 40 minutes s. sh. In the south, it reaches 53 degrees 45 minutes N. sh. From east to west, the Baltic Sea stretches from St. Petersburg (30 degrees 15 minutes E) to the city of Flensburg in Germany (30 degrees 10 minutes E).

The Baltic Sea is surrounded on almost all sides by the coastline, only in the west it has access to the North Sea. The Belomorkanal opens access to the White Sea. The largest part of the coast belongs to Sweden and Finland (35% and 17%), Russia has about 7%, the rest of the coastline is divided between Germany, Denmark, Poland, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia.

There are four large bays in the sea - Bothnian, Curonian, Finnish and Riga. The Curonian Lagoon is separated by the Curonian Spit, territorially belongs to Lithuania and Russia (Kaliningrad region). The Gulf of Bothnia is located between Sweden and Finland, it houses the archipelago of the Åland Islands. The Gulf of Finland is located in the east, adjacent to it are the shores of Finland, Estonia and Russia (St. Petersburg).

Baltic Sea: salinity and temperature regime

The temperature of the water surface in the central part is 15-17 degrees. In the Gulf of Bothnia, this figure does not rise above 12 degrees. The highest temperature is observed in the Gulf of Finland.

Due to the weak water exchange and the constant flow of river water in this sea, the salinity is low. In addition, it does not have constant indicators. So, in the area of ​​the Danish coast, the salinity of the water of the Baltic Sea is 20 ppm on the surface. At depth, the indicator can reach up to 30 ppm. The salinity of the surface waters of the Baltic Sea changes the amount in an easterly direction to a smaller side. In the Gulf of Finland, this figure is not more than 3 ppm.

Observations in last years recorded a tendency to increase the percentage of salinity. This figure has increased by 0.5% compared to previous decades. Now the average salinity of the Baltic Sea is 8 ppm. The figure indicates that a liter of sea water contains 8 g of salt. This is the salinity of the Baltic Sea in grams.

Climate of the Baltic Sea

The Baltic has a temperate maritime climate. The average January temperature above the sea surface is 1-3 degrees, in the north and east - 4-8 degrees. Sometimes the invasion of cold currents from the Arctic drops the temperature to -35 degrees for a short time. In winter, the north wind prevails, which causes a cold winter and a long, lingering spring.

In summer, the wind direction changes to west and southwest. On the coast, rainy and cool summer weather is established. Dry hot days in the Baltic are a rarity. The average July temperature here is 14-19 degrees.

The average salinity of the surface waters of the Baltic Sea depends on the season. The period of strong winds falls on the end of autumn and winter. During a storm in November, the waves rise to 6 meters. In winter, ice prevents the formation of high waves. At this time, salinity decreases.

Animal world

The Baltic Sea, whose water salinity varies in different places, is quite populated. various kinds- from purely marine to freshwater inhabitants. So, in the salty waters of the Danish Straits, various mollusks, oysters, crustaceans live. In some places there is even a guest from the North Sea - the mitten crab.

Most commercial fish species choose central waters for habitat, where the average salinity of the surface waters of the Baltic Sea is 7-9 ppm.

In bays with almost fresh water, there are pike, bream, crucian carp, roach, ide, burbot, eel. On an industrial scale, Baltic herring, cod, sprat, salmon and sea trout are caught here.

Spa vacation

Due to the cool climate, the resorts of the Amber Region are not to everyone's taste. They have little in common with the hot beaches of Turkey, Egypt, Crimea. Officially, the beach season in the Baltic lasts from June to the end of September, while in June the water does not always warm up to even 20 degrees.

However, not everyone likes hot crowded beaches. Many prefer to combine beach holiday with active, for example, with the study of culture and attractions. The beaches of the Baltic Sea are a very good option. You can choose the resort of Palanga, Jurmala, Gdansk, Sopot, Svetlogorsk and others. The ideal time to relax here is July and the first half of August, when the water temperature warms up to 25 degrees. Temperatures of 25-27 degrees were recorded in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Riga.

Environmental problems of the Baltic Sea

In recent years, there has been a significant deterioration in water quality due to pollution. One of the reasons is that the rivers flowing into the sea carry already polluted waters. And since the sea is inland and has the only exit through the Danish straits, there is no possibility of natural self-purification.

The following main water pollutants can be distinguished:

  • waste from industrial enterprises, agriculture and utilities, which come from urban drains, often brought directly into the sea;
  • heavy metals - come from city drains, some fall out with precipitation;
  • spilled oil products - in the era of the development of shipping, the leakage of oil products is not uncommon.

The consequences of pollution are the formation of a film on the surface of the water and the termination of oxygen access to its inhabitants.

The main sources of water pollution:

  • active shipping;
  • accidents on industrial enterprises and power plants;
  • industrial and household drains;
  • polluted rivers flowing into the sea.

Helsinki Convention

In 1992, nine states of the Baltic basin signed a convention on the observance of environmental and maritime rights. The main body is the commission headquartered in Helsinki. The main goal of the commission is to develop and carry out activities aimed at protecting the ecology of the marine environment, conducting research, and promoting the safe navigation of ships.

At the head of the commission for a period of two years are alternately states with access to the sea. From 2008 to 2010, Russia held the chairmanship.

Drunken forest and amber

In the Kaliningrad region on the Curonian Spit there are unusual place, popularly referred to as the Dancing or Drunken Forest. On a small area (within 1 square km), pine trees planted under the USSR grow. The bottom line is that the trees are strangely curved, and some are even twisted into a loop. Scientists cannot accurately explain this phenomenon. Versions are different: the climatic factor, genetics, attack pests and even the influence of space. There are rumors that there are no sounds in the forest and mobile communications are lost. The mystery of the forest annually attracts domestic and foreign tourists.

In autumn, when a storm begins, along with the sand, the sea throws amber ashore. Mainly on the coast of Poland, Russia, Germany. This period is awaited by local craftsmen and visiting adventurers. There is a belief that amber is a wish fulfillment stone. Amber souvenirs fill the atmosphere of the house with positive energy, promote harmony in personal relationships.

This is how the Baltic Sea is, the salinity, climate and richness of which attract with its uniqueness.

Baltic "Titanic"

In 1994, on the night of September 28, a disaster occurred at sea, the mystery of which remains a mystery to this day. On the evening of September 27, the ferry "Estonia" left Tallinn for its last voyage. There were about 1,000 passengers and crew on board. The ship has been making a regular voyage to Stockholm for a long time. The route is familiar, no unforeseen situations were expected on the route. The sea was stormy, but neither the passengers nor the crew members were bothered by this. The usual Baltic autumn, it was believed that a storm was not terrible for a ship of this type.

Closer to midnight, the storm intensified, but the passengers were calm and prepared for bed. By that time, the ferry had departed from the port for 350 km. At this time, the ferry met with the oncoming ship "Mariella". After one in the morning, a distress signal was received from the ferry, after which the ship disappeared from the radar. "Mariella" and the ships nearby hurried to the place of the tragedy. By 3:00 am, rescue helicopters arrived at the crash site. Many victims no longer needed help - death came from hypothermia. In total, about 200 passengers were rescued, another 95 were identified and officially declared dead.

Baltic Sea- the inland sea of ​​Eurasia, located in Northern Europe, partially washes the shores of the Western and of Eastern Europe. Refers to the Atlantic Ocean basin. The Baltic Sea is inland, separated from the ocean by the Scandinavian Peninsula and washes the shores of the Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions of Russia. The sea is connected to the ocean by narrow and shallow straits, which hinders water exchange. Complete renewal of water in the sea occurs in 20-40 years. The Baltic Sea has large bays: the Bothnian, Finnish, Riga and Curonian lagoons. The area of ​​the Baltic Sea is 419 thousand km 2, it is almost equal to the area of ​​the Black Sea (422 thousand km 2). The length of the coastline of the Baltic is 7 thousand km. Russia has about 500 km of coast, that is, about 7%. The volume of water is 21.5 thousand km³.

The name of the sea was first mentioned by the North German chronicler Adam of Bremen in 1075. The origin of the name is not completely clear. The most common are two versions. According to the first, the name comes from (Lithuanian) baltas, (Latvian) balts "white", which may be related to the color of the sandy shores of this sea. According to another version, the name is derived from (Latin) balteus "belt", and this is due to the fact that this sea continues the chain of seas encircling mainland Europe. In medieval Russia, it was called the Varangian Sea or the Sea of ​​Swedes from the ethnonym Svei - “Swedes”. On Russian maps of the 18th century, the form Baltic Sea was used, but the well-known and now name Baltic Sea is fixed in use. The same name is used in other countries washed by this sea, although in Germany it is also the East Sea, and in Estonia the West Sea.

About 250 rivers flow into the Baltic Sea. The largest rivers are Vistula, Oder, Neman, Daugava, Neva. The Neva brings the largest amount of water in a year.

seafaring

The Baltic Sea throughout the history of Russia was the busiest by sea, but navigation on the Baltic Sea is associated with a number of difficulties. Numerous islands, shoals, narrowness make it very difficult for navigation. Therefore, an accurate map of the sea was needed. Meanwhile, navigators continued to use maps compiled by the old methods.

Bottom relief

The Baltic Sea is located within the continental shelf. Its history goes back tens of thousands of years. The Baltic Sea is not one of the large or deep seas. Its maximum depth is only about 470 meters. And even then depths of hundreds of meters are a rarity in this sea. Its average depth is 55 meters. Buildings having more than 18 floors would protrude when placed at the average depth of this sea. And the needle of the Moscow television tower could not have been hidden even by its maximum depth /

The bottom relief of the Baltic Sea is uneven. The bottom of its basin is indented by underwater depressions, separated by hills and islands. The Baltic Sea is characterized by a long coastline. It has many bays, bays and a large number of islands. They are located both off the mainland coast and in the open sea; in some parts of the sea the islands are grouped in large archipelagos, in others they stand alone.

The bottom sediments of the Baltic Sea are represented mainly by silts and sand. The soils of the Baltic Sea are characterized by stones and boulders, often found at the bottom of the sea. Sandy deposits are common in coastal areas.










Climate and hydrological regime

The climate of the Baltic Sea is of maritime temperate latitudes with features of continentality. The peculiar configuration of the sea and a significant length from north to south and from west to east create differences in climatic conditions in different areas of the sea.

Flora and fauna

Economic importance

Fishing is widely developed in the Baltic Sea. Baltic herring, sprat, cod, whitefish, lamprey, salmon and other types of fish are caught here. Also in these waters, a large amount of algae is mined. There are many marine farms on the Baltic Sea where the most sought-after fish species are grown. On the coast there are a large number of placers of minerals. In the Kaliningrad region, work is underway to extract amber. There is oil in the bowels of the Baltic Sea. Iron-manganese nodules have been found. St. Petersburg is the largest port in the Baltic. The Volga-Baltic route connects the sea with the Volga, through the White Sea-Baltic Canal - with the White Sea. Due to the shallow depths in the Gulf of Finland, many places are inaccessible to vessels with a significant draft. However, all of the largest cruise ships built pass through the Danish straits into the Atlantic Ocean. Major Russian ports in the Baltic: Baltiysk, Vyborg, Kaliningrad, St. Petersburg. Recreational resources are well developed: resorts - Sestroretsk, Zelenogorsk, Svetlogorsk, Pionersky and Zelenogradsk.

Ecology

The number one environmental problem of today's Baltic is the excess supply of nitrogen and phosphorus to the water area as a result of flushing from fertilized fields, municipal sewage from cities and waste from some enterprises. The second most important problem of the Baltic Sea is the accumulation of heavy metals - mercury, lead, copper, zinc, cadmium, cobalt, nickel. About half of the total mass of these metals enters the sea with atmospheric precipitation, the rest - with direct discharge into the water area or with river runoff of household and industrial waste. The presence of chemical weapons dumps (the burial of containers with poisonous substances was carried out after the Second World War) greatly affects the ecology of the Baltic Sea.

Kaliningraders are lucky to live near Baltic Sea. After all, your own sea is very cool! Especially when it is so interesting and always different: harsh and merciless in the season of storms, quiet and friendly on hot summer days. Also, depending on the weather, the waters of the Baltic often change their color. Sometimes it is of warm blue hues, then it suddenly turns into greenish-gray colors, and in stormy weather the sea is completely blue-black. For many of us, the contour of the Baltic Sea is quite familiar from maps, but few people think about how the Baltic Sea works under the surface of the water, what kind of bottom topography does it have? The answer to this question can be found on the third floor Sea Aquarium Gdynia (Polish) Aquarium Gdynskie), where the unique layout of the Baltic Sea and the coast is located.

Located at the end of the South Pier in Gdynia, the Marine Aquarium, opened in 1971, is one of the city's most significant sights. In addition to a three-dimensional map of the Baltic Sea and all kinds of marine exhibits, here you can observe the life of more than 1600 aquatic inhabitants from different parts of the globe. They will be the subject of a separate report.

In the meantime, let's look at the model of the relief of the bottom of the Baltic Sea, on which all significant depths (troughs) are indicated, the largest (459 m) of which is called - Landsort(Polish Głębię Landsort). The average depth of the sea is 52.3 m.

The Baltic Sea, sometimes called the Mediterranean Sea of ​​the North, due to its location in the middle of the land, covers a surface of 415 thousand square meters. km. Geographically, it is part of the Atlantic Ocean and is connected to the North Sea by the Danish Straits.

03. Bothnian and Finnish Gulfs.

04. St. Petersburg.

Along the northern coast of the Baltic Sea, in the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia, there are many thousands of islands and rocks. This is the famous area of ​​skerries, unparalleled in its length and originality in any other part of the oceans.

06. Aland Islands.

07. The capital of Norway is Oslo.

Despite the fact that the Baltic Sea lies in the middle of the land, the ocean noticeably influences it. The coastal inhabitants of the Baltic feel the influence of the ocean every day. Deep cyclones coming from the Atlantic Ocean often visit the Baltic. During their passage, strong southwestern winds blow, often turning into storms. Maximum summer temperature The Baltics are only +18 +20 degrees, which makes it not the most popular sea for a beach holiday.

08. Closest to the Kaliningrad region, a large depression is located in the area of ​​Polish Gdansk - Głębię Gdanską(118 m). Three spits are also visible: Curonian, Vistula and Hel.

09. Gdynia.

10. Kaliningrad and the Curonian Spit.

11. The northern and eastern parts of the sea are "adorned" with powerful bays - Bothnian, Finnish and Riga.

12. The Gulf of Finland and the capitals of Estonia and Finland.

13. The Baltic Sea is rich in amber. The world's largest amber deposit is located in our Kaliningrad region, near the village. Amber.

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Baltic Sea(it is also called the East Sea) is considered an inland sea that goes deep into the continent.

The northern extreme point of the Baltic Sea is located near the Arctic Circle, the southern one is near the German city of Wismar, the western one is near the city of Flensburg, and the eastern one is near St. Petersburg. This sea belongs to the ocean.

General information about the Baltic

The area of ​​the sea (excluding islands) is 415 km. sq. It washes the shores of such states:

  • Estonia;
  • Russia;
  • Lithuania;
  • Germany;
  • Latvia;
  • Poland
  • Latvia;
  • Denmark;
  • Finland;
  • * Sweden.

Large bays are: Bothnian, Finnish, Riga, Curonian (separated by a scythe). The largest islands: Eland, Wolin, Aland, Gotland, Als, Saaremaaa, Muhu, Men, Usedom, Fore and others. The largest rivers are: Zapadnya Dvina, Neva, Vistula, Venta, Narva, Pregolya.

The Baltic Sea through the Volga-Baltic basin comes to and is located on the continental shelf. In the area of ​​islands, shoals and banks, the depth varies within 12 meters. There are a couple of basins where the depth reaches 200 meters. The Landsort basin is considered the deepest (470 meters), the basin depth reaches 250 meters, and in the Gulf of Bothnia - 254 meters.

In the southern region, the seabed is flat, while in the north it is predominantly rocky. A huge part of the bottom is covered with deposits of glacial origin of various colors (green, brown, black).

A feature of the Baltic Sea is that there is an excess of fresh water here, which is formed due to river runoff and precipitation.

Its surface brackish waters constantly go into. During storms, the exchange between these seas changes, as in the straits the water mixes from the bottom. The salinity of the sea is on the wane from the Danish Straits (20 ppm) to the east (in the Gulf of Bothnia 3 ppm, and in Finland - 2 ppm). Tides can be diurnal and semidiurnal (do not exceed 20 cm).

Compared to other seas, the disturbances of the Baltic Sea are quite insignificant. In the central parts of the sea, waves can reach 3-3.5 meters, less often - 4 meters. During large storms, waves 10-11 meters high were recorded. The most clear water with a bluish-green tint is observed in the Gulf of Bothnia, in coastal areas it is more turbid and has a yellowish-green color. Due to the development of plankton, the lowest water transparency can be traced in summer. The soils of the coastal zone are diverse: in the southern regions - sand, in the east - silt and sand, and on the northern coast - stone.

Climate of the Baltic Sea

The sea temperature is generally lower than in other seas. On mornings in the summer, due to southerly winds that drive the upper warm layers into the ocean, the temperature sometimes drops below 12 degrees. When northerly winds begin to blow, surface waters become much warmer. The highest temperature is in August - about 18 C. In January, it varies from 0 to 3 C.

Due to low salinity, harsh winters and shallow depths, the Baltic Sea often freezes over, although not every winter.

Flora and fauna

The water in the Baltic Sea changes from sea salt to fresh water. Marine mollusks live only in the western region of the sea, where the water is saltier. Of the fish, sprat, cod, herring are represented here. Smelt, vendace salmon and others are found in the Gulf of Finland. Seals live in the region of the Aland Islands.

Due to the presence of many islands, rocks, reefs in the sea, navigation in the Baltic Sea is quite dangerous. This danger is somewhat reduced due to the presence of a large number of lighthouses here (most of them). The largest cruise ships leave the Danish straits and enter the Atlantic Ocean. The most difficult place is the Great Belt Bridge. The largest ports: Tallinn, Baltiysk, Lubeck, Riga, Stockholm, Szczecin, Rostock, Kiel, Vyborg, Gdansk, St. Petersburg;

  • Ptolemy called this sea the Venedian, which comes from the name of the Slavic peoples who lived in ancient times in the southern part of the coast - Wends or Wends;
  • The famous route from the Varangians to the Greeks ran across the Baltic Sea;
  • The Tale of Bygone Years calls him by the Varangian Sea;
  • The name "Baltic Sea" is found for the first time in the treatise of Adam of Bremen in 1080;
  • This sea is rich in oil, manganese, iron and amber. The Nord Stream gas pipeline runs along its bottom;
  • Every year March 22 is the day of protection environment the Baltic Sea. This decision was taken by the Helsinki Commission in 1986.

Resorts

Among the resorts of the Baltic Sea, the most famous are: Zelenogorsk, Svetlogorsk, Zelenogradsk, Pioneer (Russia), Saulkrasti and



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