What to read during Ramadan. Rules for performing tarawih prayer

Do's and Don'ts in Ramadan: Rules and Prayers

Islam is one of the youngest religions on earth, and at the same time one of the strictest in terms of observance of the canons. There are so-called. pillars of religion, i.e. the Shariah prescriptions that are necessary for execution in order to be considered true adherents of faith in Allah.

One of the pillars is the strict observance of a whole series of rites, rituals and abstinences from the beginning to the end of the month of Ramadan.

Islamic calendar and Ramadan in it

In Islamic lunar calendar Ramadan - what month of the year? Every Muslim knows that he is the ninth. Its name comes from the Arabic “burn the earth”, “burning”, since it is in this month that solar activity reaches its maximum and literally burns and dries up the vegetation on the hot earth. If we compare the Islamic and Christian calendars, then the month of Ramadan usually begins somewhere at the end of our May and ends at the end of June, in total it lasts 29-30 days. It is believed that it was during these days that the great prophet Muhammad was given his mission with "frank words" - this is how the holy Quran was born. The month of Ramadan in 2017 began on May 27 and ended on June 25.

How does the observance of Ramadan begin?

The most important ritual at the beginning of the month of Ramadan is the intention to observe this sacred period (Arabic "niyat"). It sounds something like this: “I intend from today to fast in Ramadan in the name of Allah.”

Fasting in the month of Ramadan

The most important act in Ramadan is fasting (Arabic “saum”). Those. abstaining from major temptations: eating, smoking, drinking and intimate relationships during the daytime until sunset. By his abstinence, a Muslim shows Allah his devotion, loyalty and readiness to make personal sacrifices for the sake of faith.

What conditions are necessary in order to observe Ramadan

Not every person and not even every Muslim can observe the sacred ritual. In order for a person to be allowed to observe Ramadan, the following conditions must be met:

• Of course, the observant must be a Muslim. And not only by his faith, he must go through the procedure of converting to Islam in the mosque.
• The observant must be of legal age according to Shariah. Children are not allowed to observe the fast, as they need good nutrition.
• The observant should not have mental and severe physical illnesses, because in case of mental illness, the observant does not know what he is doing, and in case of physical illnesses, good food and plenty of drink are often required.
• Pregnant and lactating women are exempted from fasting, as they have an urgent need for regular meals.
• Wanderers and travelers who are on the road or more than 90 km from home may not fast if this entails serious consequences for them.
• Women in the period of monthly or postpartum bleeding may also not fast because of the large blood loss and the need to replenish it.

However, those who have been released should remember that it is extremely undesirable to do forbidden actions in public (drinking, smoking) so as not to add unnecessary temptations to them. Chewing gum, playing loud music and frivolous dancing in public places are also unacceptable during the fasting period.

When you can eat and drink in fasting

Can I eat and drink during the month of Ramadan? After sunset, a Muslim fasting (Arabic "uraza") performs a sacred night prayer(Arabic "isha"), then he can read a voluntary and desirable prayer with his comrades (Arabic "tarawih"). It includes 8-20 rak'ahs. Then you can start breaking the fast - an evening meal (Arabic "iftar"). Eating at night is prescribed not only with a close circle of relatives, but also with friends and acquaintances. Sometimes beggars from the street are attracted to breaking the fast as a sign of helping the poor. Food for breaking the fast, too, should not be rich and plentiful. Shariah prescribes during the night breaking the fast to eat milk, dates, water. Too heavy, spicy or fatty foods are undesirable during this period, as they can cause further thirst or stomach complications.

Morning meal (Arabic "suhoor") during breaking the fast, you should try to finish at least half an hour before dawn. And then again keep a daily post.

What not to do in Ramadan:

• not uttering intentions: this cancels all observance of Ramadan;
• eat food intentionally;
• drink intentionally;
• smoking and inhaling smoking smoke intentionally;
• engage in intimacy, indulge in masturbation, make caresses that lead to ejaculation, even if it was not directly sexual intercourse;
• indulge in idle entertainment (frivolous dancing, listening to loud music, except for prayerful speeches);
• use of medicines that require rectal or vaginal administration;
• cause spontaneous vomiting;
• swallow separated sputum that has entered the throat.

What is allowed to do in Ramadan:

• non-special intake of food and water (for example, if a person chokes in the sea);
• drug injections;
• blood donation (donor, tests), blood letting;
• bathing, if not swallowing a drop of water;
• kisses without penetration into the oral cavity (as we say “not sucked”);
• bodily caresses that do not lead to ejaculation;
• swallowing one's own saliva without sputum and vomiting;
• you should brush your teeth with care so that the paste is not swallowed (in general, some Muslims believe that brushing your teeth after noon is not necessary, because “the smell from the mouth of a fasting Muslim has a special shade and is a kind of incense for Allah”);
• vomiting, if it occurs involuntarily;
• prayers are not allowed.

Rituals in Ramadan, in addition to fasting

Holy Ramadan is not only fasting, but also numerous prayers to Allah.

The most important prayer - prayer - is performed five times a day.

In addition to prayers, evening prayers are desirable, morning prayers and praise be to Allah before every meal.

The most common during this period are: iftar, suhoor, dua "Iftiah", dua "Mujir", dua "Macaremu ahlyak", dua "Baha", dua Abu Hamza Sumali, dua "Jaushan Kabir".

In the last 10 days of fasting, it is advisable for a Muslim to go into seclusion, since the Prophet Muhammad once retired for the last 20 days of his life. It is better to do solitude in a Muslim mosque, before saying one more special intention - for solitude.

Of course, it is desirable to read the Qur'an during the entire period of the holy month.

How does Ramadan end?

After ritual solitude follows the so-called. Night of predestination (arab. "al-Qadra"). This night comes after the end of the 27th day of Ramadan - it was then, according to legend, that the first sura of the Koran (610) was opened to the prophet Muhammad. Then the archangel Jabrail, descending from heaven, gave the prophet a scroll with an order to read it. On this night, it is customary to ask Allah for forgiveness for the sins committed and read the Quran a lot.

On the last day of the holy month of Ramadan, a fasting person should pay alms: obligatory (zakat in Arabic) and voluntary (saadaq in Arabic). A solemn prayer is read, and fasting people prepare for the holiday in honor of Ramadan - Uraza Bayram (Arabic: Eid al-Fitr).

The first day of the new month, on which this holy holiday is held, begins with the sacred prayer of Eid prayer, which marks the end of Ramadan.

By this time, the houses should already be clean (Muslims must obviously take care of cleanliness). On the holiday itself, believers should wash themselves and put on clean, beautiful clothes. The day of celebration is considered a day off.

A lot is being prepared for Uraz Bayram holiday food(predominantly women cook): fried lamb, rich soup with beans, meat and vegetables, salads with meat, pancakes, pies, pilaf, numerous sweets, dates, fruits.

Believers go to each other's houses, give gifts, give sweets to children. Everyone congratulates each other with the phrase "Eid Mubarak!". Children play active outdoor games. Adults can dance and sing. On the same day, it is customary to go to the cemetery to visit relatives in order to honor their memory and offer prayers to Allah for them.

Top Tasks in Ramadan

Ramadan is not only a cleansing of the flesh (it is known in any religion that fasting in itself is good for cleansing the body), but also the cleansing of the soul. The soul is cleansed through the flesh. Through good deeds (helping the poor, for example), the soul is cured of filth. Through the rejection of pleasures (dancing, singing, playing, watching entertainment programs, etc.), humility and abstinence are trained. The ability to endure, refuse, make sacrifices, be restrained, merciful, generous allows believers in Ramadan to win the true mercy of Allah.

If Ramadan is performed with evil thoughts or for show, or for selfish purposes, Allah rejects such a sacrifice and does not bestow mercy on a liar.

Punishments and fines for non-compliance with Ramadan

It is believed that any true Muslim is obliged to perform Ramadan, unless he is exempt from this ritual. However, violators are everywhere, and if one is caught, then he must be punished.

The one who violates the prescriptions must bear the atonement (arab. "kaffara"). This may be additional alms for the poor or additional fasting.

In case of unintentional violation of the instructions, the believer must compensate for the days of the broken fast after the end of Ramadan or help a certain number of those in need with money or food.

The intention (niyat) that is pronounced after suhoor (morning meal)

“I intend to fast the month of Ramadan from dawn to dusk sincerely for the sake of Allah”

Translit: Nawaitu an-asuuma sauma shahri ramadaan minyal-fajri ilal-maghribi haalisan lillayahi tya'aala

Dua after breaking the fast (iftar)

ذهب الظمأ وابتلت العروق وثبت الاجر إن شاء الله

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, after breaking the fast, said: “The thirst is gone, and the veins are filled with moisture, and the reward is already waiting, if Allah wills” (Abu Dawud 2357, al-Bayhaqi 4/239).

Translit: Zahaba zzama-u wabtallyatil-‘uruk, wa sabatal-ajru insha-Allah

Dua after breaking the fast (iftar)

“O Allah, for Your sake I fasted, I believed in You, I relied on You, I broke my fast with Your food. O Forgiver, forgive me the sins that I have committed or will commit."

Translit: Allahhumma lakaya sumtu, va bikya aamantu, wa ‘alaykya tavakkaltu, wa ‘ala rizkykya aftartu, fagfirlii ya gaffaaru maa kaddamtu wa maa akhhartu

Dua after breaking the fast (iftar)

اَللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْتُ وَ عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَ بِكَ آمَنتُ ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ وَ ابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ وَ ثَبَتَ الْأَجْرُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَلَى يَا وَاسِعَ الْفَضْلِ اغْفِرْ لِي اَلْحَمْدُ لِلهِ الَّذِي أَعَانَنِي فَصُمْتُ وَ رَزَقَنِي فَأَفْطَرْتُ

Translation: O Supreme, I have fasted for You [so that You may be pleased with me]. I completed the fast with what You endowed me with. I trusted in You and believed in You. The thirst is gone, the veins are filled with moisture, and the reward is established, if You will. O Possessor of infinite mercy, forgive my sins. Praise be to the Lord, Who helped me to fast and endowed me with what I broke the fast with

Translit: Allahumma lakya sumtu wa ‘alaya rizkykya aftartu wa ‘alaikya tavakkaltu va bikya aamant. Zehebe zzomeu vabtellatil-‘uruuku wa sebetal-ajru in sheallaahu ta‘ala. Ya vaasial-fadligfir li. Alhamdu lillayakhil-lyazii e‘aanania fa sumtu wa razakanii fa aftart

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Health Tips for Fasting People

in the month of Ramadan

This article contains helpful tips, which will help to avoid some of the health problems that fasting people usually experience during the holy month of Ramadan. By following these tips, you can reduce the feeling of physical discomfort and fully focus on the spiritual essence of the month of Ramadan. During the holy month of Ramadan, your diet should not differ much from the usual and be as simple as possible. The diet should be such that our normal weight does not change. If you are overweight, then the month of Ramadan is best time to normalize weight. Because the fast lasts for a long time, we recommend eating roughage that is slowly digested and takes about 8 hours to digest. Rough foods include foods containing bran, whole grains of wheat, cereals, vegetables, green beans, peas, peppers, corn, squash, spinach, and other greens (beet leaves are rich in iron), fruits with skins, dried fruits, dried apricots, figs , prunes, almonds, etc. (i.e. everything that contains complex carbohydrates). Foods containing sugar, premium flour, etc. are quickly burned in the body. (refined carbohydrates). Meals should be well balanced and include foods from each group, such as vegetables, fruits, meat, poultry, fish, bread, grains and dairy products. Fried foods are unhealthy and should be limited. Such food causes indigestion, heartburn, affects weight. Do not eat: fatty and fried foods; foods with excess sugar content. Avoid: overeating during suhoor; drinking too much during suhoor (due to this, the mineral salts needed to maintain tone throughout the day are excreted from the body). Eat during suhoor: complex carbohydrates so that the food is digested longer and you do not feel hungry during days; dates are a great source of sugar, fiber, carbohydrates, potassium and magnesium; almonds are a source of protein and fibrous matter with a low fat content; Bananas are a great source of potassium, magnesium, and carbohydrates. Drink: Plenty of water and juice between iftar and bedtime to keep your body hydrated.

Tarawih prayer is a desirable prayer performed during the month of Ramadan after the night prayer. It begins on the 1st night of the month of Ramadan and ends on the last night of the fast. It is advisable to perform Taraweeh prayer in a mosque by jamaat, if this is not possible, then at home, together with family, neighbors. At the very least, alone. Usually they perform 8 rak'ahs - 4 prayers of two rak'ahs, but it is better to perform 20 rak'ahs, i.e. 10 prayers. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) at first made 20 rak'ahs, then, to make it easier for his community (ummah), he limited himself to 8 rak'ahs. At the end of the taraweeh prayer, 3 rak'ahs of Witr prayer are performed.

THE ORDER OF PERFORMANCE OF TARAWIH-NAMAZH

Tarawih consists of four or ten two-rakah prayers and prayers read between these prayers (before and after them). These prayers are listed below.

PRAYERS READ BETWEEN Prayers in Taraweeh

Subhana llahi-l-malikil quddus, subuhun quddus rabbul malaikati var-pyx. Subhana man ta”azzazah bil-qudrati wal-bakaa’ va kahharal “ibada bil-mauti wal-fana”. Subhana rabbika rabbil 'izzati' amma yasifun wa salamun 'alal-mursalina wal-hamdu lillahi rabbil 'alamin'.

Ali bin Abu Talib narrates: I once asked the Prophet about the virtue of the Tarawih prayer. The prophet replied:

“Whoever performs the Taraweeh prayer on the 1st night, Allah will forgive his sins.

If he performs on the 2nd night, then ALLAH will forgive the sins of him and his parents, if they are Muslims.

If on the 3rd night, the angel under Arsh will call: “Verily, Allah, Holy and Great is He, forgave your previously committed sins.”

If on the 4th night, he will have a reward equal to the reward of a person who has read Tavrat, Inzhil, Zabur, Qur'an.

If on the 5th night, Allah will reward him with a reward equal to praying in Masjidul Haram in Mecca, in Masjidul Nabawi in Medina and in Masjidul Aqsa in Jerusalem.

If on the 6th night, Allah will reward him with a reward equal to the performance of Tawaf in Baitul Mamur. (Above the Kaaba in heaven is an invisible house made of nur, where angels constantly perform tawaf). And every pebble of Baitul Mamur and even clay will ask Allah for the forgiveness of the sins of this person.

If on the 7th night, he reaches the degree of the Prophet Musa and his supporters who opposed Fir'avn and Gyaman.

If on the 8th night, the Almighty will reward him with the degree of the Prophet Ibrahim.

If on the 9th night, he will equal to man worshiping Allah as close servants to Him.

If on the 10th night - Allah gives him barakah in food.

Whoever prays on the 11th night will leave this world, just like a child leaves the womb.

If he does it on the 12th night, on the Day of Judgment this person will come with a face shining like the sun.

If on the 13th night, this person will be safe from all troubles.

If on the 14th night, the angels will testify that this person performed the Tarawih prayers and Allah will reward him on the Day of Judgment.

If on the 15th night, this person will be praised by angels, including the carriers of Arsh and Kurs.

If on the 16th night, Allah will free this person from Hell and give him Paradise.

If on the 17th night, Allah will reward him with a great degree before Himself.

If on the 18th night, Allah will call: “O Slave of Allah! I am pleased with you and your parents.”

If on the 19th night, Allah will raise his degree to Paradise Firdavs.

If on the 20th night, Allah will reward him with the reward of Shaheeds and the righteous.

If on the 21st night, Allah will build him a house in Paradise from Nur (radiance).

If on the 22nd night, this person will be safe from sorrow and anxiety.

If on the 23rd night, Allah will build him a city in Paradise.

If on the 24th night, 24 prayers of this person will be accepted.

If on the 25th night, Allah will free him from grave torment.

If on the 26th night, Allah will raise his degree 40 times.

If on the 27th night, this person will pass through the Sirat bridge with lightning speed.

If on the 28th night, Allah will raise him 1000 degrees in Paradise.

If on the 29th night, Allah will reward him with the degree of 1000 accepted Hajjs.

If on the 30th night, Allah will say: “O My slave! Taste the fruits of Paradise, drink from the paradise river Kavsar. I am your Creator, you are My slave.”

Allah Almighty obliges Muslims to fast in the second year of the Hijra. In order to fulfill this duty, we, daily for the whole month on the eve of the evening, until the dawn of the next day, take the intention (on the next day) in the name of Allah from dawn until full sunset not to eat, not drink and not give free rein to our passions, so as not to break the post.

(You need to start fasting from dawn. Out of ignorance, many fast from sunrise - this is wrong, be careful!)

Intention first. Intending to fulfill the will of the Almighty, we hope for the blessing of Allah. It is this intention that fundamentally distinguishes fasting from dieting. Fasting is one of the main forms of worship. One of the strongest ways. If, when performing prayers, we use small segments of the day, then we use the entire daylight hours for fasting. A companion of the Prophet of Allah, Abu Umama, turned to Muhammad three times in a row, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, with the words: "Messenger of Allah, give me some serious business on the path of Allah." To which the envoy replied three times in a row: "You need to fast. Since fasting has no equal in the form of worship." Abu Umama was so imbued with these words of the prophet that after that smoke from the hearth never appeared over his house in daylight. Unless guests come.

Fasting Muslims get a lot of benefits. And most importantly, fasting is the cause of the forgiveness of sins. Almighty Allah obligated us to fast so that it would be easier to overcome our passions. With satiety, the possibility of spiritual growth decreases. With an empty stomach, some kind of glow comes from the whole organism. The heart is cleansed of "rust", spiritual dirt disappears. With spiritual purification, a person is more deeply aware of the mistakes he has made and it is easier for him to be able to pray for the forgiveness of his sins. The Prophet Muhammad (meib) said: "Past sins will be forgiven to those who intend to fast, with a sincere feeling believing in the obligation of fasting and hoping for the goodness of the Almighty." Hadeeth reported by Muslim and Bukhari.

Just as the Zakaat that we give to poor Muslims cleanses us, fasting cleanses us from our sins. We can say that fasting is the zakaat of our body. The hadith cited by Muslim says: "Sins committed between two prayers are forgiven by the next prayer; sins not forgiven by ordinary prayer are forgiven by the next Friday prayer; more serious sins, not forgiven this time, are forgiven during fasting in month of Ramadan. However, major sins must be avoided.

Humans are, in a sense, like angels. For example, both of them have a mind. For this reason, humans, like angels, are obligated to worship Allah. On the other hand, people have much in common with the animal world. Just like creatures have sex, they eat, drink and have other natural needs. And, if people think only about food, only fill their stomach, then in this case spirituality disappears, a person moving away from the likeness of angels, approaches the likeness of animals.

Fasting also causes Allah to accept our duas (prayers). As you know, angels do not eat or drink. A fasting person, limiting himself in the intake of food and water, approaches the spirit of angels and receives spiritual strength. In this state, his prayers are accepted faster, because the passion is subdued, the soul is freer and more sincere from this prayer. Words spoken like this

Tahajjud prayer- prayer, which is performed after Isha prayer and before dawn. Night tahajjud prayer, which is performed during the month of Ramadan, is called Taraweeh. This prayer is performed after the Isha prayer but before the Witr prayer. The difference between Tarawih prayer and Tahajjut lies in the number of rak'ahs and the time of performance. They begin to perform Tarawih prayer on the first night of the month of Ramadan, and end on the last night of fasting. This prayer is preferably performed by the jamaat in the mosque if it is not possible to visit the mosque. Usually in mosques during Tarawih prayers, one juz of the Qur'an is read in order to read the Qur'an in full for the month of Ramadan. This is very important because not everyone has the opportunity to read the Quran for themselves this month.

How many rak'ahs of Tarawih prayer should be read?

You can read 8 rak'ahs - this opinion refers to the Shafi'i madhhab, and you can also read 20 rak'ahs - this is the opinion of the scientists of the Hanafi madhhab. Many scholars rely on the opinions of the companions who agreed on ijma, that is, the general agreement in determining 20 rak'ahs for Taraweeh prayers. Hafiz Ibn Abdulbarr said: “The Companions had no disputes on this issue” (“Al-Istizkar”, v.5, p.157). Allama Ibn Kudama reported: “In the era of Saiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), the companions made ijma on this issue” (“Al-Mugni”). Hafiz Abu Zur "ah Al-Iraqi said: "They (Ulims) recognized the consent of the companions [when Saiduna Umar did this] as ijma" ("Tarh at-Tasrib", part 3, p. 97). Mulla Ali Kari decided that the companions (may Allah be pleased with them) had an ijma on the issue of performing twenty rak'ahs ("Mirkat al-Mafatih", v.3, p.194).

At the same time, supporters of 8 rak'ahs rely on the words of Aisha. She answered the question: “How did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) pray on the night of Ramadan?”, - ‘Aisha replied: “Neither during Ramadan, nor in other months, did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) perform prayers at night for more than eleven rak’ats.” al-Bukhari 1147, Muslim 738. That is, 8 rak'ahs of Tarawih prayer and 3 rak'ahs of Witr prayer.

Rules for performing Tarawih prayer.

As mentioned above, the Tarawih prayer consists of 8 or 20 rak'ahs. Namaz is performed 2 rak'ahs 4 times or 10 times, that is, 2 rak'ahs are read as 2 rak'ahs Fajr prayer and so it is repeated 4 times or 10 times. The result is 8 and 20 rak'ahs, respectively. You can also read 4 rak'ahs 5 times. There is a short break between every 2 or 4 rakahs. In mosques, it is used for small sermons. And if a person performs prayer at home, then you can do dhikr or read the Koran at this time.

How to read 2 rak'ahs.

1) Accept with your heart the intention that you pray 20 rak'ahs of taraweeh, which is sunnah, 2 rak'ahs each.

2) Start the prayer by saying “Alahu Akbar!” and close your hands.

3) Say: "Subhanaka", "Auzu...", "Bismillah....

5) At the end of reading the sura or part of the Qur'an, bow down in your hand and say three times: "Subhana Rabbiyal Azim."

6) Rise out of your hand and stand straight. Rising, say: "Sami" Allahu Liman Hamidah ", - and when you are already standing straight, say:" Rabbana wa lakal hamd ".

8) From sajdah, move to a sitting position.

9) Bow again in sajda and say three times: "Subhana Rabbiyal A" alaa.

10) Rise from the sajdah and stand for the second rak'ah. Say “Alahu Akbar!”, Sura “Al Fatiha” and 1 more sura or part of the Koran.

11) When you have finished reading the Qur'an, bow down in your hand. Then follow the same sequence of actions as indicated for the first rak'ah, up to the second sajd.

12) After the second sajdah, sit down and say " Attahiyatu ...», « Allahuma sally ala ... ”and the dua that you read before the end of the prayer.

13) Finish the prayer by saying: “Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah,” and turn your face to the right. Then do the same, turning your face to the left.

Reward for Taraweeh prayer

The hadith says: “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) encouraged people to perform additional night prayers during Ramadan, but did not oblige them in a categorical form, but said: “To the one who stood the nights of the month of Ramadan in prayers with faith and hope for the reward of Allah, they will be forgiven his former sins. (al-Bukhari 37, Muslim 759). Imam al-Baji said : “This hadeeth contains a great motivation to perform night prayers in Ramadan, and it is necessary to strive for this, since this act contains the expiation of past sins. Know that in order for sins to be forgiven, it is necessary to perform these prayers with faith in the truth of the promise of the prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and striving to earn the reward of Allah, moving away from window dressing and everything that violates deeds! (“al-Muntaqa” 251).

In another hadith it is said : “Once a man came to the prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and said: “O Messenger of Allah! Do you know that I testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and that you are the Messenger of Allah, and that I pray, pay zakat, fast and stand the nights of Ramadan in prayers?!” The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever dies on this will be in Paradise among the truthful and martyrs!”” (al-Bazzar, Ibn Khuzayma, Ibn Hibban. Authentic Hadith. See “Sahih at-targhib” 1/419).
Hafiz Ibn Rajab said: “Know that in the month of Ramadan two types of jihad against the soul gather in the believer! Jihad with daytime for the sake of fasting, and jihad with nighttime for the sake of performing night prayers. And the one who combines these two types of jihad in himself will deserve a reward without counting!” (“Lataiful-ma’arif” 171).

The main feature of this month, indicating its importance, is that this month began the sending down of the Koran, which is the last divine revelation. Also in this month, Muslims observe fasting, which is one of the main types of worship. The month of Ramadan is the Night of Predestination (Lailatul-Qadr), which is better than a thousand other months. Worship done in this month is more rewarded than worship done in any other month of the year. Ramadan is the month of forgiveness and mercy, mutual help and support, abundance and prosperity. In this section, we will talk about these features.

1. The Qur'an began to be sent down in the month Ramadan

Surah al-Baqarah says the following about the revelation of the Qur'an: “In the month of Ramadan, the Qur'an was sent down - the right guidance for the people, clear evidence from the right guidance and discernment” (al-Baqara, 2/185).

The sending down of the Qur'an began with the fact that in the year 610 in the month of Ramadan on the Night of Predestination, the angel Jibril (alayhissalam) conveyed the first five verses of Surah al-'Alaq to the prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), who at that time was in worship in the cave of Hira on Mount Nur in Mecca. Surah al-Qadr says: "Indeed, We sent down it (the Qur'an) on the Night of Destiny" (al-Qadr, 97/1).

To take full advantage of the barakat of the month of Ramadan, you need to devote more time to the study of the Qur'an. In fact, the believer must set aside part of the twenty-four hours of the day for reading the Koran; on these blessed days, more effort should be made so that the main part of the day is given to the Qur'an. It is necessary to try, plunging into the atmosphere of the meanings and instructions of the Koran, to act in accordance with its content. Change your condition and behavior for the better, as well as work on your shortcomings.

2. The month of Ramadan is the month in which obligatory fasting is observed.

The Quran says: “Whoever of you finds this month must fast. And if someone is sick, or is on the way, then let him fast the same number of days at another time. (al-Baqara, 2/185).

3. One of the nights of the month of Ramadan is the Night of Destiny, which is better than a thousand months

Allah Almighty says in the Quran: “Indeed, We sent it down on the Night of Destiny. How do you know what the night of Destiny is? The Night of Destiny is better than a thousand months. On this [night] the angels and the Spirit (i.e. Jibril) descend with the permission of their Lord, in order to fulfill [His] commands [for this year]. [On this night] - the sending down of greetings [to the believers from the angels] until [the very] dawn" (al-Qadr, 97).

It is absolutely known that the Night of Predestination is one of the nights of the month of Ramadan, but it is not known which one exactly. The mother of all believers ‘Aisha (radiyallahu ‘anha) reports that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: “Look for the Night of Predestination in the last ten days of Ramadan” (Tirmidhi, Saum, 71).

The expression "look for the Night of Destiny in the last ten days of Ramadan" means that this night can fall on any of these days, and indicates the need to increase worship on these days.

The most widespread opinion is that this night falls on the twenty-seventh night of the month of Ramadan, and throughout the Islamic world it is celebrated as the Night of Predestination.

Some hadiths say that the life of people of previous generations was much longer than that of our contemporaries, and, accordingly, they had more time to do pious deeds. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was sad that, due to the short life span, the believers of his community were not able to deserve such a great reward, despite all their efforts. Therefore, Almighty Allah rewarded the community of the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) with a Blessed Night, which is better than a thousand months.

The wisdom of the fact that the date of the Night of Predestination has not been precisely established lies in the fact that people, with diligence and diligence, can fully feel and realize the value of this Night and the mercy of the Creator hidden in it.

Of course, it is best to spend in worship all the last nights, starting from the twentieth, in order to be more sure that you will find Lailatul-Qadr and all its benefits. It is not so difficult to spend 10 or 11 nights in the full service of Allah, especially considering what a huge boon and reward is promised for this.

It is reported that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in one of the hadiths said: “Whoever spends the Night of Predestination in prayer with faith and hope for the reward of Allah, his former sins will be forgiven” (al-Bukhari, Muslim).

In Laylatul-Qadr, the best thing for a person will be sincere repentance, so that Allah forgives all his sins. On this night, missed prayers are performed, the Holy Quran is read, past offenses are forgiven, the mistakes of the days and months spent are analyzed, and plans for the future are made.

There are many hadiths on this subject. But it is important to know that Allah gave us such a blessed night as a special favor. And how fortunate are those who never miss it!

Numerous hadiths indicate that the du'a made on this night are accepted. It is reported that ‘Aisha (radiyallahu ‘anha) said: (Once) I asked: “O Messenger of Allah, tell me, if I find out (about the onset) of the night of Qadr, what should I say?”. He said: “Say: “O Allah, indeed, You are Forgiving, Generous, You love to forgive, so forgive me” ”(at-Tirmidhi, Bayhaki).

4. In the month of Ramadan, the doors of paradise open and the doors of hell close, and the devils are put in chains.

One of the hadiths says: “On the first night of Ramadan, the devils and jinn are chained, the gates of hell are closed, and not one of them opens. The gates of heaven open, and none of them close. And the herald announces: “O those who wish to do good! Fulfill your desire by doing good. O those who wish to do evil! Give it up. In the month of Ramadan, Allah releases many people from hell. This continues every night of this month. When the month of Ramadan comes, the gates of heaven open, and the gates of hell close, and the devils are put in chains ”(Saum, 1; Bukhari, Saum, 5).

5. Tarawih prayer is performed in the month of Ramadan

The word "taraweeh" is a form plural the word "tarviha" meaning "giving rest". In religious terminology, the word "tarawih" means a voluntary prayer performed in the month of Ramadan after the 'isha prayer. This prayer got its name due to the fact that after every four rak'ahs, the worshipers take a short break to rest. As already mentioned, tarawih prayer is a voluntary worship. Therefore, due to fatigue, employment and other similar reasons, tarawih prayers can be performed at home at 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 or 18 rak'ahs. Performing taraweeh prayer in this way is also in accordance with the Sunnah.

This prayer is an obligatory sunnah (sunna-muakkada) for men and women, which is performed every day during the month of Ramadan. The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) on the 23rd, 25th and 27th nights of the month of Ramadan performed tarawih prayer together with his companions in the mosque.

The time of this prayer comes after the night prayer al-‘isha and lasts until the time morning prayer. Namaz-taraweeh is performed before Witr-namaz and consists of twenty rak'ahs, as became known from the actions of the second righteous caliph 'Umar (radiallahu anhu). He finally approved the number of rak'ahs with the consent of the companions of the Prophet. It is narrated that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam): “After me, do not deviate from my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the righteous caliphs” (Abu Dawood, at-Tirmidhi). And also: “Whoever prays in the month of Ramadan with faith and expectation of reward from Allah, past sins will be forgiven.”

6. In Ramadan, the sins of believers are forgiven, who enliven this month with their worship.

Enlivening the month of Ramadan with worship is of great importance. The concept of "revival of the month of Ramadan" includes reading the Qur'an, dhikr and tafakkur (thinking), studying the life of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and obtaining religious knowledge.

The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: “Five prayers, Juma prayer until the next Juma prayer and fasting the month of Ramadan until the next Ramadan will be atonement for minor sins committed, provided that major sins are avoided” (Muslim, Tahara, 17 ).

7. Ramadan is a month of mercy and abundance, as well as public mutual assistance

The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), speaking about the virtues of the month of Ramadan, said: “In the month of Ramadan, my community was given five things that were not given to the previous communities. This:

• On the first night of Ramadan, Allah will look at my community with a look of mercy. Whoever Allah looks upon with mercy, He will not punish him.
• The smell from the mouth of a fasting believer is more pleasing to Allah than the smell of musk.
• Angels day and night ask for forgiveness for my community.
• Allah orders paradise: “Get ready and adorn for my slaves, for the time has come when they, having got rid of the weariness of earthly life, will enter into My mercy and into paradise.”
• On the last night of the month of Ramadan, my entire community will be pardoned. To the question of one of the companions about whether this night is the Night of Predestination, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied: “No. This is not the Night of Destiny. Don't you see? Workers receive their pay at the end of their work” (Munziri, II, 2).

8. For worship performed in the month of Ramadan, a greater reward is given.

Allah Almighty is infinitely merciful and forgiving to His servants. Our Lord gives us from ten to seven hundred rewards for every good deed we do. As for the reward for patience, it is limitless. Compared to other months, in the month of Ramadan, the believer receives a much greater reward for perfect worship.

“Whoever comes with a good deed will receive a tenfold reward. And whoever comes with an evil deed, he will receive only an appropriate reward, and they will not be treated unfairly. (al-An'am, 6/160).

The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: “Whoever fasted the month of Ramadan, and then another six days of the month of Shawwal, he is like the one who fasted throughout the year” (Tirmidhi, Saum, 53).

9. Ramadan is a month of patience and education of the spirit

Allah Almighty said in the Quran: “Verily, to those who are patient, their reward will be fully rewarded without counting.” (al-Zumar, 39/10). The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) confirmed this by saying: “Ramadan is a month of patience. And the reward for patience is paradise” (Munziri, II, 94-95).

Thus, a Muslim who fasts in the month of Ramadan educates his spirit and learns to be patient by resisting base desires and refraining from evil words and deeds.

10. In the month of Ramadan, a type of worship is performed called itikaf

I'tikaf is seclusion, subject to certain rules, in a mosque or in a place that is considered a mosque, with the intention of performing the worship of Allah. It is Sunnah to perform I'tikaf during the last ten days of Ramadan. In the state of itikaf, a Muslim spends time performing prayers, reading the Qur'an and other books, praying and doing dhikr.

It is reported that ‘Aisha (radiyallahu ‘anha) said: “The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) throughout his life in the last ten days of every Ramadan did not leave the mosque” (al-Bukhari, Muslim).

This kind of worship is considered a very meritorious deed. Thanks to solitude, the soul of a person for some time renounces worldly fuss and rushes to the Lord, and a believer worshiping in a mosque - the house of Allah, finds peace. How great is the blessing when a Muslim uses the passing days of his life, rushing with his whole being to his Creator in such a sacred place and being in worship, approaches Allah with a pure soul!

Performing itikaf means devoting one's time to worship and prayers, for even without performing namaz, but staying in the mosque, a person is in readiness for prayer. And this desire in itself is tantamount to prayer. So, thanks to itikaf, a person rises spiritually, enlightens his soul, and his appearance exudes the light of service. How blessed and beautiful are these moments of life!

The order of prayer

Tarawih prayer is a desirable prayer performed during the month of Ramadan after the night prayer. It begins on the 1st night of the month of Ramadan and ends on the last night of the fast. It is advisable to perform Taraweeh prayer in a mosque by jamaat, if this is not possible, then at home, together with family, neighbors. At the very least, alone. Usually they perform 8 rak'ahs - 4 prayers of two rak'ahs.

Before performing taraweeh prayer, after the sunnat of night prayer, the intention to fast in the month of Ramadan is pronounced with the following words:

Transcription: “Nawaitu an asuma savma gadin ayan adai farzin ramazana hazihi ssanati Lillahi Taala.”

Translation: "Indeed, I intend to fast tomorrow, permitted fard, in the month of Ramadan, this year, for the sake of Allah (s.t.) Almighty."

Then, before tarawih prayers, the following is read:

Transcription: “Khalisan mukhlisan la ilaha illallah sadikyan mu saddikyan Mugyammadun Rasulullah. Subbugun kyuddusun rabbuna wa rabbul malaikati varrug ya gyayyu ya kyyum. Allahumma sally ala Sayyidina Mugyammadin wa ala ali Sayyidina Mugyammadin wasallim. Allahumma inna us alukal jannata vanauzubika minannari vama fi ha.”

Then, after every two rak'ahs of tarvih prayer and vitr prayer, the following is read:

Transcription: “Subbugun kyuddusun rabbuna wa rabbul malaikati varrug. Ya gyayyu ya kyayyum. Allahumma sally ala Sayyidina Mugyammadin wa ala ali Sayyidina Mugyammadin wa sallim. Allahumma inna us "alukal jannata wa nauzubika minannar".

Then, after completing the Witr prayer, they read the following three times (the third time they raise their voice during the reading):

Transcription: "Subganal malikil quddus".

At the end, the following dua is read:

Transcription: “Allahumma inni auzubirizaka sahatika wa bi muaafatika min aukyubatika wa aauzubika minka la ugsi sanaan aleyka anta kama asnaita ala nafsika faqul ghasbiyallahu la ilaha illa huva aleihi tawakkaltu vahulyva”.

Then two sojdas (bow to the earth) are performed, in which they read seven times:

Transcription: "Subbugun kyuddusun rabbuna wa rabbul malaikati varrug".

Between soot they read “Ayat-al-Kursi” and before pronouncing “salaam” they read “Attagiyata”.

Then Tasbighat of the night prayer is performed (33 times subhanallah, 33 times alhamdulillah, 33 times allahu akbar, etc.).

Values ​​of Tarawih Prayer

Ali bin Abu Talib narrates: “Once I asked the Prophet (peace be upon him) about the virtue of the Tarawih prayer.” The Prophet (s.a.w.) replied:

“Whoever performs the Tarawih prayer on the 1st night, Allah (s.t.) will forgive his sins.

If he performs on the 2nd night, then Allah (s.t.) will forgive the sins of him and his parents, if they are Muslims.

If on the 3rd night, an angel will call under Arsh: “Verily, Allah (s.t.), He is Holy and Great, forgave your previously committed sins.”

If on the 4th night, he will receive a reward equal to the reward of a person who has read Tavrat, Inzhil, Zabur, Kuran.

If on the 5th night - Allah (s.t.) will reward him with a reward equal to praying in Masjidul Haram in Mecca, in Masjidul Nabawi in Medina and in Masjidul Aqsa in Jerusalem.

If on the 6th night - Allah (s.t.) will reward him with a reward equal to the completion of Tawaf in Baitul Mamur. (Above the Kaaba in heaven is an invisible house made of nur, where angels constantly perform tawaf).

And every pebble of Baitul Mamur and even clay will ask Allah (s.t.) for the forgiveness of the sins of this person.

If on the 7th night - he reaches the degree of the Prophet Musa (AS) and his supporters who opposed Fir'avn and Gyaman.

If on the 8th night, the Almighty will reward him with the degree of the Prophet Ibrahim (a.s.).

If on the 9th night, he will be equal to a person who worships Allah (s.t.), like slaves close to Him.

If on the 10th night - Allah (s.t.) gives him barakat in food.

Whoever prays on the 11th night will leave this world, just like a child leaves the womb.

If he does it on the 12th night, on the Day of Judgment this person will come with a face shining like the sun.

If on the 13th night, this person will be safe from all troubles.

If on the 14th night, the angels will testify that this person has performed the Tarawih prayers and Allah (s.t.) will reward him on the Day of Judgment.

If on the 15th night, this person will be praised by angels, including the carriers of Arsh and Kurs.

If on the 16th night - Allah (s.t.) will free this person from Hell and give him Paradise.

If on the 17th night - Allah (s.t.) will reward him with a great degree before Himself.

If on the 18th night - Allah (s.t.) calls out: “O Slave of Allah (s.t.)! I'm happy with you and your parents."

If on the 19th night - Allah (s.t.) will raise his degree to Paradise Firdavs.

If on the 20th night - Allah (s.t.) will reward him with the reward of Martyrs and the righteous.

If it is on the 21st night, Allah (s.t.) will build a house for him in Paradise from Nur (radiance).

If on the 22nd night, this person will be safe from sadness and anxiety.

If on the 23rd night, Allah (s.t.) will build him a city in Paradise.

If on the 24th night - 24 prayers of this person will be accepted.

If on the 25th night - Allah (s.t.) will free him from grave torment.

If on the 26th night - Allah (s.t.) will raise his degree 40 times.

If on the 27th night, this person will pass through the Sirat bridge with lightning speed.

If on the 28th night - Allah (s.t.) will raise him 1000 degrees in Paradise.

If on the 29th night - Allah (s.t.) will reward him with a degree of 1000 accepted hajjs.

If on the 30th night - Allah (s.t.) says: “Oh, My slave! Taste the fruits of Paradise, drink from the paradise river Kavsar. I am your Creator, you are My slave."

The Prophet (s.t.a.v.) said: “In the month of Ramadan, every day and every night, Allah (s.t.) the Most High releases the doomed (to Hell). Every Muslim must make one dua every day and every night.

Abu Huraira (r.a.) says that Rasulallah (s.t.a.w.) said: “The dua is not rejected by three. This is the one holding the uraza during iftar, a just ruler and offended. His dua Allah (s.t.) raises above the clouds, and opens the heavenly doors for her. And he is told: “You will definitely get help, even if after a while.”

May Allah (s.t.), who embraces everything with His Grace, forgive us and accept our prayers. Amen!

Namaz, which is performed during the month of Ramadan, is called Tarawih. This prayer is performed after the Isha prayer but before the Witr prayer.

The difference between Tarawih prayer and Tahajjut lies in the number of rak'ahs and the time of performance. They begin to perform Tarawih prayer on the first night of the month of Ramadan, and end on the last night of fasting. This prayer is preferably performed by the jamaat in the mosque if it is not possible to visit the mosque. Usually in mosques during Tarawih prayers, one juz of Qur'an is read in order to read it completely in the month of Ramadan. This is very important because not everyone has the opportunity to read the Qur'an for themselves this month.

How many rak'ahs of Tarawih prayer should be read?

You can read 8 rak'ahs - this opinion refers to the Shafi'i madhhab, and you can also read 20 rak'ahs - this is the opinion of the scientists of the Hanafi madhhab. Many scholars rely on the opinions of the companions, who agreed on ijma, that is, the general agreement on the definition of 20 rak'ahs for Tarawih prayers.

Hafiz Ibn Abdulbarr said: “The Companions had no disputes on this issue” (“Al-Istizkar”, v.5, p.157).

Allama Ibn Kudama reported: “In the era of Saiduna Umar (may Allar be pleased with him), the companions made ijma on this issue” (“Al-Mugni”).

Hafiz Abu Zur "ah Al-Iraqi said: "They (Alims) recognized the consent of the companions [when Saiduna Umar did this] as ijma" ("Tarh at-Tasrib", part 3, p. 97).

Mulla Ali Kari decided that the companions (may Allar be pleased with them) had ijma on the issue of performing twenty rak'ahs ("Mirkat al-Mafatih", v.3, p.194).

At the same time, supporters of 8 rak'ahs rely on the words of Aisha. She answered the question: "How did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) pray on the nights of Ramadan?" more than eleven rak'ats ”(al-Bukhari 1147, Muslim 738. That is, 8 rak'ahs of Tarawih prayer and 3 rak'ahs of Witr prayer).

Rules for performing Taraweeh prayer

As mentioned above, the Tarawih prayer consists of 8 or 20 rak'ahs. Namaz is performed 2 rak'ahs 4 times or 10 times, that is, 2 rak'ahs are read as 2 rak'ahs of Fajr prayer and this is repeated 4 times or 10 times. The result is 8 and 20 rak'ahs, respectively. You can also read 4 rak'ahs 5 times. There is a short break between every 2 or 4 rak'ahs. In mosques, it is used for small sermons. And if a person performs prayer at home, then you can do dhikr or read Qur'an at this time.

Reward for Taraweeh prayer

The hadith says: “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) encouraged people to perform additional night prayers during Ramadan, but did not oblige them in a categorical form, but said: “To the one who stood the nights of the month of Ramadan in prayers with faith and hope for the reward of Allahha, his former sins will be forgiven"(al-Bukhari 37, Muslim 759).

Imam al-Baji said: “This hadeeth contains a great motivation to perform night prayers in Ramadan, and one must strive for this, since this act contains the expiation of past sins. Know that in order for sins to be forgiven, it is necessary to perform these prayers with faith in the truth of the promise of the prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and striving to earn the reward of Allah, moving away from window dressing and everything that violates deeds! (“al-Muntaqa” 251). +

Another hadith tells: “Once a man came to the prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and said: “O Messenger of Allaah! Do you know that I testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and that you are the messenger of Allah, and that I pray, pay zakat, observe fasting and stand the nights of Ramadan in prayers?!”

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever dies on this will be in Paradise among the truthful and martyrs!”(al-Bazzar, Ibn Khuzayma, Ibn Hibban. Authentic Hadith. See “Sahih at-targhib” 1/419).

Hafiz Ibn Rajab said: “Know that in the month of Ramadan, two types of jihad against the soul gather in the believer! Jihad with daytime for the sake of fasting, and jihad with nighttime for the sake of performing night prayers. And the one who combines these two types of jihad in himself will deserve a reward without counting!” (“Lataiful-ma’arif” 171).