Who stood behind Lenin and the revolution. Lenin and money: accounting of the October Revolution

Where did Vladimir Ilyich get crazy money for party activities on the eve of the revolution and at its beginning? Interesting materials on this topic have been published over the past decades, but much still remains unclear...

Plots related to the theme “Lenin, money and revolution” are inexhaustible for a historian, a psychologist, and a satirist. After all, the man who called for making toilets in public toilets out of gold after the complete victory of communism, who never made money on own life with hard work, even in prison and exile he did not live in poverty and, it seemed, did not know what money was, at the same time he made a huge contribution to the theory of commodity-money relations.

What exactly? Not with his brochures and articles, of course, but with revolutionary practice. It was Lenin who introduced in 1919 - 1921 in revolutionary Russia a cashless natural product exchange between city and village. The consequence of this was the complete collapse of the economy, the paralysis of agriculture, mass famine and - as a result - mass uprisings against the power of the RCP (b). It was then, shortly before his death, that Lenin finally understood the importance of money and launched the NEP - a kind of “managed capitalism” under the control of the Communist Party.

But now we are not talking about these interesting stories in themselves, but about something else. About where Vladimir Ilyich got crazy money for party activities on the eve of the revolution and at its beginning. Interesting materials on this topic have been published over the past decades, but much still remains unclear.

For example, at the beginning of the twentieth century, money was given to the underground newspaper Iskra by a mysterious well-wisher (individual or collective), encrypted in the documents of the RSDLP as “California Gold Mines.” In the opinion of some researchers, we're talking about about the support of radical Russian revolutionaries by American Jewish bankers, mostly from Russian Empire, and their descendants, who hated the tsarist government for its official anti-Semitism. During the revolution of 1905 - 1907, the Bolsheviks were sponsored by American oil corporations in order to eliminate competitors from the world market (namely, Nobel's oil cartel from Baku). In those same years, by his own admission, the American banker Jacob Schiff gave money to the Bolsheviks.

And also the Syzran manufacturer Ermasov and the Moscow region merchant and industrialist Morozov. Then Shmit, the owner of a furniture factory in Moscow, became one of the financiers of the Bolshevik party. Interestingly, both Savva Morozov and Nikolai Shmit eventually committed suicide, and a significant part of their inheritance went to the Bolsheviks. And, of course, quite large amounts of money (hundreds of thousands of then rubles or tens of millions of hryvnias, according to current purchasing power) were obtained as a result of the so-called exes, or more simply - robberies of banks, post offices, and train station cash desks. At the head of these actions were two characters with thieves' nicknames Kamo and Koba - that is, Ter-Petrosyan and Dzhugashvili.

Previously on InfoSMI: Was Hitler afraid that after his death he would be laid next to Lenin in the Mausoleum? Revelations of the man who burned the Fuhrer

However, hundreds of thousands and even millions of rubles invested in revolutionary activities could only shake the Russian Empire, despite all its weak spots- the structure was too strong. But only in peacetime. With the outbreak of World War I, new financial and political opportunities opened up for the Bolsheviks, which they successfully took advantage of.

... On January 15, 1915, the German ambassador in Istanbul reported to Berlin about a meeting with Russian citizen Alexander Gelfand (aka Parvus), an active participant in the revolution of 1905 - 1907 and the owner of a large trading company. Parvus introduced the German ambassador to the plan for revolution in Russia. He was immediately invited to Berlin, where he met with influential members of the Cabinet and advisers to Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg.

Parvus offered to donate a significant amount to him: firstly, for the development of the national movement in Finland and Ukraine; secondly, in support of the Bolsheviks, who preached the idea of ​​defeating the Russian Empire in an unjust war in order to overthrow the “power of landowners and capitalists.” Parvus' proposals were accepted; By personal order of Kaiser Wilhelm, he was given two million marks as his first contribution to the “cause of the Russian revolution.” Then there were further cash injections, and more than one. So, according to Parvus’s receipt, on January 29 of the same 1915, he received a million rubles in Russian banknotes for the development of the revolutionary movement in Russia. The money arrived with German pedantry.

In Finland and Ukraine, the agents of Parvus (and the German General Staff) turned out to be figures of the second, if not third rank, so their influence on the processes of gaining independence by these countries turned out to be insignificant compared to the objective processes of nation-building in the Russian Empire. But Parvus-Gelfand made no mistake with Lenin. Parvus, according to him, told Lenin that revolution during this period was possible only in Russia and only as a result of the victory of Germany; in response, Lenin sent his trusted agent Furstenberg (Ganetsky) for close cooperation with Parvus, which continued until 1918.
Another sum from Germany, not so significant, came to the Bolsheviks through the Swiss deputy Karl Moor, but here we were talking about only 35 thousand dollars. Money also flowed through the Nia bank in Stockholm; according to the order of the German Imperial Bank No. 2754, accounts of Lenin, Trotsky, Zinoviev and other Bolshevik leaders were opened in this bank. And order No. 7433 of March 2, 1917 provided for payment of the “services” of Lenin, Zinoviev, Kollontai and others for public propaganda of peace in Russia, where the tsarist government had just been overthrown.

Enormous sums of money were used effectively: the Bolsheviks had their own newspapers, distributed free of charge, in every district, in every city; tens of thousands of their professional agitators operated throughout Russia; Red Guard detachments were formed quite openly. Of course, German gold was not enough here. Although the “poor” political emigrant Trotsky, who was returning from America to Russia in 1917, was seized by customs in the city of Halifax (Canada) 10 thousand dollars, it is clear that he sent some considerable money from the banker Jacob Schiff to his like-minded people. Even more funds were provided by the “expropriation of expropriators” (simply, the robbery of rich people and institutions), which began in the spring of 1917. Has anyone ever wondered by what right the Bolsheviks occupied the house-palace of the ballerina Kshesinskaya and the Smolny Institute in Petrograd?

But in general, the Russian democratic revolution broke out in the early spring of 1917, unexpectedly for all political subjects inside and outside the empire. This was a spontaneous process of genuine popular activity both in Petrograd and on the national outskirts of the state. Suffice it to say that a month before the start of the revolution, the Bolshevik leader Lenin, who was in exile in Switzerland, publicly expressed doubt that the politicians of his generation (that is, 40-50 years old) would live to see the revolution in Russia. However, it was the radical Russian politicians who rebuilt themselves faster than others and were ready to “ride” the revolution - using, as already mentioned, German support.

The Russian Revolution was not an accident; it is even surprising that it did not begin, say, a year earlier. All social, political and national problems in the Romanov Empire had already become aggravated to the limit, and this despite the fact that on the formal economic side, industry was developing dynamically, stocks of weapons, ammunition and ammunition had increased significantly. However, the extreme ineffectiveness of the central government and the corruption of the elite, inevitable under autocracy, took their toll. And then the deliberate disintegration of the army, the undermining of the rear, the sabotage of attempts to constructively resolve pressing problems, together with the incurable chauvinistic centralism of almost all Great Russian political forces, greatly aggravated the crisis.

During the 1917 campaign, Entente troops were supposed to simultaneously launch a general offensive on all European fronts in the spring. But the Russian army turned out to be unprepared for the offensive, therefore, the April attacks of the Anglo-French troops in the Reims area were defeated, the losses in killed and wounded exceeded 100 thousand people. In July, Russian troops attempted to go on the offensive in the Lviv direction, however, in the end they were forced to retreat from the territory of Galicia and Bukovina, and in the north they surrendered Riga almost without a fight.

And finally, the battle near the village of Caporetto in October led to disaster for the Italian army. 130 thousand Italian soldiers died, 300 thousand surrendered, and only British and French divisions urgently transferred from French territory in vehicles were able to stabilize the front and prevent Italy from leaving the war. And finally, after the November coup in Petrograd, when the Bolsheviks and Left Socialist-Revolutionaries came to power, a truce was declared on the Eastern Front, first de facto and then de jure, not only with Russia and Ukraine, but also with Romania.

In such changes on the Eastern Front, a significant role was played by the funds that Germany allocated for subversive work in the rear of the Russian army. “Military operations on the Eastern Front, prepared on a large scale and carried out with great success, were supported by significant subversive activities inside Russia, which were carried out by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Our main goal these activities further strengthened nationalist and separatist sentiments and provided support for revolutionary elements.

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We are still continuing this activity and are finalizing an agreement with the political department of the General Staff in Berlin (Captain von Hülsen). Our joint work has produced significant results. Without our constant support, the Bolshevik movement would never have been able to achieve the scope and influence that it now has. Everything suggests that this movement will continue to grow.” These are the words of the State Secretary of Foreign Affairs of Germany, Richard von Kühlmann, written by him on September 29, 1917, a month and a half before the Bolshevik coup in Petrograd.

Von Kuhlmann knew what he was writing about. After all, he was an active participant in all those events, a little later he conducted peace negotiations with Bolshevik Russia and the Ukrainian People's Republic in Berest at the beginning of 1918. A lot of money, tens of millions of marks, passed through his hands; he had contacts with a number of the main characters in this historical drama.

“I have the honor to ask Your Excellency to place the sum of 15 million marks at the disposal of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the purpose of political propaganda in Russia, assigning this amount to paragraph 6, section II of the Emergency Budget. Depending on how events develop, I would like to discuss in advance the possibility of contacting your Excellence again in the near future for the provision of additional funds", wrote von Kühlmann on November 9, 1917.

As we see, as soon as the message about the coup in Petrograd, which would later be called the Great October Revolution, was received, Kaiser Germany allocated new funds for propaganda in Russia. These funds go primarily to support the Bolsheviks, who first dismantled the army and then took the Russian Republic out of the war, thus freeing millions of German soldiers for operations in the West. However, they still retain the image of selfless revolutionaries and romantic Marxists. Until now, not only regular, so to speak, adherents of the ideas of Marxism-Leninism, but also a certain number of non-party left-wing intelligentsia are convinced: Vladimir Lenin and his like-minded people were sincere internationalists and highly moral fighters for the people's cause.

In general, an interesting situation is developing: there are secret documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kaiser Germany published by Oxford University in 1958, from which the telegrams of Richard von Kühlmann were taken and where you can find dozens of equally eloquent texts from the First World War, testifying to the enormous financial and organizational assistance that the German power was given to the Bolsheviks. Germany's goal was clear. Radical revolutionaries would undermine the combat potential of one of the main opponents of the central states, which included Germany, in the war - that is, the Russian Empire. Dozens of books have been published on this topic, containing other convincing evidence. But until now, not only communist historians, but also many liberal researchers deny historical self-evidence.

According to experts, the Kaiser’s Germany spent at least 382 million marks on so-called peaceful propaganda during the war. A colossal amount, as for the money of that time.

And again, State Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Richard von Kühlmann testifies.

“Only when the Bolsheviks began to receive a constant influx of funds from us through various channels and under different signs, did they become able to put their main organ, Pravda, on its feet, conduct energetic propaganda and significantly expand the initially narrow base of their party.” (Berlin, December 3, 1917). And indeed: the number of party members a year after the overthrow of tsarism increased 100 times!

As for the position of Lenin himself, the head of German military intelligence during the First World War, Colonel Walter Nikolai, spoke about him in his memoirs: “... At that time, like anyone else, I did not know anything about Bolshevism, but about Lenin I was it is only known that he lives in Switzerland as a political emigrant "Ulyanov", who provided my service with valuable information about the situation in Tsarist Russia which he fought against."

In other words, without constant help from the German side, the Bolsheviks would hardly have become one of the leading Russian parties in 1917. And this would mean a completely different course of events, probably much more anarchic, which would hardly lead to the establishment of any party dictatorship, much less a totalitarian regime. Most likely, another option for the collapse of the Russian Empire would have been realized, because the consequence of the First World War was precisely the destruction of empires. And the independence of Finland and Poland was a matter that was already decided de facto in 1916.

It is unlikely that the Russian Empire or even the Russian Republic would become an exception to the very process of the collapse of empires that began after the First World War. It is worth remembering that Britain had to grant independence to Ireland, that India moved by leaps and bounds towards its independence precisely after the First World War, and so on. And do not forget that the collapse of the Russian Empire began with the beginning of the 1917 revolution. Actually, this revolution itself to some extent bore the imprint of the national liberation struggle, because the Volynsky Life Guards Regiment was the first to rebel against the autocracy in Petrograd at the beginning of 1917.

The Bolsheviks were then a small and almost unknown party (four thousand members, mostly in exile and emigration) and had no influence on the overthrow of tsarism.

And after Lenin’s government came to power, support continued. “Please use large sums, as we are extremely interested in seeing the Bolsheviks survive. Riesler funds are at your disposal. If necessary, telegraph how much more is needed.” (Berlin, May 18, 1918). Von Kühlmann, as always, calls a spade a spade when contacting the German Embassy in Moscow. The Bolsheviks really held out and in the fall of 1918, they threw huge amounts of money from the treasury of the Russian Empire they had seized on revolutionary propaganda in Germany in order to spark a world revolution.

The situation was mirrored. In Germany, revolution broke out in early November 1918. Money, weapons and qualified personnel of professional revolutionaries brought from Moscow played a role in inciting it. But local communists failed to lead this revolution. Subjective and, most importantly, objective factors worked against them. Totalitarian regime established itself in Germany only 15 years later. But that is another topic.

Meanwhile, in the democratic Weimar Republic, the famous Social Democrat Eduard Bernstein published in 1921 in the central organ of his party, the newspaper Vorwärts, an article “Dark History”, in which he reported that back in December 1917 he received an affirmative answer from “one competent persons" when asked whether Germany gave money to Lenin.

According to him, more than 50 million gold marks were paid to the Bolsheviks alone. Then this amount was officially announced during a meeting of the Reichstag Committee on Foreign Policy. In response to accusations of "slander" by the communist press, Bernstein proposed to sue him, after which the campaign immediately ceased.

But Germany really needed friendly relations with Soviet Russia, therefore, discussion of this topic in the press did not resume.

One of the main political opponents of the Bolshevik leader, Alexander Kerensky, based on his investigation into the case of the Kaiser’s millions for Lenin, concluded: the total amount of money received by the Bolsheviks before they seized power and immediately after that to strengthen power was 80 million marks in gold (by today’s standards, we should be talking about hundreds of millions, if not billions of hryvnia). Actually, Ulyanov-Lenin never hid this from his circle of party colleagues: for example, in November 1918, at a meeting of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (Bolshevik quasi-parliament), the communist leader said: “I am often accused of having made our revolution with German money; I don’t deny this, but with Russian money I will make the same revolution in Germany.”

And he tried, sparing tens of millions of gold rubles. But it didn’t work out: the German Social Democrats, unlike the Russians, understood what was going on, and in time they organized the murder of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, and then the disarmament of the Red Guard and the physical destruction of its leaders. There was no other way out in that situation; perhaps if Kerensky had plucked up the courage and ordered the Smolny along with all its “red” inhabitants to be shot from cannon, the Kaiser’s millions would not have helped.

This could have been the end, if not for the information of the New York Times from April 1921 that Lenin’s account in one of the Swiss banks received 75 million Swiss francs in 1920 alone. According to the newspaper, there were 11 million dollars and 90 million francs in Trotsky’s accounts, 80 million francs in Zinoviev’s accounts, 80 million in the accounts of the “knight of the revolution” Dzerzhinsky, and 60 million francs and 10 million dollars in Ganetsky-Furstenberg’s accounts. Lenin, in a secret note dated April 24, 1921, to the KGB leaders Unshlikht and Bokiy, resolutely demanded to find the source of the information leak. Not found.

I wonder if this money was also intended to be used for the world revolution? Or are we talking about a kind of “rollback” from politicians and financiers of those states where the “red horses”, by the will of Lenin and Trotsky, did not go, although they could have gone? Here we can only build hypotheses. Because a significant amount of Lenin’s documents have not yet been declassified.

... More than 90 years have passed since those events. But revolutionary romantics around the world continue to argue that the Bolsheviks were highly moral and fiery revolutionaries, patriots of Russia and supporters of the freedom of Ukraine. And to this day in the center of Kyiv there is a monument to Lenin, on which it is written that in the union of Russian and Ukrainian workers, a free Ukraine is possible, and without such a union there can be no talk of it. And to this day, flowers are brought to this monument to a man who received money from the German intelligence services on “revolutionary” holidays. And until now, unfortunately, a significant part of Ukrainian society is not able to realize the big difference between the leaders of the October Revolution and the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917, which was that the Ukrainian Revolution was really not financed by anyone from the outside.

The film (2004) documented the long-circulated version that the October Revolution was made with German money. The film caused a shock among people of the old Soviet culture (and me too). It is not easy for them to believe that the Bolsheviks were brought to power by the diabolical plan of the German Foreign Ministry, developed and implemented by one of the first Russian revolutionaries, Alexander Parvus. (based on a documentary film shown on RTR in 2004) Until recently, this story was shrouded in secret. This secret was carefully hidden by the Bolsheviks, their German patrons, and German financial circles involved in the implementation of what is still called the “Great October Socialist Revolution.” This is a documented version of the activities of the man who brought Lenin to power. Berlin.. Here, in the capital of Germany, which had already been at war with Russia for six months, a gentleman arrived from Constantinople, well known to the police under the name Alexander Parvus. Here he waited for an important meeting, on which not only his fate depended, but also the fate of Germany, the fate of the country, citizenship which he unsuccessfully sought for many years. Parvus came to Berlin on the recommendation of the German ambassador to Turkey von Wangeiheim. An influential diplomat close to Kaiser Wilhelm II in a secret telegram advised not to trust Pargus too much, nevertheless, the meeting took place - in the most closed and aristocratic department of Kaiser Germany - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. No minutes of the conversation were kept, but a few days later - March 9, 1915 Parvus provided his 20-page memorandum, which was essentially a detailed plan to bring Russia out of the war through revolution. We managed to find this memorandum plan in the archives of the German Foreign Office. Speaks Natalia Narochnitskaya, author of the book "Russia and Russians in the First World History": - Parvus's plan was grandiose in its simplicity. It contained everything - from the geography of revolutionary actions, strikes, strikes that were supposed to paralyze the supply of the army, to a plan of a grandiose scale to destroy civil and national identity. The collapse of the Russian empire from within was also the central point in Fargus's plan - the rejection of the Caucasus, Ukraine, and the Baltic states. Never before has Germany had such an expert on Russia, who knew all its weaknesses so much. He says: - Alexander Parvus - in fact, this is Israel Lazarevich Gelfand. “Parvus” was his pseudonym, taken from Latin - it clearly did not actually correspond to the appearance of this obese man, because “parvus” in translation means “small”. For the leadership of the Kaiser's Germany, this plan to destroy Russia from within was simply a gift of fate - it was the first World War. After just a few months of the war, it became clear to the German command that it was necessary to liquidate the eastern Russian front as soon as possible and transfer all forces to the western one - where Russia’s allies, the British and French, were fighting. In addition, Türkiye, which entered the war on the side of Germany, recently suffered a crushing defeat from Russian troops in the Caucasus . The Germans started talking about a separate peace with Russia, but Emperor Nikolai Romanovich and the Supreme Duma put forward the slogan “War to a victorious end.” Speaks Zbinek Zeman (Czech Republic), biographer of Alexander Parvus: - Parvus wanted a revolution to take place in Russia. The Germans wanted to take Russia out of the war. These were two goals that were completely different from each other. In his memorandum plan, Parvus constantly referred to the experience of the first Russian revolution of 1905. This was his personal experience . Then he became about one of the leaders of the Council of Workers' Deputies created in St. Petersburg, in fact its founding father. Alexander Parvus was one of the first political emigrants to return to Russia in 1905, at the height of strikes and walkouts. Natalia Narochnitskaya, author of the book “Russia and Russians in the First World History”": - It was he, and not Lenin at all, who played the role of first violin. Lenin generally came to the preliminary examination. At that time in St. Petersburg they were already in the lead Parvus and Trotsky. Both were spirited journalists. Somehow they managed to get their hands on two newspapers - "Start" And " Russian newspaper". Soon the circulation of these publications, at a symbolic price of one kopeck, grew to one million copies. N. Narochnitskaya: - Parvus was the first to realize that manipulation of public consciousness is the most important tool of politics. IN December 1905 The population of the empire was gripped by panic. On behalf of the St. Petersburg Council, a certain “Financial Manifesto” was published, in which the country's economy was painted in the darkest colors. The population immediately began withdrawing their bank deposits, which almost led to the collapse of the entire financial system countries. The entire composition of the Council, including Trotsky, was arrested. Soon the author was also taken into custody provocative publications. When arrested, he presented a passport in the name of an Austro-Hungarian citizen, Karl Vaverka, then admitted that in reality he was a Russian citizen, a tradesman, wanted since 1899 Israel Lazarefich Gelfand. He revealed the following about himself: he was born in the Minsk province in the town of Berezino in 1867. In 1887 he went to Switzerland, where he graduated from university. Known in socialist circles as the author of theoretical articles. Marital status: married, has a 7-year-old son, does not live with his family. Elisabeth Heresch (Austria), biographer of Alexander Parvus: - While in prison, Parvus ordered expensive suits and ties for himself, took pictures with friends, and used the prison library. Visitors came - so Rosa Luxemburg visited him while in St. Petersburg . The punishment turned out to be not severe - three years of administrative exile in Siberia. On the way to the appointed place, taking advantage of the carelessness of the guards, Parvus fled. Autumn 1906 he appears in Germany, where he publishes a book of memoirs, “In the Russian Bastille during the Revolution.” This was the first success of Parvus’s black PR in creating a negative image of Russia in the eyes of the German reader. After a meeting at the Foreign Ministry with Parvus in 1915 High-ranking German officials appreciated his subversive experience. He becomes the main consultant to the German government on Russia. Then they allocate him first tranche - one million gold marks. Then they will follow new millions “for revolution” in Russia. The Germans relied on internal unrest in the enemy country. From the "Plan of Parvus":“The plan can only be implemented by the party of Russian Social Democrats. Its radical wing, under the leadership of Lenin, has already begun to act... " First Lenin and Parvus met in Munich in 1900. It was Parvus who convinced Lenin to print "Spark"in his apartment, where an illegal printing house was equipped. : - The relationship between Parvus and Lenin was problematic from the very beginning. These were two types of people who had difficulty getting along with each other. At first it was ordinary envy - Lenin always saw in Parvus ideological rival . An already difficult relationship became complicated due to the scandal with Gorky. Parvus offered to represent the copyright of the “petrel of the revolution” when staging Gorky’s play "At the bottom". By agreement with Gorky, the main income was to go to the party treasury - that is, under the control of Lenin, and a quarter to Gorky himself - which was a lot. In Barilna alone the performance was shown over 500 times. But it turned out that Parvus appropriated the entire amount - 100 thousand marks - to himself. Gorky threatened to sue Parvus. But Rosa Luxemburg convinced Gorky not to wash dirty linen in public. Everything was limited to a closed party court, to which Parvus did not even appear. In a letter to the leadership of the German Social Democrats, he cynically stated that "d The money was spent on a trip with a young lady around Italy... ". This young lady was herself Rosa Luxemburg. Winfried Scharlau (Germany), biographer of Alexander Parvus: - It was a political scandal that caused great damage to his name, and gave the opportunity to many revolutionaries to establish their opinion of Parvus as a deceiver. And now in Switzerland Parvus had to see Lenin again - the one to whom he assigned the main role in his plan. From memory Krupskaya, Lenin in 1915 year spent whole days sitting in local libraries, where he studied the experience of the French Revolution, with absolutely no hope of applying it in Russia in the coming years. E. Heresh: - Word spread quickly about Parvus’s arrival. Parvus rented the best room in the most luxurious hotel in Zurich, where he spent time surrounded by lush blondes. His morning began with champagne and a cigar. In Zurich, Parvus distributed a large sum of money among Russian political emigrants and went on a date with Lenin in Bern, where he found him having lunch in a cheap restaurant among “his own people.” Lenin was unhappy that Parvus was seeking a meeting in a public place. Therefore, the fateful conversation was transferred to the modest emigrant apartment of Lenin and Krupskaya. From the memories of Parvus: "Lenin sat in Switzerland and wrote articles that almost never went beyond the emigrant environment. He was completely cut off from Russia and sealed as if in a bottle. I shared my views with him. Revolution is possible in Russia only if Germany wins ". N. Narochnitskaya: - The question arises - why did Parvus choose Lenin? It was Parvus who found him and gave him this chance. Lenin was a cynic and even among the revolutionaries not everyone was ready to take money from the enemy at the moment Patriotic War. Parvus seemed to understand Lenin’s terrible ambition, his lack of principles, Parvus made him understand that Lenin would have new opportunities, and these opportunities were money. Vahan Hovhannisyan, Deputy of the National Assembly of Armenia from the Dashnaktsutyun party: - It was in May 1915 that the Swiss famous meeting between Lenin and Parvus took place, when Lenin accepted Parvus’s plan for the destruction of Russia - “power for the Bolsheviks, defeat for Russia.” During these months - April, May, summer of 1915, the entire world press wrote about the genocide against the Armenian people. This destruction began in the year 15 and is known in history as the genocide of the Armenian people Ottoman Empire. Lenin did not find a word of sympathy, not a word of condolences even for the Armenian Bolsheviks. Parvus appeared as the evil genius of the Armenian people, and it was then that Parvus warned Lenin against any pro-Armenian gestures and speeches. The solution is quite simple. The solution lay in the special position of Parvus in Turkey. The main organizers of the Armenian genocide, ministers in the government of the Young Turks Tala Pasha and Enver Pasha became his closest friends. Having left for Turkey for three months after the scandal with Gorky, Parvus lived there for five years. E. Heresh: - Parvus pushed aside all ideology and began to amass his enormous fortune. He acted as an arms speculator, sales agent, merchant, businessman, publicist and as a consultant to the government of the Young Turks. His residence was on the prince's islands. Behind a short time Having become a super-influential person, Parvus played a significant role in Turkey's decision to enter the war on the side of Germany. N. Narochnitskaya: - His plan directly states that all this is purely a matter of money. And he understood that the country was being torn apart and parts falling away from it during the war would be a collapse for the state. Having formed an alliance with Lenin, Parvus heads to the capital of Denmark, a neutral state during the First World War. In Copenhagen it was easier to establish ties with Russia. Here parvus was to create " offshore"to launder German money. E. Heresh: -After the meeting in Switzerland, Lenin no longer wanted to meet Parvus in person. He sends his confidant, Yakov Ganetsky, to Copenhagen in his place. In Copenhagen, Parvus creates a commercial export-import company, appointing Yakov Ganetsky, Lenin’s contact, as its manager. After “October” 17, Ganetsky will be appointed by Lenin as Deputy Chief Commissioner of the State Bank... The office headed by Ganetsky made it possible to send his people under the guise of “business partners” to Russia to create an underground network. Z. Zeman:- He may have been the discoverer of what is called a “phrank organization” - these were cover organizations, conditional societies that did not do what they officially announced. Such an organization was the “Institute for the Study of the Social Consequences of War,” which Parvus opened in Copenhagen in 1915 with German money. Among his employees are A. Zurabov, former State Duma deputy, and Moses Uritsky, who established the work of courier agents. After "October" '17 Uritsky will be appointed by Lenin as Chairman of the Petrograd Cheka. Z. Zeman:- This is a very close connection between politics, economics and secret services. At that time, this technology was still in a trial, experimental stage. She was not yet developed at all. Neutral Denmark was then a “mecca” for speculators. But even against this background, Ganetsky’s arms smuggling activities were so provocative that they became the reason for his arrest and then deportation from the country. Hans Bjerkegren (Sweden), author of the book "Russian Post" says: - In Stockholm at that time there were banks, businesses, and people like Parvus, Ganetsky, Vorovsky, Krasin lived here - just criminals, smugglers. Parvus came to Stockholm from Copenhagen two or three times a month to personally manage affairs. Agents arriving from Russia stayed in his six-room apartment. Among Parvus' regular agents were famous Bolsheviks - Leonid Krasin and Vaclav Vorovsky, who were simultaneously part of Lenin’s inner circle. Parvus got Krasin a job at the German company Siemens-Schuher as manager of the Petrograd branch. After "October" 17, Krasin will be appointed People's Commissar of Trade and Industry by Lenin. For Vorovsky, Parvus establishes an office of the same company in Stockholm. After "October" '17, Vorovsky will be appointed by Lenin as plenipotentiary envoy in Sweden and other Scandinavian countries. Thus, “commercial ties” are being actively established between Stockholm and Petrograd. Through catalogs of offered goods, Parvus agents transmit secret information written in invisible ink, including instructions from Lenin from Zurich. But main task These companies were involved in the circulation of money that Parvus received from Germany for the Bolshevik party treasury. Often these were fictitious loans for transactions that almost never materialized. In Copenhagen, Parvus becomes especially close to the German ambassador to Denmark, Count Brochdor of Brassau. This sophisticated aristocrat becomes a personal friend of Parvus and his main lobbyist in Berlin. From 1922 to 1928, the Count would be the German Ambassador to Soviet Russia. Alexander Parvus generated ideas easily and simply. So in the fall of 1915, he conveyed a new proposal to the count. Through diplomatic channels, he transports him to Berlin. It was a description of some financial transaction. According to its author, it will not cost Germany much, but will lead to a large collapse in the ruble exchange rate in Russia. With this financial provocation, Parvus wanted to repeat his success of 1905. I was interested in the proposal. And Parvus is immediately invited to Berlin for a consultation. Then he promises to organize a major political strike in Russia. He receives 1 million rubles on the eve of 1916. Mass strikes took place in Petrograd and southern Russia. But they did not develop into a massive armed uprising, scheduled by Parvus for January 9. The people did not succumb to provocations then. In Berlin they doubted whether the money was reaching its target. It was suggested that Parvus was simply embezzling money. Parvus urgently needed to prove the effectiveness of his work. From the "Plan of Parvus":“Particular attention should be paid to the city of Nikolaev, since two large warships are preparing for the launch there in a very tense situation...” The battleships “Empress Catherine” and “Empress Maria” built at the Nikolaev shipyards and commissioned in 1915 were Russian a response to the dominance of two German battleships in the waters of the Black Sea. German ships sailed under the Turkish flag and boldly fired at the coast and port cities. The battleship "Empress Maria" was superior to the German ships with numerous heavy artillery and fast speed. And then Parvus’s “tip” came true. On October 7, 1916, the battleship Empress Maria was blown up and a terrible fire broke out, killing more than two hundred sailors. N. Narochnitskaya: - The grandeur of his cunning plan was to destroy the defense consciousness. Thousands of newspapermen paid by him, even deputies State Duma they gloated over the defeat of their own army, and during successful offensives they shouted that the war was “shameful and senseless.” He became the first author on political technology to transform the domestic war into a civil war. The German Foreign Ministry's interest in Parvus has reappeared after February revolution . We had to hurry. Provisional Government o continued the war with Germany, confirming its allied obligations to France and England. At the same time, the United States of America also opposed Germany. Funding for Parvus was again unfrozen. To carry out the plan, Parvus was Lenin is needed. But not in Switzerland, but in Russia... German high-ranking officials, together with Parvus, developed plan to transport Lenin to Russia. The route passed through Germany. According to martial law, citizens of an enemy country had to be immediately arrested when crossing the border. But by personal order of the Kaiser, an exception was made for Lenin and his assistants, Russian subjects. E. Heresh: - Lenin said that under no circumstances should you buy tickets with German money. Therefore, Parvus bought them privately. The departure of internationalist immigrants from Switzerland turned out to be very stormy. A group of patriotic Russians gathered at the station. They have already said that the Germans paid Lenin “good money.” When those departing began to sing “internationale,” shouts were heard all around: “German spies!”, “The Kaiser is paying for your passage!” A small scuffle broke out at the station, and Lenin fought back with an umbrella he had prudently grabbed in advance... E. Heresh:- The so-called “sealed” carriage was part of a regular train. It’s interesting that all other German trains had to let Lenin’s train pass, so important was this “state matter” for Germany. In total, 33 people were accommodated in the “sealed” carriage. There was famine in Germany. But the passengers of the special train had no problems with food. Lenin with Zinoviev They constantly drank freshly bought beer. In Berlin, the train was placed on sidings for a day, and under the cover of darkness, high-ranking representatives of the Kaiser arrived at the train. It was after this meeting that Lenin revised his “April Theses”. In Sweden, Lenin sent Radek to a meeting with Parvus. From the memoirs of Parvus:“I conveyed to Lenin through a mutual friend that now peace negotiations are necessary. Lenin replied that his business is revolutionary agitation. Then I said: tell Lenin that if state policy does not exist for him, then he will become a tool in my hands...” On the day of Lenin's arrival, a photograph of Lenin appeared in the Swedish newspaper of left-wing democrats "Politiken" with the caption - "leader of the Russian revolution." E. Heresh:- By this time, Lenin had already been outside Russia for ten years - in exile, and hardly anyone remembered him in his homeland, with the exception of some party comrades, so this signature was absolutely absurd. But... this is how Parvus “worked”. On the instructions of Parvus, Yakov Ganetsky directed a grand meeting of Lenin at the Finland station in St. Petersburg - with an orchestra, with flowers, with an armored car and Baltic sailors. An urgent “encryption” was sent to Berlin: “..Lenin’s entry into Russia was a success. He works entirely according to our wishes...” The next day Lenin spoke with the “April theses.” N. Narochnitskaya: - These “April theses” contained a program and tactics for the complete destruction and defeat of all state system to the ground. Already the first paragraph of the theses contains a call for so-called “fraternization” with the enemy. Surprisingly, the “fraternization” coincided with the suspension of hostilities by the German side. Massive desertion began. After Lenin’s arrival in Petrograd, German money poured into the Bolshevik treasury. Parvus feverishly exchanges telegrams with his agents. Speaks Kirill Alexandrov, historian: - Ganetsky’s telegram - “.. we are organizing a rally on Sunday. Our slogans are “All power to the Soviets”, “Long live workers’ control over the arms of the whole world”, “Khl:), peace, freedom...” Roughly speaking, in all the slogans that could appeal to the already disorganized masses who followed the Bolsheviks and who ultimately carried out the October revolution were piled up in a heap .. E. Heresh: - Those leaflets and slogans with which Lenin wanted to stir up the Russian capital Petrograd during the July 1917 putsch, all of them came from the pen of Parvus. The goal of the Bolsheviks during the riots in July 1917 there was a seizure of the counterintelligence Directorate of the General Staff. It was here that documents and correspondence of persons exposed in relations with the enemy were concentrated. Counterintelligence, without the consent of the provisional government, organized a “leak” of compromising evidence to the press. The Provisional Government was forced to open an investigation accusing the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, of treason and organizing an armed rebellion. From the testimony of witnesses: “The Bolsheviks paid more for a strike day than for a working day. For participation in demonstrations and shouting slogans from 10 to 70 rubles. For shooting in the street - 120-140 rubles.” The money coming from Germany was sent to the Siberian and Russian-Asian trading banks. The main managers of this money were Ganetsky's relatives. N. Narochnitskaya: - Sitting in his luxurious estates, wearing diamond cufflinks, Parvus repaid the country with a revolution, which he did not feel sorry for, which he hated. But for himself he left a piece of a completely different world. From the testimony of witnesses: “In Copenhagen we went to Parvus. He occupied a mansion, had a car, was a very rich man, although a Social Democrat. All those accused in the case of high treason were released on a large cash bail. Meanwhile, the Provisional Government was planning to sign a separate peace with Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria, but not with Germany. A date was set for November 8-9. This scenario deprived Lenin of his main trump card in the struggle for power, and Parvus had to answer to the German Foreign Ministry for wasted money. money. " Delay is like death! Now everything hangs by a thread!“- Lenin cried hysterically. On October 25 (or November 7 according to the new style) the Bolsheviks illegally seized power. Lenin and Trotsky became leaders. Immediately after the coup, another 15 million marks were transferred to Lenin to support him - after all, the Bolshevik government was not popular among the population. At the same time, peace negotiations with Germany began. Germany's harsh territorial claims caused a violent reaction in Russian society. Even Lenin's comrades considered the acceptance of such conditions dangerous. Lenin insisted on concluding peace on any terms: “We have no army, and a country that does not have an army must accept an unheard of shameful peace!” N. Narochnitskaya: - What was torn away from Russia was exactly what Germany was going to conquer when starting the First World War. And the tragedy was that the surrender of these vast territories did not occur as a result of military defeat, but on the contrary - at the moment when victory was almost in hand.. Trotsky played his game. He made a statement: " We stop hostilities, but we don’t sign peace!” In response to Trotsky's bold statement, Germany immediately resumed the offensive. Without encountering any resistance, German troops easily advanced deep into Russia. The new conditions already provided for about a million torn off kilometers. It was larger than the territory of Germany itself.. This agreement immediately turned Russia into a second-rate state. This was the price to pay for power. Parvus expected that Lenin would give him Russian banks in gratitude. But that did not happen. Lenin conveyed to Parvus: " Revolution cannot be made with dirty hands." Then Parvus decided to take revenge. During 1918 there were two attempts on Lenin’s life!! What the Kaiser was preparing for Russia boomeranged against Germany. Germany was defeated in the war. The Kaiser fled. The German government was headed by Parvus's friends - the socialists. Social upheaval and devastation along the lines of Bolshevik Russia were not part of Parvus’s plans. On the night of January 14 Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg were killed. This murder was ordered and paid for by Parvus. Having achieved the final goal for both Lenin and Berlin, Parvus turned out to be of no use to either one or the other. E. Heresh: - In this story, Parvus, like a puppeteer, pulled the strings, the puppets, who acted out the performance he had invented, which we still call “revolution.” Lenin died in January 1924. Parvus died in December of the same year. A few German comrades came to his funeral. His grave is lost. And in Russia, the name of the man who brought Lenin to power will be consigned to oblivion... The film itself: http://armnn.ru/index.рhp?option=com_content&view=article&id=449:2010-07-14-18-32- 11&catid=44:interesting Updated 24/02/12 14:49: Sorry if anyone has seen the movie before. I saw it not in 2004, but now I was in shock. Very reminiscent of today. Who is playing the role of Parvus today and who is paying him money to organize this in our country? Who?
Berezovsky, Malashenko, Nemtsov. (photo found on the Net-net link) Updated 24/02/12 15:01: aniase 02/24/12 14:39 I would like to clarify that the thread stretches further. It is reliably known that the revolution in Russia was financed by some American banks. This also means Obama and Clinton US Ambassador to Russia McFaul, specialist in color revolutions Updated 24/02/12 15:13: Who plays the role of Lenin? Who plays the role of Lenin today? Tell me, who is Parvus, who is Lenin? And whose money is the Internet running on? After all, it’s enough to pay one, 2, 3, then the crowd and competent manipulation of it.

November 7th, 2017

In connection with the release of the false series “Demon of the Revolution” about the alleged German financing of Lenin (a lie that the Provisional Government could not prove in the summer of 17), it is appropriate to read a short investigation from yroslav1985 -
Fake documents in the article "GANETSKY'S CASE". WHO FINANCED LENIN?", published 6 years ago.
***
On the website http://www.pseudology.org/people/Ganetsky_delo.htm there is an article - “Ganetsky’s CASE”. WHO FINANCED LENIN? Original documents of the Central Committee are published for the first time.

The documents cited in the article are fake.

The contents of the article are as follows:
"From the editor. The personality of Yakov Ganetsky (Furstenberg) at first glance may seem quite ordinary among many different “revolutionary” and “Soviet statesmen” figures.
Member of the Communist Party since 1896, participant in the revolution of 1905-1907, member of the Central Committee and Foreign Bureau of the Leninist RSDLP, since 1917 - employee of the People's Commissariat of Finance, Vneshtorg, People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, and since 1935 - director of the Museum of the USSR Revolution.
In 1937, the revolutionary activity of Ganetsky, like many other Bolshevik-Leninists, was cut short in the dungeons of the NKVD by the bullets of his own “party comrades.” Years later, the same party rehabilitated him and declared him “unreasonably repressed.” This is, perhaps, all that is known outstanding about Ganetsky’s biography from publicly available information.
At the same time, however, with the rarest exception, the fact is never mentioned that it was Ganetsky-Furstenberg who, since 1915, was the personal treasurer of Ulyanov-Blank-Lenin, as well as the confidant of the financial genius of the Bolsheviks, Gelfand-Parvus. And that it was through these three people, who were also agents of the German General Staff, that colossal sums of money were passed, aimed at the destruction of the Autocracy and the destruction of Russia. In addition, none other than Parvus and Ganetsky contributed to the return of Lenin to Russia with his closest henchmen, who arrived in a sealed carriage through Germany and, with German money, literally blew up the Russian Empire from the inside. So, it is still too premature to put an end to this story and rehabilitate another “innocent victim” of Stalin’s purges in the person of Yakov Ganetsky. Evidence of this is archival documents from the special fund of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, which make up the so-called “Ganetsky Case”. By printing them, the editors of the newspaper “MEMORY” continue a series of revealing publications about secret pages national history, mercilessly exposing the criminal essence of Bolshevism. (The text retains the spelling and punctuation of the originals).

1. Letter from Dzerzhinsky to Stalin dated May 13, 1920 R.S.F.S.R. May 13, 1920
All-Russian STRICTLY SECRET


ref. No. 14200/D
The memoirs of the famous statesman and political figure Erich Ludendorff have been published in Germany. He describes the relationship of the German General Staff and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with Lenin, who, as follows from Ludendorff’s memoirs, was used as a provocateur to disrupt a separate peace with Russia and Germany’s victory in the war (hereinafter, words underlined personally by Stalin are highlighted with a double line - Ed.).
He writes in particular: “By providing gratuitous assistance to Lenin in moving to Russia, our government realized a special responsibility. This enterprise was justified” only from a military point of view. Russia needed to be brought down..."
CHAIRMAN OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN EXTRAORDINARY COMMISSION: DZERZHINSKY F.
The letter contains Stalin’s signature dated May 14 of the same year and a resolution from an unknown person: “Ukr. Comrade Stalin. To the p/b (Politburo of the Central Committee - Ed.) as of 05.20.20, try to have all the books in one place. 13.05" .

2. Extract from the protocol of the decision of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) dated May 20, 1920.
Workers of all countries, unite
Comrade STALIN I.V. TOP SECRET
EXTRACT FROM THE POLITBURO DECISION
Central Committee of the RCP (b) dated May 20, 1920 No. 12998/P
paragraph 14. - about Ludendorff’s memories.
(speaker comrade Stalin)
We decided to translate and print only those parts of the book that relate to the Brest negotiations.
We recommend that all honest citizens not believe dirty slander and dark rumors.
Present: comrade. Comrade Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin, Kamenev, Tomsky, Preobrazhensky.
The document bears Stalin’s signature dated May 20, 1920 and a resolution from an unknown person:
"Comrade Stalin's instructions to store all available brochures in the s/f (special fund - Ed.), prepare a translation of the entire book, but not submit it for printing. 21.05 (signature)."

3. Letter from Dzerzhinsky to Stalin dated December 25, 1922 (on seven pages).
NKVD RSFSR December 25, 1922
GPU SECRETARY OF THE CPSU(B.) Central Committee
No. 14270 comrade TO J. V. STALIN
It is known that “Kuzmich” (one of Lenin’s party nicknames - Ed.) was actually recruited by a representative of the German General Staff (in 1915) Gelfand Alexander Lazarevich (aka Parvus, aka Alexander Moskvich), born in the family of a Jewish artisan in the town of Berezino, Minsk province. He studied in Odessa and graduated from the University of Basel. Ph.D.
Parvus met with “Kuzmich” in May 1915 and completed all the formalities in writing. In order for “Kuzmich” to receive money, a receipt was written, an autobiography was written, a signature on cooperation was given, and the pseudonym “Zerstorenmann” was assigned. All meetings organized by Parvus with “Kuzmich” were of a conspiratorial, secret nature.
Parvus was in the service of the German Foreign Ministry and held a position on the General Staff. He was a member of the family of the German Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg, and was an assistant to Erich Ludendorff (the military brain of Germany). Ludendorff described in his book the cooperation of the Bolshevik leaders with the German government. Now Ludendorff declares that the Bolshevik government “exists by our mercy.”
It is known that Parvus, through dummies and personally, transferred large sums of money to “Kuzmich” about the expenditure of which he did not inform the Central Committee and close comrades. Parvus's assistant was Fustenberg Yakov Stanislavovich (aka Borel, Hanecki, Gendrichek, Franciszek, Kuba, Keller), a former Member of the Polish Socialist. dem. party, delegate of the II, IV, VI congresses of the RSDLP, member of the Central Committee and the foreign bureau of the Central Committee, personal treasurer of “Kuzmich” since 1915. He was Parvus’s confidant in financial matters, a paid agent of the German General Staff, listed under the pseudonym “Mirian”.
Parvus's recruitment operation was carefully prepared over many years, from 1906-1907. For contacts, Parvus sent Ganetsky to Copenhagen. Despite the conspiratorial atmosphere of the meetings and giving them a secret character, “Kuzmich”, however, blabbed about this to Inessa Armand, during a vacation in Zerenberg, in May 1915. “Kuzmich” said that in order to receive money he had to make political concessions to the German authorities.
Ekaterina Gorman also testifies that she came to Switzerland with Parvus and Ganetsky
They were accommodated in one of the luxurious and expensive hotels and through it Parvus distributed about 20 million German marks among needy Russian emigrants, among whom, in addition to those indicated, were also: Trotsky, Bukharin and others. She knew Parvus’s connections with the German government, which demanded an account for the use of money. Therefore, Parvus always took receipts from those to whom money was given.
Even earlier, Kasparov and Armand talked about Parvus’s meeting with “Kuzmich” in 1906. Parvus took Kuzmich and Krupskaya from the restaurant to his apartment, where they talked until late in the evening.
During “Kuzmich’s” residence in Munich, Parvus specifically lived within walking distance from him for the convenience of periodic meetings. Parvus: owner of the publishing house "Di Glone", enjoys journalism. Editor of the publication "Young Turkey", periodically published in the newspaper "Tanin", "Berliner Tagblat", is a correspondent for "Vorwärts" (publishing house of the German Social Democratic Party), highly erudite. Distinguished by his extraordinary intelligence and foresight. He predicted in the article “War and Revolution” in 1904 about the defeat of Russia in the war with Japan and the inevitability of revolution. Kautsky attracted him to journalistic work. Parvus played a prominent role in the revolution of 1905, together with L. Bronstein (Trotsky). Both were arrested in St. Petersburg and exiled to Siberia. Both ran. First to St. Petersburg, then abroad. Parvus published the book “In the Russian Bastille during the Revolution,” where he describes his imprisonment in the Peter and Paul Fortress after the 1905 revolution. The revolutionary activity of Parvus was replaced by enterprise and entrepreneurship in terms of trade and mediation. Being Gorky's financial agent, he had a conflict with him because he deceived him (Gorky) and embezzled money in the amount of 100 thousand German marks, spending it on a trip to Italy with a woman. This money was due to Gorky from the production of the play “At the Depths.” Gorky appealed to the Central Committee of the German Socialist. dem. parties. Zetkin, Bebel and Kautsky condemned Parvus, after which he left for Constantinople. He was an adviser to the Young Turk government and was involved in mediation between Germany and Turkey in the field of trade. During this period of time he became incredibly rich. As a rule, the connection between the Bolsheviks and Russian emigrants was maintained on behalf of Parvus by Ganetsky. It is believed that they recruited Chudnovsky, Zurabov, Uritsky, Bukharin, Zinoviev and many others.
It is known that in the Siberian Bank in St. Petersburg, Parvus and Ganetsky entered into the accounts of Ganetsky’s relatives Evgenia Mavrikievna Sumenson and famous Mikhail Yuryevich Kozlovsky (member of the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet) very large sums were transferred through Niabank in Stockholm, where the money was. came from Berlin through the mediation of Ganetsky.
It is known that in 1916 a special department “Stockholm” was created in Berlin under the chairmanship of Trautmann. Bukharin, Radek, and Zinoviev “closed in” on him through Parvus and the mediation of Ganetsky. At that time, Parvus and Ganetsky carried out trade with Russia through Scandinavia. They did not disdain to sell even contraceptives. Such trading operations were nothing more than a cover for financial ties. Political activity Parvus and Ganetsky relied on speculation on an international scale. Parvus had large commercial transactions in Russia, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Denmark with grain and food, medicines, coal, speculation on chartering contracts in Scandinavia. This brought Parvus capital of several tens of millions, which he placed in Zurich banks; Kuzmich, it is believed, was involved in these transactions.
Such cargo as: amidobichloratum, salol, termigros, pencils, ladies' stockings were transported through Stockholm to Petrograd. After selling the products, Sumenson transferred the money to the bank. These trading operations were the main source of livelihood for the “Kuzmich” family and his circle. According to available data, about 2,500,000 gold passed through Sumenson's accounts. rubles
Ganetsky, on the instructions of Parvus, supervised the “transport” of “Kuzmich” to Russia; it is known that not only the German General Staff and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, but also Kaiser Wilhelm II himself took part in the operation. "Kuzmich" was sent to Russia in a diplomatic carriage with a personal chef and accompanied by 35 associates, among whom were: Krupskaya, Zinoviev, Lilina, Armand, Sokolnikov, Radek and others.
At the end of January 1921, Bernstein, using the patronage of the German government, published materials in the press about the involvement of Lenin and most of the government in the activities of the German General Staff. He summoned his opponents to trial, considering himself an ardent revolutionary. The following was published in the Berlin newspaper Forverst: “it is known, and only recently this was again confirmed by General Hoffmann, that the Kaiser’s government, at the request of the German General Staff, allowed Lenin and his comrades travel through Germany to Russia in sealed saloon cars, so that they could conduct their agitation in Russia. Lenin and his comrades received huge sums of money from the Kaiser’s government to conduct their destructive agitation. Through one of my friends, I asked a person about this, who, thanks to the position he held, should have been aware of whether this was true, and I received an affirmative answer. But then I could not find out how large these sums of money were and who it was. or who were the intermediaries or intermediaries (between the Kaiser's government and Lenin)... Now I have absolutely reliably found out that they were talking about a very large, almost incredible sum, undoubtedly more than fifty million gold marks, about such an enormous sum that Lenin and his comrades there could be no doubt about the sources from which this money came. One of the results of this was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. General Hoffmann, who there negotiated peace with Trotsky and other members of the Bolshevik delegation, in a double sense held the Bolsheviks in his hands and he strongly let them feel it... Only when the Bolsheviks began to receive a constant influx of funds from us through various channels and under various labels, they became able to set their main organ, Pravda, on its feet, conduct energetic propaganda, and significantly expand the initially narrow base of their party. It is entirely in our interests to use the period while they are in power, which may be short, in order to achieve first of all a truce, and then, if possible, peace. The conclusion of a separate peace would mean achieving the desired military goal, namely, a break between Russia and its allies...” It is known that Parvus, through Radek in Stockholm, asked “Kuzmich” to consider his candidacy in the government. After the subsequent refusal, Parvus made threats, which will make public irrefutable evidence of espionage activities by the leadership of the Bolshevik Party against own state. Soon Parvus was paid a sum of 2,000,000 gold German marks for his silence.
Another source of money from the German government directly to Kuzmich should be attributed to Karl Moor. He is a highly paid agent in Berlin. (Pseudonym "Bayer", also known as "Turner"). Moor carried out parallel work from Parvus on the part of the German General Staff and at the same time exercised control over the activities of Parvus’ group. In September 1917, Moor expressed a desire to transfer a large sum of money to the Central Committee, hoping to gain confidence in the top leadership of the party and government. Initially, the origin of the money raised doubts, and subsequently, after the October events, despite the dubious origin of Moor’s money, Moor’s money was accepted and he continues to regularly inform Berlin about the situation in the Central Committee and the government. In fact, we have an impudent and unashamed agent of Berlin, enjoying the patronage of “Kuzmich” and other members of the government.
CHAIRMAN OF THE STATE POLITICAL ADMINISTRATION UNDER THE NKVD OF THE RSFSR: (DZERZHINSKY)

4. Letter from Beloborodov to Stalin dated December 20, 1924.
OGPU SECRET
at the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on December 20, 1924
No. 19888/5 To Comrade STALIN
I inform you that in Berlin on December 17, 1924, Parvus died of sudden cardiac arrest.
CHAIRMAN OF THE UNITED STATE ADMINISTRATION AT THE Council of People's Commissars of the USSR: (BELOBORODOV)
On the letter, opposite the message about the death of Parvus, there is Stalin’s resolution: “Excellent! I. Art. 20/XII.”, and at the end of the document there is a note from an unknown person: “Involve Ganetsky in the case. 21.12.”

5. Letter from Menzhinsky to Stalin dated October 10, 1933
OGPU TOP SECRET
at the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on October 10, 1933
No. 12789/1 Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Comrade STALIN I.V.
I report that, according to information received from employees of the foreign department of the OGPU assigned to FURSTENBERG Y. S. (Ganetsky), seconded through the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) to Poland, it was established that in the period September 21-25, 1933, he was in Warsaw three times non-official contacts with officers of the 2nd Intelligence Division of the Polish General Staff.
Prev. OGPU under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR: (MENZHINSKY)
On the letter is Stalin’s resolution: “T. Shaposhnikov, Comrade Molotov needs to be taken under control! 10.10.33. I. Stalin.”
At the end of the document there are two notes from unknown persons: “Comrade Menzhinsky was reported (signed) 10.10” and “Instruct the OGPU on behalf of Comrade Stalin to stop activities regarding Ganetsky until further notice, let them temporarily leave him alone. 10.12.33 (signed )".

6. Letter from Yezhov to Stalin dated July 19, 1937 (on two sheets).
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics July 19, 1937
People's Commissariat SECRET
Internal Affairs Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
No. 908/E comrade. STALIN I.V.
I report that on July 18, 1937, employees of the GUGB NKVD of the USSR arrested: director State Museum Revolutions GANETSKY Yakov Stanislavovich (aka Furstenberg), his wife Giza Adolfovna (housewife) and son Stanislav (student of the military academy). During a search of Ganetsky's apartment, books and pamphlets by Trotsy, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Radek, Bukharin, Shlyapnikov, a total of 78 works, were discovered and confiscated.
During interrogation, Ganetsky admitted that he was a German and Polish spy. M. T. Valetsky, questioned as a witness, testified that Ganetsky was a highly paid German spy and Parvus’s closest assistant. During the confrontation, Ganetsky's former subordinate Petermeyer testified that during a trip to Berlin on Ganetsky's instructions, he received large sums of money for him in German marks from Mr. Senior.
During the investigation, Ganetsky, wanting to soften his fate, continually continues to refer to the fact that he was carrying out instructions from the top leadership of the party.

On the letter, opposite Ganetsky’s name, there is Stalin’s resolution: “Eliminate! I. Art. 19/VII” and Molotov’s signature(?). At the end of the first sheet of registration of unknowns

7. Letter from Yezhov to Stalin dated November 27, 1937
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs
November 27, 1937 No. 1227/E SECRET
November 26, 1937 by the Military Collegium Supreme Court The USSR, chaired by NIKITCHENKO, Ganetsky (aka Fürstenberg) and members of his family: wife G. A. Ganetskaya and son S. Ya. Ganetsky were found guilty of high treason. Ya. S. Ganetsky pleaded not guilty. The maximum punishment is execution - execution. On the same day, the sentence was carried out against all three.
PEOPLE'S COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE USSR (N. EZHOV)

On the letter is Stalin’s resolution: “Excellent! I. Art. 27/XI” and a note from an unknown person: “Involve Ganetsky in the case, close the case. 11/28/37.

These false documents were published by the newspaper Pamyat. This is not the first time the newspaper has published fakes. So in 1999, the newspaper "Pamyat" No. 1(26) in the article "Secret Conspiracy of the NKVD and the Gestapo" published a false document "General Agreement between the NKVD and the Gestapo" http://www.russian-globe.com/N28/NKVD_GESTAPOPhotoPamyat. htm.
The documents cited in the article ""GANETSKY'S CASE". WHO FINANCED LENIN? Authentic documents of the Central Committee are published for the first time" are a clear forgery. This is immediately visible, since there are not a single archival details, i.e. neither the name of the archive, nor the fund, nor the case number. They only wrote to us “archival documents from the special fund of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks”, and what kind of special fund it is, where it is located, the publishers of the fakes do not write. But where is Ganetsky’s file really kept? The answer to this question will be given to us by D. A. Volkogonov’s book “Lenin” book 1 http://rutracker.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=3814740. Dmitry Volkogonov in chapter. 3 "October Scar", section - Parvus, Ganetsky and the "German Key" on page 215; 221; 230; 231; 232 provides excerpts from the Ganesky case, the links refer us to - NKVD Archives, R-1073, vol. 1, l.5, 11, 47, 57, 87. Note that in the documents cited in the article, numbers 6 and 7, the texts are compiled just from the data contained in the book by D. Volkogonov on pp. 230-232.
Let's look at the document format -
Letter from Dzerzhinsky to Stalin dated May 13, 1920 R.S.F.S.R May 13, 1920
All-Russian STRICTLY SECRET
Extraordinary Commission to the Secretary of the Central Committee of the RCP (b)
Chairman Comrade STALIN I.V.
In 1920, the position was called not Secretary of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), but Executive Secretary of the Central Committee of the RCP (b). This position was held in 1920 not by Stalin, but by Nikolai Nikolaevich Krestinsky http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%9A_%D0%9A%D0%9F%D0%A1%D0%A1# .D0.A1.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B0.D1.82_.D0.A6.D0 .9A. And what position Stalin held in 1920 can be found here http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_s/stalin_iv.php.
The contents of Dzerzhinsky’s letter to Stalin dated December 25, 1922 (on seven pages) is generally a dump of information from all kinds of sources. By the way, this fake letter is popularized by Vladimir Fedko http://www.russian-globe.com/N79/Fedko.About.htm. So he does in his book “HITLER: Information for Thought. (Dates. Events. Opinions. 1889-2000).” (2000) cites this fake http://new-history.narod.ru/Blank_Page_57.htm. Also in the book “SECRET FORCES: International espionage and the fight against it during the world war and now” Kyiv, 2005, 676 pp. Vladimir Fedko wrote a note “Walter Nikolai and his contribution to the development of German and world intelligence”, in which writes: “Among this company, who became “in charge” of German intelligence, there was a certain Ulyanov (Lenin) - a very ardent and passionate propagandist. So, in 1910, German intelligence paid this extraordinary revolutionary 125 marks a month, receiving from him information about the secret police working in the West (52) http://militera.lib.ru/h/nicolai_w/pre.html
(52) In his memoirs, Nikolai wrote: “... and about Lenin I only knew that he lived in Switzerland as a political emigrant “Ulyanov”, who delivered valuable information to my service about the situation in tsarist Russia, against which he fought.” But Dzerzhinsky is more frank. http://militera.lib.ru/h/nicolai_w/app.html. By the phrase “But Dzerzhinsky is more frank,” Fedko means Dzerzhinsky’s letter to Stalin dated December 25, 1922. I would also like to note that Fedko took the fiction about 125 marks from the book by E. Boyadzhi. The History of Espionage. In 2 vols. T. 1 / Per. from Italian L. Korina. - M.: OLMA-PRESS, 2003 p. 73 http://books.google.com/books?id=WpF80RbTCjQC&pg=PA544&dq=%D0%AD.+%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0 %B4%D0%B6%D0%B8+%22%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%88%D0%BF%D0 %B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0&hl=ru&ei=2I7YTtCWLcyYhQfo_Y3kDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%D0%AD.%20%D0 %91%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%20%22%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8 %D1%8F%20%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0&f=false . Vladimir Fedko, in his note “Walter Nikolai and his contribution to the development of German and world intelligence,” also cites a false order numbered 7433, which he again copied from E. Boyadzhi’s book, pp. 73-74. I must note that you will not read such nonsense as written in Boyadzhi E.’s book on pp. 72-74 anywhere else. And Vladimir Fedko popularizes all this fantasy in his note “Walter Nikolai and his contribution to the development of German and world intelligence.” And one could ignore this note, but since it was not published separately, but in the book “SECRET FORCES: International espionage and the fight against it during the World War and at the present time" Kyiv, 2005, 676 pages, which makes it noticeable, and therefore all the lies written in it go to the masses, i.e. popularized
Dear readers, I would not make this post about obvious false documents from the article “GANETSKY’S CASE”. WHO FINANCED LENIN? Genuine documents of the Central Committee are being published for the first time,” but after I saw material about Ganetsky on Wikipedia http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86% D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B1 in which in the Links section a link is given to Fateh Vergasov “The Ganetsky Case”: who financed Lenin? .e. on a fake from the Pamyat newspaper, I decided to publish this post, since in connection with the submission of a link to this fake by Wikipedia, the level of its popularization has become quite noticeable.

P.S. Dear readers, if you have the original article from the Pamyat newspaper, please let me know. I could not find information in which issue exactly the false documents were published, one thing is known that they were published no later than 2000.
Yaroslav Kozlov

Original taken from

Today, many researchers, speaking about the role of Russia in world history, note: this country, no matter how offensive it may sound, throughout almost its entire history has played into the hands of everyone, but not itself. It has traditionally been assigned three roles - a source of resources, cannon fodder in major wars and an external regulator of processes. If at the end of the 19th century the Russian Empire was in no way inferior to America and it seemed that the future belonged to these two megapowers, then a century later the situation for Russia has changed far from for the better.

The country gradually became impoverished, lost large chunks of territory, fought with potential allies and became an ally of those who tried to bleed it dry. Meanwhile, the West became fantastically rich. Its politicians, industrialists and financiers knew how to make money not only from their entrepreneurial spirit, but also from the sweat, blood and thoughts of the Russian people. The flows of wealth (and brains!) exported from Russia helped the West reach the zenith of industrial development and move to the creation of an information, post-industrial economy. And it began, in fact, with one enormous investment project called “Revolution-1917”...

Actually, now it is no secret to anyone that all Russian revolutions were financed from abroad.

There were always those who needed to create a bloody mess in an empire that was growing too quickly and throw it back a dozen or two years. But with the revolution of 1917 things turned out even more interesting. The fact is that this popular explosion was necessary for almost everyone. The Germans, battered by the war, wanted to save their strength on the Eastern Front and get at least a little respite.

The Americans quite rightly considered Russia their main competitor and were afraid that it would soon turn into a strong Eurasian power.

And in this case, the question of the transition of all of Europe under the protectorate of the Russian Empire became just a matter of time (and a very short one at that!). If this really happened, what fate would await America itself? It would remain just a provincial state on the outskirts of the world.

Today it is difficult to find a person who would not know that the revolution that broke out in October in Russia was carried out by the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, with money provided to them by Germany. The Germans even kindly provided the leader and his comrades with the opportunity to enter Russia without any hassle, worry or extra costs. For this purpose, the top revolutionaries were provided with a comfortable carriage, which was sealed on German territory and was not subject to inspection along the route. One can only imagine with what relief the German authorities escorted this “time bomb” out of their territory... But here’s the question: were it only the Germans who “sponsored” the October Revolution?

Well, the Germans could not help but demand a certain bribe from other interested parties, at least partially compensating for their moral and material costs! And modern historians confirm this. In fact, German money was by no means the largest investment in the revolution, which was destined to destroy Russia from within. M. Nazarov, for example, points out that in 1916–1917 the economic situation in Germany left much to be desired. The country was under an economic blockade, it was in dire need of industrial raw materials and products (famine reigned in the country), all resources went to the production of weapons and ammunition, the mark was no longer a convertible currency... So tell me, where did the country get money for the revolution in Russia?! No, the Germans were ready to pay for the elimination of a dangerous neighbor, but only in a share with other, more economically powerful powers. And real investments of large sums in this political scam could only be made by the world financial international - a global financial society that had the necessary amount of francs, pounds sterling and dollars.

So, a number of states sought to one way or another remove Russia from resolving important world political and economic issues. The easiest way to do this was to focus it on internal (very bloody) problems, that is, pushing the empire into a whirlpool of internal war. And this terrible scenario was, in general terms, directed by one person...

Parvus-Gelfand- a very extraordinary personality, adventurous, cynically cruel and rational to the point of disgrace. He was born in Belarus, into a family of Jewish artisans. Having moved to Odessa, he became involved in revolutionary activities, because he was sure that this path would lead him to the power and wealth that Gelfand had dreamed of since childhood. And he was not mistaken in choosing the path. It was his fighters who got into the crowd of demonstrators on January 9, 1905, and provoked the infamous bloodbath on the square in front of the Winter Palace. It was he who said that Russia should lose in the Russo-Japanese War. It was this man who became one of the leaders of the St. Petersburg Council (1905) and forced Lenin and Trotsky to act at his discretion.

However, party comrades noticed that Parvus had very unpleasant traits. In particular, uncleanliness and theft. Naturally, they could not help but spoil his relations with his comrades. So in 1907, Parvus's career among the Social Democrats went downhill. But the cunning adventurer, of course, managed to find a way out of this crisis situation. He quickly moved to Turkey, where the Young Turks had just come to power, who did not consider the Jews to be outcasts and where the Jewish community had weight. So Parvus quickly took the post of economic adviser to the government, developed vigorous activity in the field of trade and finance, and carried out a number of more than successful transactions with Russian grain and coal. It is interesting that the government of the Young Turks maintained close ties with Britain, which, in turn, always pursued an anti-Russian policy and gladly supported those who, through their actions, caused damage to the rival empire.

In general, when in 1914 Russia clashed with Germany and the First World War began, Parvus knew perfectly well what to do next. He quickly arranged a meeting with the German ambassador in Constantinople and proposed an original plan of action: to finance a revolution in Russia, which would lead to a significant weakening and impoverishment of the empire, splitting it into several weak states, which, frankly speaking, would have no time for world problems.

The ambassador appreciated the “elegant solution”, and in March 1915, Parvus, at the invitation of the German government, ended up in Berlin. There he outlined in detail the details of his plan, advising to provide assistance to the Social Democrats, separatists in Ukraine and Transcaucasia, as well as financial assistance to Finnish and Baltic nationalists. In addition, it was necessary to contribute to the rise of the strike movement in Russia and launch a wide campaign in newspapers. The Germans were inspired by the idea and made the cunning adventurer a confidant of their General Staff. Already in the same year, Parvus contacted Lenin and managed to establish contact with him. The future leader of the world proletariat was not a fool and therefore figured out the “benefactor” immediately (it was not for nothing that he subsequently broke off relations with Parvus, called him an extremely unscrupulous person and did not give him any post in his government), but, nevertheless, with the money offered to him, I used it without hesitation.

So, according to Parvus’s plan, in April 1917, the Germans “packed” Lenin and his inner circle into a special carriage and, as part of a special train, safely delivered them from Switzerland to Russia, where the people were just dealing with the consequences of the bourgeois-democratic revolution. Taking advantage of the substantial funds he had and the situation of complete bedlam that reigned in the country, Lenin carried out the famous October Revolution, after which, as promised, he brought Russia out of the war with Germany. And besides, he hastened to get rid of the need to communicate with Parvus in the future. The latter, by the way, was not allowed into Russia until the end of his life.

So how much did the October Revolution really cost? It is believed that the Germans paid no less than 50 million marks for the elimination of a dangerous enemy (a more than significant amount at that time). The financing scheme was clearly worked out: the trading company, which belonged to Parvus personally and was based in Copenhagen, received money into its account from the German government. Parvus used these funds to buy goods that were in short supply in Russia and transport them to the empire.

There, the “parcels” were received by the Bolshevik Simenson, whose competence was the sale of the goods received and the transfer of the money received for them to Lenin (the transfer of amounts was carried out through the Swedish “Nia Banken”, which belonged to Olaf Aschberg). The funds of the “sponsors” were quite enough not only for very expensive propaganda work and the publication of the newspaper “Pravda”, but also for the maintenance of the most ardent communist activists (as everyone knows, such people did not have time to work and provide for themselves - they actively played in transforming the world). Among other things, in parallel with Parvus, the Bolsheviks were also supplied with money by a certain Mr. Moor, a German agent.

In general, the scheme for financing the revolution, simple and effective, is quite clear. All that remains is to find out which of Russia’s opponents are and how much money they invested in the revolution. It turns out that the German General Staff allocated no more than 10 million marks for this. And another 40 million in gold (about 10 million dollars at the then exchange rate) was transferred to Parvus’s company... by the Warburg banking house from New York. So it’s time to talk about the “American contribution” to the October Revolution.

It turns out that in parallel with Lenin, another “special contraband” was sent to Russia - the well-known Lev Davidovich Trotsky, who was to become the second leader of October. But he did not travel by train, but by steamship coming from New York. In principle, Trotsky was quite comfortable in America. When he was expelled from France and showed up in the “country of equal opportunities,” he found a way to earn money quite legally and get comfortable.

In America, he had his own car with a personal driver and a house in which there were even such expensive miracles of technology as a vacuum cleaner and a refrigerator (yes, yes, and don’t laugh; these days everyone has such devices, but then the possession of such novelties could only be equated to owning a personal space station...) But one day this quiet life ended.

The then US President, Woodrow Wilson, gave Trotsky a passport to return to Russia and, in addition, $10,000 (more than $200,000 in today's money) for “pocket expenses.” On March 26, Trotsky, taking with him a large group of agitators and revolutionaries, sailed for his homeland. True, he was arrested in Halifax (Canada) as a German agent, but... The US State Department contacted the British embassy in Washington, and the “revolutionary” was hastily released.

By the way, the United States also relied on Trotsky for a reason. The brave revolutionary’s relatives, who lived in the USA and Western European countries, were millionaires, members of the world’s largest banks, and were intensively establishing trade relations between the Bolsheviks and the West, that is, no one invested money in a random person...

When the revolution “sponsored” by the West was crowned with success, the plunder of Russian wealth reached incredible proportions.
The First World War, both coups of 1917, and the Civil War of 1918–1922 made it possible to pump resources out of Russia almost uncontrollably. The empire was falling apart. All this was generously seasoned with the absence of normal power, terrible inflation, corruption, theft, robbery, murder, and rampant criminality. Naturally, all the wealthy people who did not figure out to get away from this nightmare in time (or were too ideological, believing in a ghostly bright tomorrow) began to transfer all their abroad. The outflow of funds has reached threatening proportions. But can one blame entrepreneurs and bankers for this, who simply did not know what to expect from the next day? In addition, the Bolsheviks, obsessed with the idea of ​​world revolution, did not intend to limit themselves to power in Russia.

And therefore they enthusiastically gutted Russia, transferring the confiscated money and valuables to Switzerland and American banks - thus creating the basis for the future reorganization of the world. Until mid-1918, Russia was simply fleeced. Robberies and confiscations of property of wealthy citizens did not stop in the country. Those who wanted to go abroad were released only if a ransom was paid - 400,000 gold rubles per person... By the way, money from the sale of Russian goods abroad also did not return to the country, settling in the personal accounts of the Bolsheviks in foreign banks.

S. Norka, for example, in “Accursed Rus'” gives the following figures: from the moment of the October Revolution until the beginning Civil War Only goods worth more than two billion gold rubles were exported from Russia to the West. Today this amount is equal to 23 billion dollars...

Western financiers, however, were in no hurry to put all their money on one horse. Therefore, they were willingly allocated to both the Bolsheviks and the White Guards. Thus, the “sponsors” did not lose anything. Whoever came to power in the country as a result of the Civil War, he would still have to miraculously restore the torn economy and destroyed production. And something would have to be done about the decline in agriculture. That is, we would have to buy cars, equipment, Newest technologies, asking for investments, getting loans... The payment for all these benefits was gold, antiques, artistic and cultural treasures looted (“expropriated”) throughout the country, grain and valuable raw materials given away literally for pennies. In addition, Western companies could rest assured: concessions from the best railways and mineral deposits would not go away from them...

By the way, the White Guards also managed to distinguish themselves in the last battle for power: they issued loans against gold reserves, pledged shares of the largest enterprises, sold Ural factories and mines, Baku oil, industrial and strategic raw materials of Siberia and even... tram concessions in Petrograd to Western companies! Thus, no matter who ultimately won, the main prize still went to the West - Russia actually became a real colony of Western capital.

In general, to the cost of the October Revolution in Russia should be added everything that the warring parties managed to unleash and destroy. And this is, at a minimum, the wealth accumulated in the empire over more than two centuries. On the eve of the October Revolution, the country's gold reserves alone were considered the largest in Europe. It was no less than 1337 tons! But by 1922, the country's gold storage facilities were empty. Professor Sirotkin, head of the International expert council on material and cultural assets abroad, based on a number of documents, claims that assets worth more than $300 billion (at the current exchange rate) have “floated” abroad. Russian gold “spread” throughout the world, and this was facilitated, thanks to headlessness, by both sides - both white and red. Valuables were transported through Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Baltic states to Holland and Germany, from where they were exported to the United States. And part of the money ended up in Japan, Germany, the Czech Republic, England, etc.

By the way, have you ever thought that the cost of the October Revolution should also be added to the cost of foreign real estate, which at one time belonged to Russian organizations and subjects, and then remained ownerless and was given to new owners for next to nothing? But we are talking about real estate in Nice (the Russians bought up almost the entire valley there and built a direct road from St. Petersburg), on the Cote d'Azur, in Switzerland, in the territory of modern Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, etc.
Returning to Western investors, it should be said that experts were still able to track down one specific address, where the main flows of financing for the revolutions of 1917 came from and where the profits from these coups flowed. Attention, this is the address: New York, Broadway, 120. The skyscraper of the Equitable Office Building company was located at this address. It was created by the president of the DuPont de Nemours Powder company, DuPont. Since 1915, the insurance company Equitable Life Assurance (it was controlled by the famous financial tycoon J.P. Morgan) settled in the same building. In addition, the Weinberg and Posner firm “registered” in the skyscraper on Broadway, a member of which was the head of the Soviet Bureau in the USA L. Martens, the Bankers Club, the headquarters of the New York District of the Federal Reserve System of America (where, in fact, they were concentrated all finances of the country), Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Guggenheim Explorations, General Electric, American International Corporation.

By the way, the Federal Reserve Bank was controlled by the same Morgan; he, in company with Rockefeller, also led the American International Corporation. One of the founders of the latter was National City Bank, with which the major financier and part-time Trotsky’s uncle Abram Zhivotovsky did business. Morgan's Taranty Trust also did not stand aside. By the way, it was his representative, the Swedish banker Olaf Aschberg, who in 1917 was involved in supplying Lenin and his team. And in 1920–1922, the Taranti Trust sponsored the Soviet Bureau in New York. In 1917, the main “engine” of the revolutions of 1905–1907 became a shareholder of the American International Corporation and Russo-Japanese War Kuhn, Leeb and Co. was a company led by Jacob Schiff. This man willingly gave money to Russian terrorist fighters, as well as to old revolutionaries obsessed with the idea of ​​​​a new coup. By the way, the co-owners of the company were Schiff’s relatives, the Warburg brothers. Paul Warburg was a very influential figure in American financial circles, and Felix was the leader of the Jewish community in Germany and one of the most serious German financiers. It was the Warburg brothers during
During the First World War, loans were issued to Germany and... the Entente.

As they say, just in case. At the same time, the American International Corporation, associated with American state-owned companies and the country's defense industry, also made good profits. It was the American branch of the Warburgs that in 1917 transferred “money for the revolution” to the Parvus trading company in Copenhagen.
The American International Corporation strove to take control of the Russian market and convinced the US Department of Foreign Affairs of the need to trade with the Bolsheviks. Why? Yes, because at the beginning of the 20th century the world was covered by an epidemic of socialism. And American financiers are practical and cynical people. Therefore, they analyzed all possible turns of history and prepared for them. As they say, if you can’t stop the locomotive, start driving it... Financiers even considered such a turn of events when socialists would be at the helm of all countries. But even in this case, actual power would remain in the hands of the international financial organization!
Since then, world capital has become preoccupied with the idea of ​​managing history. World wars, revolutions, armed conflicts, crises - all these are just ways to make a profit, which, moreover, do not require large investments.

Oh, by the way, do you know who was the founder of communist teaching? Experts say that this is not Marx at all. Both he himself and all the main characters of the First International (including Heine and Herzen) were subordinate to... the multimillionaire Nathan Rothschild! Both the financial and revolutionary Internationals are his creations. The Rothschild clan was the cornerstone of Western capitalism and at the same time incited the masses of people to protest and strike, investing money in an organization capable of bringing the situation to revolution. Gradually these people became masters of peace and war. No wonder the mother of the five Rothschild brothers once said: “If my sons want it, there will be no war”...
The West, having invested relatively small sums to finance the October Revolution, received at least half a trillion of today's dollars from Russia. In addition, he slowed down the economic, social and cultural development of the Russian Empire, throwing it back at least 30 years. Thanks to its “investors,” Russia was not among the victors in the First World War and was forced to rebuild its industry anew.

Vladimir Syadro Irina Anatolyevna Rudycheva Valentina Markovna Sklyarenko

50 famous mysteries of the history of the 20th century

Was the October Revolution really Russian? It would seem an absurd question. But there is a fictional story and a real HISTORY, there are lies in textbooks, and there is data. And you need to start studying these true facts in high school. high school. Unfortunately, many topics in our country, as well as in some other “democratic” countries, are subject to an unspoken (and sometimes open) ban. I will not consider everything connected with the 1917 revolution in Russia, and repeat well-known fictions included in textbooks. It is impossible to cover everything in one article. Therefore, I will mention only those historical facts that textbooks bashfully suppress even now, when at least some kind of, at least conditional, “freedom of speech” has appeared.

I will allow myself to focus the reader’s attention on the nationality of the majority of revolutionaries and the sources of their financing, since the main goal of the article is to show that the revolution of 1917 was by no means Russian.

The whole world diligently blames the Russians for the horrors of communist terror, when in fact Russia and the Russian people themselves became victims of a monstrous conspiracy and unparalleled genocide. The two most famous figures and organizers of the 1917 revolution can undoubtedly be called IN AND. Lenin And L.D. Trotsky(real name is Leiba Bronstein). Both of them led their own groups of “fighters for the freedom of the people,” later merging into one party of the Red Terror.

In the first part of the article we will talk about a group of “Russian” revolutionaries from the group of the Jew V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin, Blank on his mother’s side), in the second part we will try to talk about the group of Leiba Bronstein (Trotsky).

Almost all of us have heard, at least faintly, the following slogan: “Lenin is a German spy!” It is also known that “whoever dines a girl dances her.” Let's see who "danced" Lenin? Was he really a “German spy”?

“...Only after the Bolsheviks received a constant flow of funds from us through various channels and under different labels were they able to create their main organ, Pravda, conduct energetic propaganda and significantly expand the initially narrow base of their party ...”

Initially, the idea of ​​​​playing the “Lenin against Russia” card came to the mind of a German Jew, Reich Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg. He planned to illegally smuggle Lenin and his revolutionary international company into Russian territory in a sealed carriage. Having shared the idea of ​​sponsoring a revolution in Russia with Bethmann-Hollweg, the German General Staff had no idea that this non-Russian revolution later it will spread to their own country.

So, the German politician who at the highest level approved Lenin's passage to Russia was the then Chancellor of Germany Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, a scion of the Frankfurt Jewish banking family Bethmann, who achieved great prosperity in the 19th century. In Germany at that time, Jews, as elsewhere in the world, occupied many leading positions in politics and especially in finance. Advisors to the Bethmann-Hollweg government were: the Jews Ballin, Theodor Wolf, an employee of the Berliner Tageblatt and a member of the All-Jewish press, von Gwinner, director of the Deutsche Bank, a relative of the Jewish big banker Speyer, and Rathenau, the leader of Jewish industrial and financial entrepreneurs. These people stood close to the source of power and influenced the government in the same way that other Jews who owned businesses and the press influenced the entire German people.

It should be noted that Bethmann-Hollweg was distantly related to Jacob Schiff, perhaps the main and richest Jewish banker of that time in America. (It is important to note this fact because the second part of the article will talk about how Jacob Schiff financed Japan in the war against Russia, and financed Trotsky's group, directing him to make a revolution in Russia).

Thus, we will be able to see that it was the Jews who were behind the financing of the entire “Russian” revolution.

By 1917, Bethmann-Hollweg had lost the support of the Reichstag and retired, but before that he had already approved the transit of Bolshevik revolutionaries to Russia. Much later, after the revolution, Major General Hofmann of the German General Staff wrote: “...We did not know and did not foresee the danger to humanity from the consequences of this departure of the Bolsheviks to Russia...”

The result of this cooperation with the Bolsheviks was the following: Lenin received 50 million marks in gold from the German Jews to the “Russian” revolution and secretly traveled from Switzerland to Sweden, through Germany, which was then at war with Russia, in a sealed carriage along with 31 comrades, almost all of whom were Jews. Here's how it happened:

At 15:10 on April 9, 1917, 32 Russian emigrants left Zurich for the German border station Gottmadingen. There they moved into a sealed carriage, accompanied by two officers of the German General Staff, whose compartment was located at the only unsealed door (out of the four doors of the carriage, three had seals).

This carriage traveled as non-stop as possible through Germany to the Sassnitz station, where the emigrants boarded the Queen Victoria and crossed over to Sweden. I met them in Malmo Ganetsky, accompanied by Lenin on April 13, arrived in Stockholm.

On the way, Lenin tried to refrain from any contacts that would compromise him as a German spy; in Stockholm, he categorically refused to meet with Parvus (the German mediator), demanding that three persons, including Karla Radek. However, Radek himself spent almost the entire day with Parvus (April 13), negotiating with him with Lenin's sanction. “It was a decisive and top secret meeting,” write German historians Zeman and Scharlau; There are assumptions that it was at this meeting that the next round of financing for the Bolsheviks was discussed.

Germany, which was at war with Russia and the Entente countries, was extremely interested in destabilizing the political situation in Russia. And here Lenin and his international conspirators came in very handy for them.

List of passengers on this Jewish Express

1. Ulyanov, Vladimir Ilyich (Lenin-Blank).
2. Suliashvili, David Sokratovich.
3. Ulyanova, Nadezhda Konstantinovna.
4. Armand, Inessa Fedorovna.
5. Safarov, Georgy Ivanovich.
6. Mortochkina, Valentina Sergeevna.
7. Kharitonov, Moisey Motkovich.
8. Konstantinovich, Anna Evgenievna
9. Usievich, Grigory Alexandrovich.
10. Kon, Elena Feliksovna.
11. Ravich, Sarra Naumovna.
12. Tskhakaya, Mikhail Grigorievich.
13. Skovno, Abram Anchilovich.
14. Radomyslsky, Ovsey Gershen
15. Aronvich (Zinoviev), Grigory Evseevich.
16. Radomyslskaya Zlata Ionovna.
17. Radomyslsky, Stefan Ovseevich.
18. Rivkin, Zalman Berk Oserovich.
19. Slyusareva, Nadezhda Mikhailovna.
20. Goberman, Mikhail Vulfovich.
21. Abramovich, Maya Zelikovna.
22. Linde, Johann Arnold Ioganovich.
23. Sokolnikov (Diamond), Girsh Yankelevich
24. Miringof, Ilya Davidovich.
25. Miringof, Maria Efimovna.
26. Rozneblyum, David Mordukhovich.
27. Payneson, Semyon Gershovich.
28. Grebelskaya, Fanya.
29. Pogovskaya, Bunya Khemovna (with her son Reuben)
30. Eisenbund, Meer Kivov.

In general, German millions began flowing through revolutionary channels in the spring of 1915. In terms of modern money, these are huge sums. Enough evidence has survived. Including in German archives. Recently, Berlin historians and publicists Gerhard Schiesser And Jochen Trauptmann made a new attempt to explore this topic. In the archives of the German Foreign Ministry, they discovered weighty folders that were entitled as follows: “German Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Secret acts. War of 1914. Provocations in Russia, Finland and the Baltic provinces.”

There we are talking about transferring for these purposes a total of over 50 million marks in gold.

Less than two weeks after the Bolsheviks came to power, the German ambassador to Russia reported with concern to Berlin that Lenin's government was struggling with severe financial difficulties. He advised urgent financial assistance to the Bolsheviks. In this regard, the Ambassador of the German Kaiser in Switzerland, von Bergen made a request to the State Secretary of the Treasury in Berlin:

“To provide the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the purpose of conducting political propaganda in Russia 15 million marks…»

The very next day, confirmation of the allocation of this money was received, which was paid to the new Bolshevik government. But this amount was not enough. The first German ambassador to the Soviet Union, Count Mirbach forced to spend much more money in order to prevent the resumption of the alliance of now Soviet Russia with the Entente. “It costs money,” he complains openly. “And a lot of money...” Meanwhile, the fund that Mirbach had at his disposal began to melt away. Therefore, he proposed creating a new fund of 40 million marks. On June 15, 1918, the German Foreign Office received a response from the Treasury:

“Dear Mr. Kuhlman, responding to your letter dated the fifth of this month under the numbers AC2562, which refers to Russia, I express my readiness, without requiring any additional explanations, provide 40 million marks. Count Reden..."

In August 1918 - almost a year after the October coup - Lenin sent a dispatch to his ambassador in Switzerland with the following content:

“Berliners must continue to send us money. If these scoundrels drag their feet, then complain to me..."