The average population density of tser is approximately. Central economic region
Compared to other regions of Russia, I believe that the Center is relatively poor in natural, especially fossil, resources. The available resources of fuel, iron ores, some non-metallic minerals, as a rule, both in quantity and in qualitatively occupy a very modest place. This position of the Center is especially distinguished precisely in connection with the industrial development of this area, which emphasizes the discrepancy between its limited natural resources and strong economic potential.
The fuel resources of the Center are represented by reserves of coal and peat near Moscow; it is a low quality and relatively expensive fuel. Coal was found in a wide belt called the Moscow Basin. The explored reserves of this basin are about 4 billion tons. The Tula and Kaluga regions differ in the largest resources. This coal is characterized by high ash content, humidity and granularity. Due to the wide distribution of swamps, peat is found almost everywhere in the northern half of the Center. The largest peat deposits are located within the Meshcherskaya and Upper Volga lowlands. The low calorific value and high moisture content of peat make it preferable to use it near mining sites.
Great importance, in my opinion, the non-metallic minerals of the Center have - limestone, refractory and brick clay, construction, glass sand, gravel. The region is in great need for these minerals, and their deposits are used especially intensively near Moscow.
In terms of reserves and production of gypsum for the production of binders, CER has no equal. Most of reserves and all production are concentrated in the Tula region.
Of the ore minerals on the territory of the region, there are small reserves of iron ore (Tula, Oryol and partially Moscow regions).
The development of iron ores is carried out in the Tula region. The ores are represented by brown iron ore with an iron content of 39 - 46%. They lie close to the surface and are mined in an open way. The ore is supplied to the metallurgical plants of the Tula region (Novotulsky and Kosogorsky). CER has reserves of chemical raw materials, mainly phosphorites - in the Moscow region, the Egoryevskoye deposit, in the Bryansk region - Polpinskoye.
They are used for the production of phosphate rock and complex mineral fertilizers.
A variety of building materials (limestone, marls, cement raw materials) are widely distributed in the Bryansk, Moscow and Tula regions. Quartz sands of the Dyatkovskoye deposit (Bryansk region) and deposits in the Gus-Khrustalny region (Vladimir region) are used for the production of glass and crystal. Kaolin clay deposits near Konakovo (Tver region) and with. Gzhel (Moscow region) are used in the porcelain-faience industry. Geologically, the area has not been studied enough. The surveys carried out indicate the presence of oil reserves in the area (Yaroslavl region) and kimberlite pipes (Tula and Oryol regions).
The area has recreational resources, which is especially valuable due to the large population of the area. Diverse natural landscapes, reserves and parks, numerous monuments of history, culture and architecture serve as the basis for the development of tourism, including foreign tourism.
The natural resources of the Central Economic Region are relatively small. Almost all lands are involved in economic turnover and are mainly used extensively and often without taking into account environmental requirements. In fact, there are no large reserve areas for accommodating new large industrial facilities. The exception is the marginal northern territories (Kostroma region).
Mineral resources
Compared to other regions of Russia, the Center is relatively poor in natural, especially fossil, resources. The available resources of fuel, iron ores, and some non-metallic minerals, as a rule, occupy a very modest place both in quantitative and qualitative terms. This position of the Center is especially distinguished precisely in connection with the industrial development of this region, which emphasizes the discrepancy between its limited natural resources and powerful economic potential.
Fuel resources
The CER is not rich in fuel and energy resources. Fuel reserves are represented by the brown coal basin, which is located on the territory of five regions - Tver, Smolensk, Kaluga, Tula and Ryazan; it is a low quality and relatively expensive fuel. Coal was found in a wide belt called the Moscow Basin. The explored reserves of this basin amount to 4.4 billion tons, the depth of occurrence reaches 60 m. The thickness of the reservoir is 20-46 m, the geological and hydrological conditions are unfavorable.
Production is predominantly mine. Energy near Moscow coals of poor quality. They have a low calorie content, are high in ash, contain sulfur and are waterlogged, which means that they are not very transportable, but they are important for the electric power industry of the region.
Until recently, the cost of their use in the CER was higher than the consumption of Kuznetsk coal, not to mention natural gas. However, with the change in the economic situation and the pricing system, with a sharp increase in energy and transport tariffs, the previous estimates are changing. The Tula and Kaluga regions differ in the greatest resources. The coal of these regions is characterized by high ash content, humidity and sulfur content. The reserves of raw peat are about 35 billion cubic meters. Industrial peatlands are located in the Tver, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Yaroslavl and Moscow regions. The deposits are largely depleted. Peat is used locally by power plants, in agriculture etc. Deep chemical processing of peat could have a great effect in areas of resource concentration. The low caloric content and high moisture content of peat make it preferable to use it near mining sites. Iron ores have long been used in the Tula region, but their reserves are insignificant. Hydropower reserves are small and are concentrated in the Tver, Kostroma and Ryazan regions with a developed hydrographic network. Reservoir systems have been created on the Volga, Oka and other rivers. However, due to high water consumption and backward production technology, the Central Economic Region experiences difficulties with water supply, primarily in the central and southern parts. Of great importance are the non-metallic minerals of the Center - limestone, refractory and brick clay, construction, glass sand, gravel.
The region is in great need for these minerals, and their deposits are used especially intensively near Moscow. A significant economic role is played by the deposits of phosphorites located in the Bryansk and Moscow (Voskresensko-Egorievsk) regions, as well as salt and limestone deposits in Tula. In terms of reserves and production of gypsum for the production of binders, CER has no equal. Most of the reserves and all production are concentrated in the Tula region
Water resources
The surface water sources of the region are represented by an extensive river network belonging to the basins of the Caspian, Black and Baltic Seas. The availability of surface water resources in the territory of the region decreases from the north-north-west to the south-south-east. The largest rivers of the region are the Volga with tributaries of the Oka, Mologa, Kostroma and others, the Dnieper with the Desna, the Western Dvina, and the Don. However, as a result of the position in the region of the main watersheds, there are no particularly large drains in the Center - all significant rivers flow here in their upper reaches, gaining full strength already outside the region. Navigable rivers - Volga, Oka, Moscow. Other rivers of the region are not of great transport importance and mainly play the role of local sources of water supply. Lakes are numerous, but not large. The northern half of the region is characterized by significant waterlogging. Almost everywhere there are thousands of large and small swamps.
Soil resources
Soddy-podzolic soils are most characteristic of most of the region (to the north of the Oka). A fairly wide distribution of bog-podzolic soils is associated with a strong waterlogging of the northern part of the region. Massifs of dark-colored, more fertile gray forest soils stand out as peculiar “islands” among podzolic soils. The southern part of the Center differs sharply in soils from its main territory. Here are much more fertile gray forest soils and chernozems, which have long been intensively plowed up and have lost some of their natural fertility.
forest resources
Serious changes in the appearance of the vegetation of the Center were made by centuries-old human activity; this area for several centuries was the most densely populated and economically developed part of the country. As a result, vast areas of forests were cut down and replaced by arable land and meadows. Since the composition of forests has changed significantly as a result of logging and other types of human impact, secondary forests predominate in the Center, formed on the site of primary coniferous, coniferous-deciduous and broad-leaved forests.
A lot of forests died during the Great patriotic war, so that in the west of the Center there are now many young groves and copses. Over half of the forests are represented by coniferous species. The northern part of the region is characterized by the greatest forest cover, especially
Kostroma and Tver regions. To the south, the forests are depleted and mainly have ecological, water protection, and recreational significance. Forest reserves do not satisfy the economic needs of the region. A significant part of timber raw materials and lumber is imported from the Northern, Volga-Vyatka and other regions.
Substandard forest local raw materials and waste are poorly used. The forested area of the CER is 40% of its territory, or less than 2% of the state forest fund of Russia. Over half of the forests are represented by coniferous species. The Kostroma region belongs to the zone of industrial forests, and all other regions belong to the zone of sparsely forested areas. Almost 2/5 of the forested area of the region is mainly of water protection, protective and recreational importance.
The composition of the Central Economic Region is as follows: Oryol, Tver, Bryansk, Smolensk, Kaluga, Tula, Ryazan, Moscow, Vladimir, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo regions, as well as Moscow. Its total length is 485.1 thousand square meters. km.
Geographic location
The Central Economic Region has a relatively favorable geographical and economic position. It is located at the intersection of land roads and waterways, which for many years contributed to the convergence of Russian lands, the development various kinds economic relations and trade. The Central Economic Region borders on Ukraine and Belarus, and from Russian regions- with the Northern, North-Western, Volga, Volga-Vyatka, as well as the Central Black Earth region. Economic relations are actively developing with them. The city of Moscow, the capital of Russia, is located on the territory of the CER. It is this region that plays the leading role among all other economic regions of our country.
Climatic conditions
Soils of the region
Territorially, the natural and climatic conditions differ in this region. The best conditions are in the southern regions. In Oryol and Tula there are significant areas of forest-steppe with a predominance of leached and podzolized chernozems.
Dark gray soils, gray and gray forest soils are widespread in the central part of this region. If we talk about the north (Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo and Tver regions), then the soils here are mostly sod-podzolic, which require significant reclamation work (anti-erosion measures, liming of acidic soils or, for example, draining wetlands), as well as fertilizing in order to increase fertility. Famous rivers originate within the CER - the Dnieper, the Western Dvina, the Volga, etc.
Population
The Central Economic Region occupies a special place in our country in terms of population, diversity of appearance and types of settlements, the number of towns and cities. About 30.3 million people live here, that is, almost 21% of the country's population. The population density is 62.6 people / km 2. The central economic region is rich in densely populated cities and towns. The population density in its north is 15-20 people / km 2, and in the south and west - 50-70 people / km 2. The Kostroma region is the least densely populated, and the Moscow region is the most densely populated. 82.5% is specific gravity living in cities, if we consider the Central Economic Region. The population of villages is about 17%. This is a relatively small proportion of the total population. The main reason for the reduction in the number of villagers is their outflow to the cities. In the Tula, Vladimir, Ivanovo regions, as well as in the Moscow region, the population, not connected in any way with agriculture, makes up a significant proportion of the inhabitants.
Largest agglomerations
Central Russia includes many large clusters of settlements, as well as single towns and cities. About half of the district's population lives in the Moscow agglomeration today. Other largest agglomerations include Yaroslavl and Tula. Versatility, favorable transport conditions, territorial proximity, as well as the special role of urban industry are important reasons establishing close ties between them. Large cities are characterized by significant growth rates. This is due to the fact that industry is concentrated here, there is a developed social infrastructure. Ancient cities also predominate among industrial and administrative centers. These are, for example, Kolomna, Vyazma, Vladimir, Ryazan, Smolensk.
forest resources
It should be noted among the biological resources forest reserves, a significant part of which are conifers. The northern part of the region is characterized by the largest forest cover, especially the Tver and Kostroma regions. The forests to the south are depleted. They are mainly of recreational, water protection and ecological importance. Timber reserves do not meet the needs of local residents. A significant part of lumber and timber raw materials is imported from the Volga-Vyatka, Northern and other regions. Local substandard forest waste and raw materials are poorly used.
Fuel and energy resources
The central region of Russia is not rich in fuel and energy resources. The Moscow Region lignite basin represents fuel reserves. It is located on the territory of the Smolensk, Tver, Ryazan, Tula and Kaluga regions. Coal reserves are 4.4 billion tons, up to 60 m - the depth of occurrence. Mining is predominantly carried out. Podmoskovye coals are energetically low quality. They have a low calorie content, they are multi-ash, contain sulfur in their composition, and are also waterlogged, which means low transportability. Nevertheless, they are important for the electric power industry of the region.
But the central region of Russia is rich in peat resources. About 35 billion cubic meters are raw peat reserves. There are industrial peatlands in the Tver, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Moscow and Yaroslavl regions. A deep chemical processing of this raw material in areas of its concentration could have a great effect.
hydropower
The reserves of hydropower are small. They are mainly concentrated in the Ryazan, Kostroma and Tver regions, where there is a developed hydrographic network. Reservoir systems are located on the Oka, Volga and other rivers. But due to backward technology and high water consumption central Russia experiencing some water supply problems. AT Yaroslavl region significant oil and gas areas have recently been explored, but production is still far away. Other difficulties include the import of foodstuffs and the crisis in machine-building production. These are serious problems in the Central Economic Region that need to be resolved as quickly as possible.
Other raw materials
The economy of this region is mainly focused on imported oil, fuel oil and gas from the Volga region, Western Siberia and the North. In the CER, several deposits of iron ore are known from mineral raw materials (Oryol, Tula regions). Only Tula ores are of industrial importance. The central economic region, the characteristics of which we are interested in, has insignificant reserves of phosphorites in the Moscow and Bryansk regions. It is provided with various building materials. Marls, limestone, cement raw materials are the resources of the Central Economic Region, which are available in the Moscow, Bryansk, Oryol and Ryazan regions. Kaluga and Tula are rich in gypsum. In a number of places there are ceramic and glass clays, sands.
Central economic region: industries
In this area, a complex industrial complex was formed, mainly manufacturing industries and industries. Moscow is the main industrial center. A large share in the products of the CER, as well as the whole country, has the products of the capital. Other big cities The Central Economic Region, which are industrial centers, are Vladimir, Tver, Bryansk, Tula, Yaroslavl, Smolensk, etc.
Main Industries
It should be noted that metalworking and mechanical engineering (29% of the total industrial products of this region) in terms of the number of employees and marketable products rank first in our country. Goods are produced in a wide range, often of high quality. They are in demand in the markets of this region, as well as other regions of Russia, and are exported.
The Central Economic Region, the characteristics of which are presented in this article, focuses primarily on the production of precise and complex products that do not require large expenditures of electricity, fuel and raw materials. Therefore, the most important industries remain electronic, radio engineering, instrument-making, electrical engineering, as well as the production of control and automation equipment, etc.
The main subjects of the Central Economic Region, engaged in these types of industry: Moscow region, Moscow, Tula, Yaroslavl, Orel, Vladimir, Kaluga, Smolensk and Ryazan. The tool and machine-tool industries have been greatly developed in Moscow (production of tools, complex automatic lines and machine tools), the Moscow region (Dmitrov, Egorievsk, Kolomna), Ryazan (forging and pressing heavy equipment), Ivanovo, Sasov and in the city of Sukhinichi.
Particularly prominent in the industry of the region is the production of transport vehicles: river boats, wagons, diesel locomotives, automobiles, etc. The chemical industry accounts for 7% of the entire industrial output of the region. This industry is focused on the large production potential of the CER, qualified personnel and scientific base, on consumers within the region itself, and also partially on local raw materials (lignite, phosphorites, rock salt). The region of interest to us in the development of various types of chemical industry is a leader among others. It is here that about 10% of Russia's mineral fertilizers are produced: in Voskresensk (superphosphate, phosphorus flour), in the Tula and Bryansk regions (nitrogen fertilizers).
As for chemistry organic synthesis, Yaroslavl, Efremov (plastics, rubber), Moscow (tires), Vladimir (perfumes, varnishes) can be noted. The lack of energy, water, raw materials, as well as the difficult environmental situation, hinders the development of the chemical industry in the area.
Another important specialization of the Central Economic Region is the large petrochemical and oil refining industry (Ryazan, Yaroslavl, Moscow). It is the leader in the production of chemical fibers in Russia (Tver, Ryazan, Serpukhov).
However, not only these industries characterize the Central Economic Region. Its industry, both heavy and light, is well developed. Let's talk about the latter.
Light industry
9% of the total production of the region is light industry. This is 87% of fabrics produced in our country. Its largest and oldest industry is the textile industry. 43% of silk, 58% of wool, 78% of linen, 83% of cotton fabrics in Russia are produced here.
The cotton, silk, linen, shoe and wool industries are developed in the region - Moscow, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Tver, Noginsk, Moscow Region, etc. The printing industry is developed in Moscow and the city of Chekhov, Moscow Region, as well as in Vladimir, Yaroslavl and Tver.
Power industry
13% of the entire production of this region is the electric power industry. It is the highly developed electric power industry that plays the basic role in the region's economy. The fuel industry is also of some importance. CER is one of the largest producers of heat and electricity in Russia. Powerful thermal power plants are located in the capital region. They use fuel oil and natural gas as fuel, sometimes coal. Shaturskaya and Kashirskaya GRES operate on natural gas. In the Tula Region, the Shchekinskaya, Cherepetskaya, and Novomoskovsk State District Power Plants operate on coal mined in the Moscow Region basin. The role of HPPs in the region is small.
Agro-industrial complex
The agro-industrial complex here has mainly natural character. Its share is 2.3% of the GRP of the region. It is developing quite intensively. The following areas of agricultural specialization can be distinguished: flax growing (Smolensk, Tver, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Kaluga, Ivanovo regions), grain growing (Bryansk, Ryazan, Tula, Oryol regions), potatoes and vegetables, sugar beet, milk, animal husbandry (Bryansk, Moscow , Ryazan, Tula regions).
1. Number of subjects of the Federation in the CER:
a) 10, b) 11, c) 13
2. EGP influence on the development of the Central region:
a). Exceptionally beneficial. b). Unprofitable. in). Didn't have an impact.
3. The central region is bordered by:
a). With Belarus and Ukraine.
b). with Ukraine and Lithuania.
in). With Belarus and Latvia
4. What area of the CER goes to the state border of the Russian Federation with Belarus
a) Smolensk, b) Orlovskaya, c) Kaluga
5. What area is not included in the CER?
a) Volgograd, b) Vladimir, c) Ivanovo
6. The population of the CER is ... million people:
a) 50, b) 40, c) 31
5. The following landform is located on the territory of the CER:
a) Volga Upland b) Stavropol Upland
c) Valdai Upland
6. On the territory of the CER the following type of climate:
a) monsoon, b) temperate continental, c) continental
7. What chemical raw materials are mined on the territory of the CER
a) apatites, b) phosphorites, c) table salts
8. What fuel mineral is mined on the territory of the CER
a) brown coal, b) black coal, c) oil
9. The CER includes the following NPPs:
a) Tverskaya, b) Smolenskaya, c) Novovoronezhskaya
10. The average population density of the CER is approximately:
a) 62 people/km2, b) 43 people/km2, c) 23 people/km2, d) 13 people/km2
11. Which of the following cities has an oil refinery?
1) Yaroslavl, 2) Bryansk, 3) Smolensk, 4) Kaluga
12. Structure of the CER transport network
a) rectangular, b) lattice, c) radial - annular
13. Name the cities-technopolises
A) Obninsk, b) Dubna, c) Zhukovsky, d) Korolev, e) All of these cities are technopolis cities.
fourteen. . The sector of specialization of the CER industry is:
a) timber industry, b) printing industry, c) light industry, d) aluminum industry, e) fuel industry.
15. Mechanical engineering CER : a) metal-intensive, b) science-intensive, c) all answers are correct
Make matching pairs
1. Plant ZIL A. Voskresensk
2. Production of diesel locomotives B. Ivanovo, Orekhovo-Zuevo
3. Space capital of the Russian Federation V. Serpukhov, Ryazan, Tver, Klin
4. PPM G. Kolomna
5. Textile industry D. Moscow
6. Production of phosphate fertilizers E. Korolev
7. Chemical production. fibers J. Kaluga, Surazh, Kuvshinovo
- List the cities that are part of the "Golden Ring".
- List the centers of folk crafts of the CER.
- List the areas that are part of the CER.
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"Verification test on the topic "Central Economic Region (CER)""
Screening test on the topic "Central Economic Region (CER)"
Part A
A1. Number of subjects of the Federation in the CER:
A2. Which area of the CER goes to the state border of the Russian Federation with Belarus
1) Kaluga 2) Oryol 3) Smolensk
A3. The population of the CER is ... million people:
A4. The following landform is located on the territory of the CER:
1) Valdai Upland 2) Stavropol Upland 3) General Syrt Upland
A5. On the territory of the CER the following type of climate:
1) monsoon 2) temperate continental 3) continental
A6. What chemical raw materials are mined on the territory of the CER
1) apatites 2) table salts 3) phosphorites
A7. What fuel mineral is mined on the territory of the CER
1) hard coal 2) brown coal 3) natural gas
A8. The following nuclear power plant belongs to the CER:
1) Tverskaya 2) Kursk 3) Beloyarskaya
A9. For Which area has the highest population density?
1) Moscow 2) Ryazan 3) Yaroslavl
A10. AT Which of the following areas has factories for the production of potato harvesters?
1) Ivanovskaya 2) Moscow 3) Ryazanskaya
A11. What area is not part of the CER?
1) Vladimirskaya 2) Ivanovskaya 3) Penza 4) Bryanskaya
A12. The average population density of the CER is approximately: 1) 63 people/km2 2) 43 people/km2 3) 23 people/km2 4) 13 people/km2
A13. Which of the following cities has an oil refinery?
1) Yaroslavl 2) Bryansk 3) Smolensk 4) Kaluga
A14. The branch of specialization of the industry of the Central Economic Region is:
1) timber industry 2) light industry 3) aluminum industry
4) fuel industry
Part B
B1 Determine the share of arable land (%) in the structure of agricultural land of the CER, if the area of arable land is 13.1 million hectares, and the area of agricultural land is 18.5 million hectares. ha. Write your answer in numbers.
IN 2. Establish a correspondence between the mineral resource and the subject of the Federation where it is mined
Mineral resource Subject of the Federation
1) phosphorites A) Tver region
2) brown coal B) Bryansk region
3) peat B) Tula region
D) Smolensk region
AT 3. Establish a correspondence between production and the center of its location.
Production Accommodation center
1) flax harvesters A) Vladimir
2) tractors B) Moscow
3) copper B) Bezhetsk
D) Ivanovo
Part C
When answering the tasks of this part, first write down the task number, then not only the answer to the question posed, but also the entire course of your reasoning
C1. What branch of the economy are we talking about?
This industry belongs to the manufacturing sector, is part of the agro-industrial complex, and is best represented in Russia on the territory of the CER. It is developed in the Central Economic Region in the east, north and in the central part. It works on imported raw materials, most often placed according to the labor factor, and is one of the main branches of specialization.
C2. The city of Yaroslavl is the largest producer of synthetic rubber and tires not only for the CER, but for the entire European part of Russia. What is the reason for this specialization of the city? Name at least three reasons.
CENTRAL ECONOMIC DISTRICT 9 CLASS.1 option
1. Influence of the EGP on the development of the Central District:
A. Extremely profitable.
B. Unprofitable.
B. No impact.
2. The central region borders:
A. With Belarus and Latvia.
B. With Ukraine and Lithuania.
B. With Belarus and Ukraine.
3. The central region has stocks of:
A. Coal and phosphate rock.
B. Oil and natural gas.
B. Iron and manganese ore. 4. The leading factor in the development of the CER is: 1) mineral resources; 2) geographical position; 3) agroclimatic resources; 4) natural conditions.
5. The structure of the Central Economic Region includes the region: 1) Leningradskaya; 2) Murmansk; 3) Yaroslavl; 4) Nizhny Novgorod.
6. The second most populous city in the Central District:
A. Yaroslavl.
B. Nizhny Novgorod.
7. In what region is flax growing developed: 1) Kostroma; 2) Yaroslavl; 3) Ivanovskaya; 4) Tula.
8. In the structure of the industry of the CER, the leading industry is: 1) fuel extraction; 2) metallurgy; 3) woodworking; 4) mechanical engineering.
9. Nizhny Novgorod is dominated by:
A. Power engineering.
B. Automotive industry.
B. Tractor engineering.
10. Where metallurgy was developed in the Central region:
A. Yaroslavl.
B. Moscow.
11. Center of the petrochemical industry of the Central region:
A. Yaroslavl.
B. Smolensk.
12. Agriculture of the Central region is dominated by:
A. Livestock.
B. Crop production.
B. Suburban specialization.
13. The main task of the Central District for present stage:
A. Development of traditional industries.
B. Development of new and latest industries.
14. The center of chemical fiber production is: 1) Suzdal; 2) Shchekino; 3) Ivanovo; 4) Orekhovo-Zuevo.
Option 2 Test for the Central Economic Region
1. The Central Economic Region includes the following regions:
A) Tver, Ryazan, Belgorod;
B) Bryansk, Vladimir, Kostroma;
C) Tula, Tambov, Smolensk.
2. Central region:
A) does not border with foreign countries;
B) borders on one foreign state;
C) borders on two foreign countries.
3. There are stocks in the central region:
A) phosphorites;
B) oil;
B) coal.
4. Among the regions of the second order that are part of the CER, find the error: 1) Kostroma; 2) Tverskaya; 3) Ivanovskaya: 4) Bryansk. 5. Sector of the economy, which is associated with the main prospects for the development of the Central region:
A) industry
B) recreation;
B) scientific research.
6. The main advantage of the EGP of the Central District, which contributed to its development, is:
A) wealth in natural resources;
B) neighborhood with highly developed foreign states;
C) intersection of transport routes.
7. The branch of industry that has become widespread in the Central Region earlier than others:
A) mechanical engineering;
B) textile industry;
C) food industry.
8. An important industrial hub specializing in military and agricultural engineering, ferrous metallurgy is:
A) Kaluga;
B) Tver;
B) Tula.
9. Find an error in the list of industries, in the development of which the Central District ranks first among other economic regions of Russia:
A) scientific research and higher education;
B) banking and financial services;
C) non-ferrous metallurgy.
10. The problem, uncharacteristic for the Central region:
A) a difficult environmental situation;
B) poor transport development of the territory;
C) depletion of natural resources. 11. The following are mined in the Moscow region: 1) brown coal, phosphorites; 2) oil shale and limestone; 3) mica, facing stone; 4) apatites, nephelines. 12. Which city of the CER has the status of the only city-museum in Russia: 1) Yaroslavl; 2) Suzdal; 3) Ivanovo; 4) Tula
13. What is the main specialization of the AIC CER? 1) meat and dairy farming; 2) winter wheat; 3) suburban economy; 4) sheep breeding.
14. The largest state district power plant in the Central District is: 1) Shchekinskaya; 2) Ryazan; 3) Kostroma; 4) Konakovskaya.
1. - B; 2. - B; 3. - A, 5. - B; 6. - B; 7. - B; 8. - B; 9. - B; 10. - B.