Who is the President of the Russian Federation now. Who was the President of the USSR and the Russian Federation
The political career of Russian President Vladimir Putin began in May 1990, with his appointment as an adviser to the chairman of the Leningrad City Council of People's Deputies under the leadership of Anatoly Sobchak. Already on June 12 of the same year, he became chairman of the Committee for External Relations of the Leningrad City Hall. He is responsible for attracting investments to St. Petersburg, cooperation with foreign companies and organizing joint ventures, as well as developing tourism. Putin's presidential term will begin only after 10 years, but more on that later.
Since 1993, the head of St. Petersburg, Anatoly Sobchak, during his foreign trips, began to leave Putin as a deputy in charge of the city's affairs. Already by 1994, the future president showed himself so well that it was decided to appoint him to the post of first deputy chairman of the government of St. Petersburg, while retaining the position of head of the foreign relations committee. The circle of duties and responsibilities expanded rapidly.
Since August 1996, Putin moved to Moscow at the invitation of Pavel Borodin to the position of the head of the presidential administration of the Russian Federation and two years later he was promoted to deputy head of the presidential administration, and also became the head of the Main Control Directorate, removing Alexei Kudrin from his post.
By 1998, Putin is already in charge of working with the regions. In the same year his effective work leads to him serving as director of the Federal Security Service Russian Federation. In the spring of 1999, he received the post of Secretary of the Security Council. Less than a year remains before Putin begins his term as president of Russia.
According to sources, the first talk that Putin would become president began in early May 1999. In August 1999, Vladimir Vladimirovich became First Deputy and Acting Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. On August 9, Boris Yeltsin officially announces his successor for the first time. Conversations about the transfer of power started twice - December 14 and December 29. At first, Putin replied that he was not ready for such a decision, but later he was forced to agree, and on December 31, Boris Yeltsin announced his resignation and the complete transfer of powers to his successor.
So, the unofficial term of Vladimir Putin begins on December 31, 1999 - he holds the post of acting president of the Russian Federation. Officially, Putin's first presidential term begins on March 26, 2000, the day he won the first round of elections with 52.49% of the vote.
Putin's first and second presidential terms
Putin's first term as president stretched from 2000 right up to 2008. As mentioned above, at first presidential elections in which he participated, he won 52.49% of the vote. The elections held in 2004 were able to demonstrate that over the past four years, voters were convinced that the choice in favor of Putin was made correctly. Thus, self-nominated Putin began his second term as president with a victory of 71.31% of the Russian vote.
The next presidential elections were held in 2008, but Vladimir Putin did not participate in them; according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, he did not have the right to run for the post of head of state for the third time in a row. Instead of himself, the guarantor of the Constitution together with the party " United Russia” proposed the candidacy of Dmitry Medvedev, who won according to the voting results with an indicator of 70.28%. Putin also took the post of Prime Minister of Russia, where he stayed until 2012. Since 2012, the third term as head of the Russian Federation began.
Putin's third presidential term
As noted above, Vladimir Putin's third term as president began in 2012. Shortly before the elections, an amendment was made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, according to which the presidential term was increased from four to six years. That year, Putin won the election thanks to the fact that 71.31% of Russians voted for his candidacy. The United Russia party, which today is perhaps the most powerful party in modern Russia thanks to the majority of seats in the government of the Russian Federation.
Three years after the election, political scientists in Russia and around the world decided to sum up what Putin has achieved during his reign. Despite the fact that Putin's presidential terms lasted only 12 years, in general, Vladimir Vladimirovich was in power for 15 years, including four years as Prime Minister of the Russian Federation. A peculiar anniversary fell on May 7, 2015 - this very day was half of Putin's third term as president of the Russian Federation, in addition, it was on May 7, 2000 that the first inauguration of President Putin took place.
Even then, on May 7, 2015, political scientists predicted that the head of state would run again in 2018. But, as we know, at the beginning of December 2017, Vladimir Putin had not announced his intention to participate in the elections.
Some political scientists, speaking about how long Putin has as president and what results Vladimir Vladimirovich has achieved during this time as head of state, noted that such a concept as the “Putin phenomenon” has appeared in the world, which has become a personified response to the expectations of the people from authorities. As Franz Klintsevich, the first deputy head of the United Russia faction and now the first deputy chairman of the Defense and Security Committee of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, noted at the beginning of the 21st century, the “Putin phenomenon” meant the fight against oligarchic capitalism and the return of the state to the social sphere. These same factors led to Putin's victory in the presidential elections in subsequent years. At the same time, Klintsevich called the reformatting of relations between the authorities and society the leading trend of Putin's current term.
As Vladimir Slatinov, a professor at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, noted in 2015, Putin, despite the fact that his term in power has already crossed the line of 15 years, is in excellent physical and intellectual shape, which cannot be said about those who have been in office for a long time. the helm of the board of the Soviet general secretaries. The events of a year ago at that time - the aggravation of relations with Ukraine, the return of Crimea to the Russian Federation, anti-Russian sanctions imposed by Western countries - all this led to the fact that Putin, in his third presidential term, showed tremendous composure and great activity. After all, all of the above could shake the country, but in the end, thanks to Putin's competent policy, it led to the fact that the Russian economy only strengthened, and Russia's position in the international political arena became the agenda of many Western politicians.
Opponent of the President of the Russian Federation in political terms, leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennady Zyuganov, summing up the 15th anniversary of Putin's presidential term, noted that the head of state "deployed a state ship in favor of national interests", and also began to pursue a more balanced patriotic policy that enjoys the support of the country's population . The high support of the Russians and their approval of the president's activities throughout Putin's presidential and prime ministerial terms also demonstrate the correctness of the chosen course.
| Approve | disapprove | No answer | ||
| 2017 | August | 83 | 15 | 1 |
| July | 83 | 15 | 2 | |
| June | 81 | 18 | 1 | |
| May | 81 | 18 | 1 | |
| April | 82 | 18 | 1 | |
| March | 82 | 17 | 1 | |
| February | 84 | 15 | 1 | |
| January | 85 | 14 | 1 | |
| 2016 | 82 | 18 | 1 | |
| 2015 | 83 | 17 | 1 | |
| 2014 | 84 | 15 | 1 | |
| 2013 | 63 | 36 | 1 | |
| 2012 | 63 | 35 | 2 | |
| 2011 | 68 | 30 | 2 | |
| 2010 | 78 | 20 | 2 | |
| 2009 | 82 | 16 | 2 | |
| 2008 | 83 | 15 | 2 | |
| 2007 | 82 | 16 | 1 | |
| 2006 | 78 | 21 | 1 | |
| 2005 | 70 | 27 | 3 | |
| 2004 | 68 | 30 | 3 | |
| 2003 | 74 | 23 | 3 | |
| 2002 | 76 | 20 | 5 | |
| 2001 | 74 | 19 | 7 | |
| 2000 | 65 | 26 | 10 | |
Survey Data public opinion on the activities of the President of the Russian Federation "Levada Center"
Despite the fact that today Vladimir Vladimirovich has been at the helm of the country for 17 years, not everyone knows what Putin's presidential term is now. Actually, the third one. Some Russians overlook the period when the head of state was head of government as prime minister between 2008 and 2012.
End of Putin's presidential term: what's next
According to the Central election Committee, Russian presidential elections are scheduled for March 18, 2018. The same date will be the day when the third term of Putin's presidency ends. Whether he will run again is not yet known. This question is currently one of the most burning among Russian and Western political scientists.
Boris Yeltsin's popularity among the broad masses of the population began to grow from 1987, when he, being the Moscow City Party Committee, went into open conflict with the central leadership of the CPSU. The main criticism from Yeltsin was directed to M.S. Gorbachev, Secretary General Central Committee.
In 1990, Boris Yeltsin became a people's deputy of the RSFSR, and at the end of May of the same year he was elected chairman of the Supreme Council of the republic. A few days later there was a Declaration on the sovereignty of Russia. It is that the legislation of Russia takes precedence over the legislative acts of the USSR. In the country that was beginning to fall apart, the so-called “parade of sovereignties” began.
At the last 28th Congress in the history of the CPSU, Boris Yeltsin defiantly left the ranks of the Communist Party.
In February 1991, Boris Yeltsin, in his television speech, sharply criticized the policies of the top leadership Soviet Union. He demanded that Gorbachev resign and hand over the entirety to the Federation Council. A month later, a nationwide referendum was held in the USSR, the results of which were mixed. The vast majority of the country's population supported the preservation of the Soviet Union while introducing presidential rule in Russia. This actually meant that dual power was beginning in the country.
First President of the Republic
On June 12, 1991, the first presidential elections in the RSFSR were held in the history of Russia. The victory in the first round was won by Boris Yeltsin, who went to the polls in tandem with Alexander Rutskoi, who eventually became vice president. And two months later, events unfolded in the country that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
On August 19, 1991, several politicians from Mikhail Gorbachev's inner circle announced that a State Committee under the state of emergency. Yeltsin immediately addressed the Russian people, calling the move an attempted coup d'état. In a few days of political confrontation, Yeltsin issued several decrees that expanded his presidential powers.
As a result, the first Russian President won an impressive victory, followed by the collapse of the USSR.
In subsequent years, many important political events took place in Russia, in which the first president of the republic was directly involved. In 1996, Yeltsin was re-elected to the highest state post in Russia. At the very end of 1999, Boris Yeltsin officially and voluntarily resigned his presidential powers, transferring power before the end of the presidency to his successor, who became V.V. Putin.
Born in Leningrad
1975 - Graduated from the Faculty of Law of the Leningrad state university. According to the distribution, he was sent to work in the state security bodies.
In 1985-1990 worked in the GDR.
1990 - Assistant to the Rector of the Leningrad State University for International Affairs, then - Advisor to the Chairman of the Leningrad City Council.
June 1991- Chairman of the Committee for External Relations of the City Hall of St. Petersburg, at the same time - since 1994 - First Deputy Chairman of the Government of St. Petersburg.
In 1996 Putin moved to Moscow. He worked in the presidential administration of Boris Yeltsin. Since August 1996, he was Deputy Chief of the Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation Pavel Borodin. On March 25, 1997, he became deputy head of the presidential administration and head of the President's Main Control Department.
March 1997- Deputy Head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, Head of the Main Control Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation.
May 1998 - First Deputy Head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.
At the end of July 1998 Putin headed Federal Service Russia's security. In October 1998, he was introduced to the Security Council of the Russian Federation as a permanent member, and from March to August 1999 he served as secretary of this structure.
August 9, 1999 Putin was appointed Acting Prime Minister of the Russian Federation. Immediately announced his intention to run for president in 2000.
March 26, 2000 - elected President of the Russian Federation. He took office on May 7, 2000.
March 14, 2004- Elected President of the Russian Federation for a second term. He worked in this position until 2008.
May 7, 2008 Putin resigned his presidency, simultaneously becoming chairman of the United Russia party. The next day, at an extraordinary plenary meeting of the State Duma, he was approved by the chairman of the government of the Russian Federation. On the same day, May 8, 2008, Medvedev signed a decree appointing Putin as prime minister of the Russian Federation, and on May 27 he also took over as chairman of the Council of Ministers. Union State Belarus and Russia.
In September 2011 Putin accepted Dmitry Medvedev's offer and agreed to run for the 2012 presidential election.
In December 2011 registered by the CEC as a candidate for the presidency of the Russian Federation
Chairman of the State Council.
Candidate of Economic Sciences.
Speaks German and English.
2. The President of the Russian Federation is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. In accordance with the procedure established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, he takes measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity, ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of state authorities.
3. The President of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, determines the main directions of internal and foreign policy states.
4. The President of the Russian Federation, as head of state, represents the Russian Federation within the country and in international relations.
1. The President of the Russian Federation is elected for a term of six years by the citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.
2. A citizen of the Russian Federation not younger than 35 years of age who has permanently resided in the Russian Federation for at least 10 years may be elected President of the Russian Federation.
3. The same person cannot hold the office of the President of the Russian Federation for more than two consecutive terms.
4. The procedure for electing the President of the Russian Federation is determined by federal law.
1. Upon taking office, the President of the Russian Federation takes the following oath to the people:
"I swear, when exercising the powers of the President of the Russian Federation, to respect and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, to observe and protect the Constitution of the Russian Federation, to protect the sovereignty and independence, security and integrity of the state, to faithfully serve the people."
2. The oath is taken in a solemn ceremony in the presence of members of the Federation Council, deputies of the State Duma and judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.
a) appoints, with the consent of the State Duma, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation;
b) has the right to chair meetings of the Government of the Russian Federation;
c) decide on the resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation;
d) submit to the State Duma a candidate for appointment to the post of Chairman Central Bank Russian Federation; puts before State Duma the issue of dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation;
e) at the suggestion of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, appoints and dismisses the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, federal ministers;
f) submit to the Federation Council candidates for appointment to the position of judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, Supreme Court Russian Federation; appoints judges of other federal courts;
f.1) submit to the Federation Council candidates for appointment to the position of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation and deputies of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation; submit proposals to the Federation Council on the dismissal of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation and deputies of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation; appoints and dismisses prosecutors of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as other prosecutors, except for prosecutors of cities, regions and prosecutors equivalent to them;
g) forms and heads the Security Council of the Russian Federation, the status of which is determined by federal law;
h) approve the military doctrine of the Russian Federation;
i) forms the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation;
j) appoint and dismiss authorized representatives of the President of the Russian Federation;
k) appoint and dismiss the high command of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
l) appoints and recalls, after consultations with the relevant committees or commissions of the chambers of the Federal Assembly, the diplomatic representatives of the Russian Federation in foreign states and international organizations.
President of Russian Federation:
a) calls elections to the State Duma in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal law;
b) dissolve the State Duma in the cases and in the manner prescribed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation;
c) calls a referendum in accordance with the procedure established by the federal constitutional law;
d) submit bills to the State Duma;
e) signs and promulgates federal laws;
f) addresses the Federal Assembly with annual messages on the situation in the country, on the main directions of the domestic and foreign policy of the state.
1. The President of the Russian Federation may use conciliation procedures to resolve disagreements between state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as between state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In case of failure to reach an agreed solution, he may refer the dispute to the appropriate court.
2. The President of the Russian Federation has the right to suspend acts of bodies executive power subjects of the Russian Federation in the event of a conflict between these acts of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, international obligations of the Russian Federation or violation of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen until this issue is resolved by the appropriate court.
President of Russian Federation:
a) leads foreign policy Russian Federation;
b) negotiates and signs international treaties of the Russian Federation;
c) signs the instruments of ratification;
d) accept letters of credence and recall from diplomatic representatives accredited to him.
1. The President of the Russian Federation is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
2. In the event of aggression against the Russian Federation or an immediate threat of aggression, the President of the Russian Federation shall introduce martial law on the territory of the Russian Federation or in its individual areas with an immediate notification of this to the Federation Council and the State Duma.
3. The regime of martial law is determined by the federal constitutional law.
The President of the Russian Federation, under the circumstances and in the manner provided for by the federal constitutional law, introduces on the territory of the Russian Federation or in its individual localities state of emergency with immediate notification of this to the Federation Council and the State Duma.
President of Russian Federation:
a) resolves issues of citizenship of the Russian Federation and granting political asylum;
b) rewards state awards Russian Federation, assigns honorary titles of the Russian Federation, higher military and higher special ranks;
c) grants pardon.
1. The President of the Russian Federation issues decrees and orders.
2. Decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation are binding on the entire territory of the Russian Federation.
3. Decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation must not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.
The President of the Russian Federation enjoys immunity.
1. The President of the Russian Federation begins to exercise his powers from the moment he takes the oath and terminates their exercise with the expiration of his tenure in office from the moment the newly elected President of the Russian Federation takes the oath.
2. The President of the Russian Federation terminates the exercise of his powers ahead of schedule in the event of his resignation, persistent inability for health reasons to exercise his powers, or removal from office. At the same time, the election of the President of the Russian Federation must be held no later than three months from the date of early termination of the exercise of powers.
3. In all cases when the President of the Russian Federation is unable to fulfill his duties, they are temporarily performed by the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. The acting President of the Russian Federation does not have the right to dissolve the State Duma, call a referendum, or make proposals for amendments and revision of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
1. The President of the Russian Federation may be removed from office by the Federation Council only on the basis of an accusation brought by the State Duma of high treason or the commission of another grave crime, confirmed by the conclusion of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the presence of signs of a crime in the actions of the President of the Russian Federation and the conclusion of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on compliance with the established procedure for bringing charges.
2. The decision of the State Duma to bring charges and the decision of the Federation Council to remove the President from office must be adopted by two thirds of the total number of votes in each of the chambers on the initiative of at least one third of the deputies of the State Duma and subject to the conclusion of a special commission formed by the State Duma.
3. The decision of the Federation Council to remove the President of the Russian Federation from office must be taken no later than three months after the State Duma charges against the President. If within this period the decision of the Federation Council is not adopted, the accusation against the President is considered dismissed.
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THE PRESIDENT Modern Encyclopedia
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The president- (Latin praesidens), 1) in most modern states, the elected head of state and executive power. In the Russian Federation, the president is elected by the people in a general election. Typically, the President has broad powers:… … Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
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