who lives on the river. River animals of central Russia: who lives here? European bog turtle
The diversity of river fish has been of interest to man since ancient times. Our ancestors fished to feed their families. Now, fishing is most often a hobby or recreation. This fact does not negate the benefits of fish products in the diet of children and adults.
List of river fish in Russia pretty big. Consider its main representatives.
Zander
zanderSchooling predatory fish with valuable meat, which includes the entire list of amino acids. A distinctive feature is a camouflage color in the form of dark vertical stripes on the back. It lives at the bottom of clean rivers, in pits. Feeds on small fish, frogs, crustaceans. For a fisherman, pike perch is considered a trophy. You can fish with a spinning rod and a float rod on live bait.
Perch
perch Chub
chub Lives in cool water of fast rivers. It feeds on larvae, fry, frogs. Able to jump out of the water to catch an insect. It reaches 70-80 cm in length. The body and head are large. - difficult prey, as it is shy and cautious. You can catch in the spring on the dough and the larvae of the cockchafer. Summer bait - grasshoppers, dragonflies, flies.
Ide
ide Outwardly similar to a roach or chub. The scales are silvery, darkening with age. Omnivorous. Lives in pools, under a bridge, near a tree lying in the water. Ide gathers in flocks in winter. It tolerates temperature changes well. It is an object of sport fishing.
asp
asp Lives in fast-moving waters, under dams and sluices. Predatory fish with original way hunting. jumps out of the water, falls on the victim, stunning it. Food is captured by a bony protrusion on the lower jaw, grinds with pharyngeal teeth. Reaches a size of 120 cm. The body is wide, laterally compressed, with a powerful back. The scales are light silvery in color. Valuable trophy for the fisherman.
Chekhon
sabre Schooling, usually small fish. Lives in clean water. Feeds on insects. Actively pecking at the bait. The bait can be maggot, silicone bait, grasshoppers. Taste is valued. Remove the gills before cooking.
Podust
podust Lives in fast flowing rivers. It feeds on bottom algae and larvae. Can eat caviar. Prefers cool water. Catches well in summer.
Bleak
bleak Schooling fish living in surface waters. The omnivorous bleak is often caught in the summer and late winter. Distributed everywhere.
Bystryanka
quickie Outwardly similar to bleak. A distinctive feature is a dotted stripe on the sides of the body. The size of the bystrianka is 10-12 cm. It feeds on algae and zooplankton. Inhabits fast flowing rivers.
Gudgeon
gudgeon This little fish is found everywhere. Chooses places with a sandy bottom. The minnow has a cylindrical body with large scales without mucus. Active during the day, sinks to the bottom at night. Feeds on small invertebrates, insects, larvae. In the spring they eat eggs of other fish. They are valuable as bait for catching large predatory fish. It bites well on small worms.
White amur
White amur Herbivorous large fish, reaches 1.2 m. Amur scales are large, with a black rim. Likes warm water. Fishing lasts from May to October. Fishing takes place in the coastal zone overgrown with reeds. The bait can be semolina, dough, peas, potatoes. is a commercial fish, its meat is white, dense, fatty.
silver carp
silver carp Large fish living in moderately flowing rivers. It lives in warm water, with the onset of cold weather falls into hibernation. feeds on zooplankton. Schooling fish, weight reaches 20 kg. Caught on dough and vegetable baits.
catfish
catfish Predatory single fish. It is distinguished by the absence of scales and the presence of a mustache. lives in the depths, inhabits underwater pits. It feeds on mollusks, frogs, and fish. Can eat dead fish. He also eats plant foods. Weighs up to 300 kg. The catfish is active at night, after rain and during fog. It was at this time that the fishermen hunted him. They catch on a boat, on a bunch of worms, mollusks, locusts, frogs, live bait.
Acne
acne River eel lives in places with a weak current and a clay bottom. Predator, like a snake. Feeds on crabs and worms. Crawls into another body of water on wet grass. It grows up to 47 cm. It lives in the European part of Russia, goes to the Sargasso Sea for spawning. After spawning, the fish dies. Eels are caught with float and bottom rods on live bait. The bait is cast in the evening and checked in the morning. The meat is nutritious, smoked eel is considered a delicacy.
Burbot
burbot Industrial bottom fish, Lives under snags. It feeds on mollusks, small fish, and frogs. It grows up to 1 m. Spawning and active fishing takes place in winter. They fish with float rods. Bait - pieces of fish, worms, bird giblets.
Loach
loach A small fish with a thin elongated body and a yellow back. Length up to 30 cm. Lives in quiet parts of the river. In a dangerous situation, it burrows into the mud. In time of drought, it looks for another body of water, crawls over land, at this time it is caught in puddles. During the catch, the loach squeaks. Feeds on larvae and eggs of other fish. Moreover, a flock of loaches can cause significant harm to the population of carp, crucian carp or tench. Due to its repulsive appearance, it is rarely eaten, although its meat is tender, fatty, and tench-like.
Char
char Representative of the salmon family. The back is brown, the body is in small spots. Scales are absent. The meat does not decrease in volume during heat treatment and contains Omega-3 fatty acids. It feeds on larvae and fish eggs. You can catch it on a bloodworm.
Lamprey
lamprey Found in the basin of the Kuban, Don. Lives in clean running water, lives on a sandy bottom. The larval period of the lamprey lasts 5-6 years. Larvae feed on plankton and small invertebrates, grow up to 17-23 cm. Adult lampreys do not feed. The adult state lasts about a year, then the lamprey spawns and dies. The fish is included in the Red Book.
snakehead
snakehead Predatory inhabitant of rivers weighing up to 30 kg. It looks like a snake, fiercely guards its territory. Defeats an enemy of any size. In the reservoir it destroys fish and looks for another, rich in food. While searching for another body of water, it is able to breathe air for up to 5 days. For fishing you need a boat without a motor and a strong rod. The bait is a fish from the same reservoir. Snakehead meat is delicious, suitable for cooking
Sterlet
sterlet Valuable fish Dwells at depth in fast rivers. It feeds on larvae, small crustaceans, mollusks, and small fish. The fish is dark grey-brown in color. A characteristic feature is a narrow long nose. Instead of scales on the body, there are five rows of bone growths. The sterlet is classified as an endangered species. In the regions, rules for catching it have been approved. Fishing without a license is prohibited.
Brook trout
trout inhabits in fast cold waters, enriched with oxygen. The body is thin, elongated. The scales are small, dense. Coloration from brown to yellow. The head is black with golden gill covers. The body is dotted with spots. The meat is white or with a pink tinge. Feeds on crustaceans, tadpoles, larvae. Eats caviar, even its relatives. Catch it wading or from a boat.
grayling european
grayling An agile fish with a remarkable appearance. There are bright yellow spots on the dorsal fin of the grayling. Lives in northern Russia in fast waters. You can catch any lure. Fishing is allowed only with a license. The object of sport fishing. Grayling meat is valued, it is soft and tasty.
The list of Russian fish can be continued. River fish have common features - this is an elongated body, which is an element of adaptation to life in water of a certain density. Their appearance and habits are diverse and depend on the habitat, type of food and other factors.
We present a list of the most common freshwater (river) fish. Names with photos and descriptions for each river fish: its appearance, fish taste, habitats, fishing methods, time and method of spawning.
Pike perch, like perch, prefers only clean water, saturated with oxygen and contributing to the normal life of the fish. This is a pure fish without any ingredients. The growth of pike perch can be up to 35 cm. Its maximum weight can reach up to 20 kg. Pike perch meat is light, without excess fat and very tasty and pleasant. It contains a lot of minerals, such as phosphorus, chlorine, chlorine, sulfur, potassium, fluorine, cobalt, iodine, as well as a lot of vitamin P. Judging by the composition, pike perch meat is very healthy.
Bersh, like pike perch, is considered a relative of perch. It can grow in length up to 45 cm, with a weight of 1.4 kg. It is found in rivers that flow into the Black and Caspian Seas. His diet includes a small fish, like a minnow. The meat is almost the same as that of pike perch, although a little softer.
Perch prefer water bodies with clean water. These can be rivers, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, etc. Perch is the most common predator, but you will never find it where the water is muddy and dirty. Quite thin gear is used for perch fishing. His fishing is very interesting and entertaining.
The ruff has a peculiar appearance with very prickly fins, which protects it from predators. Ruff also loves clean water, but depending on the habitat, it can change its shade. It grows in length no more than 18 cm and gains weight up to 400 grams. Its length and weight directly depend on the food supply in the pond. Its habitat extends to almost all European countries. It is found in rivers, lakes, ponds and even seas. Spawning is carried out for 2 days or more. Ruff always prefers to be at a depth, as he does not like sunlight.
This fish is from the perch family, but few people know it, since it is not found in such an area. It is distinguished by an elongated spindle-shaped body and the presence of a head with a snout protruding forward. The fish is not large, not more than one foot long. It is found mainly in the Danube River and adjacent tributaries. Her diet includes various worms, mollusks and small fish. The chop fish spawns in the month of April with caviar of a bright yellow hue.
This is a freshwater fish that is found in almost all water bodies of the globe, but only in those that have clean, oxygenated water. With a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the water, the pike dies. Pike grows in length up to one and a half meters, with a weight of 3.5 kg. The body and head of the pike is characterized by an elongated shape. No wonder it is called an underwater torpedo. Pike spawning occurs when the water warms up from 3 to 6 degrees. It is a carnivorous fish and feeds on other fish species such as roach etc. Pike meat is considered dietary because it contains very little fat. In addition, there is a lot of protein in pike meat, which is easily absorbed by the human body. Pike can live up to 25 years. Its meat can be stewed, fried, boiled, baked, stuffed, etc.
This fish lives in ponds, lakes, rivers, reservoirs. Its color is largely determined by the composition of the water that is available in this reservoir. By appearance very similar to redfin. The diet of roach includes various algae, larvae of various insects, as well as fish fry.
With the advent of winter, roach goes to wintering pits. Spawns later than pike, somewhere at the end of spring. Before spawning begins, it is covered with large pimples. The caviar of this fish is quite small, transparent, with a green tint.
The bream is an inconspicuous fish, but its meat is characterized by excellent taste indicators. It can be found where there is still water or a weak current. Bream lives no more than 20 years, but grows very slowly. For example, a 10-year-old specimen can gain weight no more than 3 or 4 kilograms.
The bream has a dark silver hue. Average life expectancy is 7 to 8 years. During this period, it grows up to 41 cm in length and has an average weight of about 800 g. The bream spawns in spring.
This is a sedentary type of fish with a bluish-gray color. The bream lives for about 15 years and grows up to 35 cm in length, with a weight of 1.2 kg. Gustera, like bream, grows rather slowly. Prefer ponds with stagnant water or a slow current. In spring and autumn, the silver bream gathers in numerous flocks (dense flocks), hence it got its name. The white bream feeds on small insects and their larvae, as well as molluscs. Spawning takes place at the end of spring or beginning of summer, when the water temperature rises to +15ºС-+17ºС. The spawning period lasts from 1 to 1.5 months. The meat of the bream is considered not tasty, especially since it contains a lot of bones.
This fish is distinguished by a dark yellow-golden hue. It can live up to 30 years, but already at 7-8 years old, its growth stops. During this time, the carp manages to grow up to 1 meter in length and gain weight of 3 kg. Carp is considered a freshwater fish, but it is also found in the Caspian Sea. Its diet includes young shoots of reeds, as well as caviar of spawned fish. With the advent of autumn, its diet expands and various insects and invertebrates begin to enter it.
This fish belongs to the carp family and can live for about a hundred years. Can eat undercooked potatoes, breadcrumbs or cake. A distinctive feature of cyprinids is the presence of a mustache. Carp is considered a voracious and insatiable fish. Carp lives in rivers, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, where there is a muddy bottom. The carp loves to pass the pliable mud through its mouth in search of various bugs and worms.
Carp spawns only when the water begins to warm up to a temperature of +18ºС-+20ºС. Can gain weight up to 9 kg. In China it is a food fish, and in Japan it is an ornamental food.
A very strong fish. Many experienced anglers are engaged in fishing for this, using powerful and reliable gear for this.
Carp is the most common fish. It is found in almost all water bodies, regardless of the quality of the water and the concentration of oxygen in it. Crucian carp is able to live in water bodies where other fish will immediately die. It belongs to the carp family, and in appearance it is similar to carp, but does not have a mustache. In winter, if there is very little oxygen in the water, crucian carp hibernates and remains in this state until spring. The crucian spawns at a temperature of about 14 degrees.
Tench prefers ponds with dense vegetation and covered with dense duckweed. Tench is well caught from August, until the onset of real cold weather. Tench meat has excellent taste characteristics. No wonder the tench is called the royal fish. In addition to the fact that tench can be fried, baked, stewed, it makes an incredible fish soup.
The chub is considered a freshwater fish and is found exclusively in fast-flowing rivers. It is a member of the carp family. It grows up to 80 cm in length and can weigh up to 8 kg. It is considered a bold fish, as its diet consists of fish fry, various insects, and small frogs. It prefers to be under trees and plants hanging over the water, since various living creatures very often fall into the water from them. Spawns at temperatures from +12ºС to +17ºС.
Its habitat includes almost all rivers and reservoirs of European states. Prefers to stay at depth, in the presence of a slow current. In winter, it shows the same activity as in summer, since it does not hibernate. Considered to be a fairly hardy fish. It can have a length of 35 to 63 cm, with a weight of 2 to 2.8 kg.
Can live up to 20 years. The diet consists of both plant and animal foods. Ide spawning occurs in the spring, at a water temperature of 2 to 13 degrees.
It is also a member of the family of carp fish species and has a dark bluish-gray color. It grows in length up to 120 cm and can reach a weight of 12 kg. Found in the Black and Caspian Seas. Selects areas with fast currents and avoids stagnant water.
There are sabrefish with silvery, grayish and yellow coloring. It can gain weight up to 2 kg, with a length of up to 60 cm, it can live for about 9 years.
Chehon is growing very fast and gaining weight. Found in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and seas such as the Baltic Sea. IN young age feeds on zoo- and phytoplankton, and with the advent of autumn it switches to eating insects.
It is easy to confuse rudd and roach, but rudd has a more attractive appearance. Over the course of 19 years of life, it is able to gain weight of 2.4 kg, with a length of 51 cm. It is found mostly in rivers that flow into the Caspian, Azov, Black and Aral Seas.
The basis of the diet of the rudd is food of plant and animal origin, but most of all it likes to eat caviar of mollusks. Enough healthy fish with a set of minerals such as phosphorus, chromium, as well as vitamin P, proteins and fats.
The podust has a long body and it chooses areas with a fast current. It grows in length up to 40 cm and at the same time has a weight of up to 1.6 kg. Podust lives for about 10 years. It feeds from the bottom of the reservoir, collecting microscopic algae. This fish is distributed throughout Europe. Spawns at a water temperature of 6-8 degrees.
Bleak is an ubiquitous fish, known to almost anyone who has ever fished with a fishing rod in a pond. The bleak belongs to the family of carp fish species. It can grow to small sizes in length (12-15 cm) with a weight of about 100 grams. It is found in rivers flowing into the Black, Baltic and Azov Seas, as well as in large reservoirs with clean, not stagnant water.
It is a fish similar to the bleak, but slightly smaller in size and weight. With a length of 10 cm, it can weigh only 2 grams. Able to live up to 6 years. It feeds on algae and zooplankton, while growing very slowly.
It also belongs to the family of carp fish species, and it has a spindle-shaped body. It grows in length up to 15-22 cm. It is carried out in reservoirs where there is a current and there is clean water. The gudgeon feeds on insect larvae and small invertebrates. Spawns in spring, like most fish.
This type of fish also belongs to the carp family. Feeds on almost food plant origin. It can grow in length up to 1 m 20 cm and weigh up to 32 kg. It has a high growth rate. White carp is distributed throughout the world.
The diet of the silver carp consists of microscopic particles of plant origin. It is a large representative of the carp family. This is a heat loving fish. The silver carp has teeth that can grind vegetation. It lends itself easily to acclimatization. Silver carp is grown artificially.
Due to the fact that it grows rapidly, it is of interest for industrial breeding. Can recruit for a short time up to 8 kg of weight. For the most part, it is distributed in Central Asia and in China. It spawns in spring, loves water areas where there is an intense current.
This is a very large representative of freshwater reservoirs, capable of growing up to 3 meters in length and weighing up to 400 kg. Catfish has brown shade but has no scales. Inhabits almost all water bodies in Europe and Russia, where there are appropriate conditions: clean water, the presence of aquatic vegetation and suitable depth.
This is a small representative of the catfish family, which prefers small reservoirs (channels) with warm water. In our time, it was brought from America, where there are quite a lot of it and most anglers are engaged in catching it.
Its spawning occurs in conditions when the water temperature reaches +28ºС. Therefore, it can be found only in the southern regions.
It is a fish from the river eel family and prefers freshwater reservoirs. This is a snake-like predator that is found in the Baltic, Black, Azov and Barents Seas. Prefers to be in areas with a clay bottom. Its diet consists of small animals, crayfish, worms, larvae, snails, etc. Able to grow in length up to 47 cm and gain weight up to 8 kg.
This is a heat-loving fish that is found in water bodies located in large climatic zones. Its appearance resembles a snake. A very strong fish that is not so easy to catch.
It is a representative of cod-like fish and looks like a catfish in appearance, but it does not grow to the size of a catfish. This is a cold-loving fish that leads an active lifestyle in winter time. Its spawning also occurs during the winter months. It hunts mainly at night, while leading a benthic lifestyle. Burbot refers to industrial types fish.
This is a small fish with a long body, covered with very small scales. It can easily be confused with an eel or a snake if you have never seen one in your life. It grows in length up to 30 cm, or even more, if growth conditions favor. It is found in small rivers or ponds where there is a muddy bottom. It prefers to be closer to the bottom, and on the surface it can be seen during rain or thunderstorms.
The char belongs to the salmon family of fish species. Due to the fact that the fish does not have scales, it got its name. Grows to a small size. Its meat under the influence of low temperatures does not decrease in volume. It is characterized by the presence of fatty acids, such as omega-3, that can resist inflammatory processes.
Lives in rivers and feeds various types fish. Distributed in the rivers of Ukraine. Prefers shallow water areas. It can grow in length up to 25 cm. It reproduces by caviar, at a water temperature within + 8ºС. After spawning, it can live no more than 2- + x years.
The life expectancy of this fish is considered to be about 27 years. It grows in length up to 1 m 25 cm, gaining weight up to 16 kg. It is distinguished by a dark gray-brown color. In winter, it practically does not feed and goes to the depths. It has a valuable commercial value.
This fish lives only in the basin of the Danube arm and is not common anywhere else. It belongs to the family of salmon fish species and is a unique representative of the fish fauna of Ukraine. Danube salmon is listed in the Red Book of Ukraine and it is forbidden to catch it. Can live up to 20 years, feeds mainly on small fish.
It also belongs to the salmon family and prefers rivers with a rapid current and cold water. It grows in length from 25 to 55 cm, while gaining weight from 0.2 to 2 kg. The diet of trout includes small crustaceans and insect larvae.
It is a representative of the Evdoshkov family, reaches a size of about 10 cm, while gaining a weight of 300 grams. It occurs in the basins of the Danube and Dniester rivers. At the first danger, it burrows into the silt. Spawning occurs in March or April. Likes to eat fry and small invertebrates.
This fish is caught on an industrial scale in Edver, the Urals. Spawns at temperatures not higher than +10ºС. This is a predatory fish species that loves fast-flowing rivers.
This is a freshwater variety of fish that belongs to the carp family. It grows up to 60 cm in length and gains up to 5 kg of weight. The fish has a dark color and is common in the Caspian, Black and Azov seas.
River fish without bones
Virtually no bones
- in maritime language.
- In fish of the sturgeon family, belonging to the chordate order.
Despite the fact that the water has a certain density, the body of the fish is ideally suited for movement in such conditions. And this applies not only to river, but also to sea fish.
Typically, her body has an elongated, torpedo-like body shape. In extreme cases, her body is spindle-shaped, which contributes to unhindered movement in the water. These fish include salmon, podust, chub, asp, sabrefish, herring, etc. In still water, most fish have a flat flattened body on both sides. These fish include carp, bream, rudd, roach, etc.
Among the many species of river fish, there are both peaceful fish and real predators. They are distinguished by the presence of sharp teeth and a wide mouth, which makes it easy to swallow fish and other living creatures. Such fish include pike, burbot, catfish, pike perch, perch and others. Such a predator as a pike during an attack is capable of developing a huge initial speed. In other words, she literally instantly swallows her victim. Predators such as perch always hunt in packs. Pike perch leads a benthic lifestyle and starts hunting only at night. This testifies to his uniqueness, or rather, his unique vision. He is able to see his prey in absolute darkness.
But there are also small predators that do not differ in the large size of their mouths. Although, such a predator as an asp does not have a huge mouth, such as a catfish, for example, and it feeds only on fish fry.
Many fish, depending on habitat conditions, may have a different shade. In addition, in different reservoirs there may be a different food base, which can significantly affect the size of the fish.
Since the dawn of time, fishing has been a source of food for primitive man. That is, in a sense, fishing helped our ancestors survive.
And today, fishing is a lifeline for men who are oppressed by women. Women are all around: they pump up muscles, learn to shoot, drive a car, work as bank directors. There is nowhere to hide from them, except ... Yes, this "niche" remained unoccupied by women. Fishing is the only male occupation that women cannot and do not want to master. And thank God!
So, in front of you is a book for a real man who, in the early rainy morning on a day off, in order not to spend the whole day with his wife, rushes to collect tackle - reels fishing rods from the house, so to speak - and runs to the river, pond or something in this kind. There he receives primitive pleasure from silence, fresh air and a beautiful view of the water surface. Our book begins with a few interesting facts about fishing and fish.
Do you know how the Christian prayer "Our Father" is translated into the Eskimo language? It is not necessary to quote the translation in its entirety, but one phrase is of interest and fully corresponds to the theme of this book: "Give us our daily fish today." It is true that fish in its importance for many peoples has surpassed and surpasses daily bread. River fish does not provide daily food to a person of European civilization, but despite this, fishing has become a sport for him, and river fish, including trophy fish, still plays the role of decorating the dining table.
How did a person learn to fish? Researchers were once firmly convinced that man copied the behavior of the angler from his four-legged and feathered counterparts. Many land animals are not averse to eating fish.
First, birds such as the osprey or the sea eagle that have not transitioned to an aquatic lifestyle, like the waterfowl pelican or, say, the penguins. An excellent four-legged fisherman is an otter. When she catches a fish, she does not always immediately eat it, but first she plays enough with it: then she releases it, then she catches it again - like a cat with a mouse. But an otter swims as well as a fish. Another thing is the bear. Many peoples compared a bear with a man. The Yakuts, for example, believed that the bear is smart, like a person, he can even speak, and does not talk just because of his gloomy character. The clumsy walks along the river for a long time, looking for a "fish place". At the fishing spot, the bear sits down more comfortably and at the right moment hits the water with its paw, killing the fish. Knows the bear and other ways of fishing. Wolves and many other animals are fishing.
However, it is possible that a person is a fisherman by nature. Scientists are interested in the fact that man is the only one among his monkey relatives who can swim. Was it adapted to an aquatic lifestyle in the past? Quite possible. According to one of the theories of the origin of man, his monkey-like ancestors descended from the trees and, instead of jogging across the savannah, where even a clumsy baboon would overtake them, not to mention other living creatures - predators and antelopes, went to the river.
The only place where the foreman could hunt was the shores of reservoirs, rich in all kinds of food. On the banks, he mastered walking upright, as he collected "gifts of nature" and guarded the fish, standing waist-deep in water. Fishing contributed to the development of his intellect, since this activity is completely useless if the fisherman is not observant, does not know how to invent ways to catch fish and find “fishing places”. That is, we can say that fishing created man. With what we fishermen and congratulations!
What was fishing like before the invention of fishing rods and nets? Initially, a person, most likely, did not catch fish, but hunted it with a harpoon: he waited, standing in the water, and, noticing, struck. Some peoples today fish with their bare hands, having previously poisoned the water of the reservoir with the juices of poisonous plants. For example, in Southeast Asia, plants containing rotenones and rotekonda are used - strong plant poisons that also negatively affect humans. And only then a fishing rod, a net and a top were invented.
Fishing has always required a special attitude. And even today, "fish" topics among friends who go fishing are prohibited. The word "fish" is not mentioned in the conversation, it is replaced by the allegorical "er" or something else. Once upon a time, there was a reverse wish to a fisherman: - “No feather, no scale” (a feather is a fish fin). This is in order not to jinx it and so that the fish peck. The word “fish” itself was born from an allegory: the ancient Slavs called the fish tsivs, but were afraid to use it so as not to scare away both the fish and good luck, and therefore replaced the name with the German word “ruppe” - water eel larva. Gradually, the rupe was distorted into the fish we are used to, and under such a nickname, the object of fishing began to be mentioned in the speech as under its own name.
And now let's talk about the fish itself - proof of the skill of the angler. Fish are extremely interesting. These are the lords of the water element. While liners, aircraft carriers and tankers are sinking, professional swimmers are dying, submarines are being crushed into a pile of metal, coastal structures are being swept away by a tsunami, their habitat does not cause any special problems for fish. And the sharks that people happen to encounter from time to time prove to us once again that water will never be our home, but will remain the kingdom of fish.
Fish are a superclass of lower vertebrates, numbering about 20 thousand species. The respiratory organs of fish are gills. The heart is two-chambered, having one circle of blood circulation. Many fish have swim bladder, which performs a hydrostatic function. Fish have vision and smell, some navigate with the help of electrical impulses emitted by a special organ. Most fish navigate by water vibrations with the help of lateral line organs. Fish reproduce by spawning; viviparous species are also known.
Fish are characterized by dissecting coloration - an invention of evolution that allows fish to seem to merge with the background of their surrounding underwater environment. This coloration does not correspond to the shape of the body of the fish, thereby "dismembering" the fish and making it invisible. An example of a dissecting coloration is, for example, the stripes of a tiger, which camouflage a predator among thickets of tall grasses. The dissecting coloration of fish includes stripes and spots, but its main feature, inherent in all fish, is the division of the body into a dark back and a light, white belly. This coloration is explained by the fact that the light belly merges with the light surface of the reservoir, which is why it is difficult to see the fish from the bottom, and the dark back merges with the dark bottom, and the fish is invisible from above.
Fish live in waters with very different temperatures: from Antarctic to thermal (40 degrees Celsius!). Fish live in the underground waters of caves, at the 11-thousand-kilometer depth of the Mariana Trench, and even in damp coastal foliage and shrubs, like frogs, not paying attention to the lack of moisture. The sizes of fish are as varied as their habitat. The superclass of fish also includes one of the largest vertebrates on the planet - the whale shark (20 meters), and the smallest - the pygmy pandaka goby (8 mm). Small fish live for 2 years, but there are also centenarians - pikes and carps that live up to 50-70 years, all others live no more than 15 years.
In terms of fertility, fish are probably inferior only to insects. For example, roach lays 25,000 eggs, tench - about 300 thousand, bream - a hundred thousand more, pike - a million eggs, and carp - one and a half million. True, from this myriad of eggs, very, very few will survive, because the fish do not care about their offspring, and the mass of eggs is devoured by insatiable aquatic inhabitants, primarily by other fish. However, there are exceptions here too. Som is a caring father. It is the father: the male catfish guards the eggs laid by the female until the fry hatch. The male of another common river fish, the stickleback, also guards the eggs, for which, on its own, without the help of the female, it makes a nest from aquatic vegetation. The female does not take any part in guarding the nest. But this is not necessary, since the male brilliantly copes with the task he has taken on. Surprisingly, this 6 cm long fish boldly attacks large fish, trying to prick them with its dorsal fin spines. The fish is annoyed by any object passing by the nest, even a leaf of a plant.
Fossilized remains of fossil fish have been found in deposits of the Silurian period, much more than 450 million years old. Thus, fish are the oldest vertebrates on our planet. Other vertebrates originated from fish. The ancestor of terrestrial vertebrates - the coelacanth fish coelacanth - still lives in the waters indian ocean off the Seychelles.
However, this is not the only example of relics among fish. The devil shark, accidentally discovered at the very end of the 19th century and described by ichthyologists Mitsukuri and Jordan, turned out to be a relic of the Cretaceous period, that is, it lived more than 90 million years ago, at the end of the era of giant lizards. Paleontologists (specialists in fossil life forms) are well aware of such sharks and call them spade-nosed. The remains of these sharks were found in different places, for example, in marine rocks of the Saratov region. There are other examples as well.
It is difficult to underestimate the importance of fish in human life and nature. Fish feed on algae and aquatic invertebrates, being an important part of the ecological balance of water bodies. Fish give man meat, caviar, fat. Waste from fish production yields fishmeal, pet food, glue, and fertilizers.
Commercial fishing is occupied by 60 countries of the world, of which Japan is the leader. The fishing industry has long been isolated from the rest of the food industry. The fishing industry is engaged not only in the extraction, processing and processing of fish, but also in the artificial breeding of valuable commercial fish in fish factories and reservoirs. For breeding fish, special enterprises have been created - fish hatcheries, engaged in the fertilization and incubation of eggs, followed by the cultivation of fry and their resettlement for rearing in ponds. Fish hatcheries are also called fish hatcheries.
Fish breeding plants should be distinguished from fish hatcheries - farms that fertilize caviar and grow juveniles to obtain marketable products, which are often sold live. In the latter case, a fish farm is called a live fish farm.
Pond farms more fully copy the natural habitat of farmed fish. Fish farms in river reservoirs have to be equipped, among other things, with technical devices for the passage of fish through the dam, the so-called fish passages. Fish passes are divided into fish escapes and fish lifts.
A fish passage is the construction of a passage for fish from the upstream to the downstream in order to preserve the old ways of fish migration and eliminate obstacles to migration from hydroturbines. (A pool is a section of a reservoir bounded by a dam or lock.)
The fish elevator pursues the opposite goal and helps the spawning fish to go up from the downstream to the upstream. The main type of fish elevators is an elevator. All types of fish elevators are inefficient, since no more than 1% of fish pass through them.
The river itself is a significant stream, much larger than a stream. The river flows in a natural channel, fed by surface waters as well as underground runoff, which together form the river's catchment area. Rivers serve as a source of electricity for humans, and are used, in addition, for water intake for economic purposes. Rivers are breeding and natural habitats for many valuable commercial fish that do not take root in stagnant water bodies.
The story about river fish will open asp, one of the most popular fishing trophies. If your friend assures that he caught “such a fish”, you should know that he is either lying, or he caught an asp, or, as it is also called, a shelesper.
Common asp is a common fish in the rivers throughout of Eastern Europe, including the East European part of Russia. And, unlike other fish that become smaller from fishing, the asp manages to grow up to 1 m and weigh more than 8 kg. Asp juveniles catch small benthic invertebrates, usually insect larvae, and feed on them. The adult asp is a predator, preying on small fish. Asps, hunting for fish, arrange its “fight”, that is, they surround a flock of fry and stun the fish with the blows of their tails on the water. The battle of asps can be seen even from afar. Trying not to scare off the asps, the fishermen swim up to the battlefield, cast their lure and immediately begin to pull. The asp pecks only on the move; during the fight, the motionless baubles do not attract his attention.
Suits the fight of fry and other fish, much smaller in size than the asp, but more often falling for the bait - sabrefish. In what kind of rivers is there no sabrefish! It lives in the basins of the Baltic, Azov, Black, Caspian and Aral seas. The mass of sabrefish comes across much less than a kilogram, and only occasionally fish of 2 kg were caught.
In flowing reservoirs with a rocky or sandy bottom, an ordinary gudgeon lives. This is a small carp fish, no more than 15 cm in length. The minnow is distributed almost throughout Eurasia. In many European countries(France, etc.) this fish is recognized as a delicacy. The gudgeon feeds on bottom living creatures. Mustaches help him look for food - special outgrowths at the corners of his mouth. Minnows often swim in small schools.
In the waters of the pool Baltic Sea there is a river eel, a fish with a serpentine body, belonging to the eel-like order. Female river eels live at the bottom of silty rivers. Ripe go to the mouths of the rivers and meet males there. They spawn at great depths of the Atlantic. The Gulf Stream carries eel larvae to the Baltic. Along the way, and it lasts 4 years, the larvae manage to turn into eels. In the Baltic, the juveniles are divided: the males remain in the sea, while the females swim into the rivers. Eels are famous for their tasty meat, which, in addition, is also very nutritious.
"Taranka", she is a ram - a kind of roach. It has solid dimensions: its weight reaches a kilogram. It lives in desalinated areas of the Azov and Black Seas. The ram is well caught on worms: 3-5 fish peck at one worm. Another kind of roach is the well-known Caspian vobla.
In addition to mountain rivers and northern reservoirs, ides live in the rivers and lakes of Eurasia. Ide prefers deep rivers with a quiet flow, loves flowing lakes, where he finds a wide variety of food: from algae to insects, crustaceans and worms. The ide has a thick body and often reaches half a meter in length, there are specimens up to 70 cm. The back of the ide is black and blue. The head is thick, the eyes are large, greenish-orange. In the middle of spring, the ide comes spawning time. For him, the female chooses shallow places with dense underwater vegetation at an average water temperature of 10 degrees Celsius.
Fast-flowing streams with cold water, as well as rivers, are inhabited by minnows, 10 cm fish with a brown, bronzed back. Fish mature by 3 years. Caviar is laid in late spring - early summer. They lay it a little: only 200–600 eggs. Minnows feed on algae, crustaceans, insect larvae. Fishermen catch minnows to later use them as bait. There are also lake minnows, quite suitable for bait. We will talk about lake galyan a little lower, in the chapter on the fish of ponds and lakes, that is, stagnant reservoirs.
The pike lives in rivers and desalinated pre-estuary spaces, preferring slow-flowing waters. This fish from the salmon order is the largest active predatory fish in the fresh waters of Eurasia. The pike is capable of chasing prey like a cheetah. This ability is manifested in her half a month after hatching from caviar. At first, the pike (more precisely, the little pike) feeds on algae and larvae. At the age of one month, it switches to feeding on fish fry, and by mistake even attacks its fellows. A mistake is a mistake, but the unfortunate brothers are still swallowed whole. It is curious that the size of the beetle at this age is only 5 cm - the size of a match. In general, a pike often reaches a length of 2 m. An adult pike feeds, in addition to fish, on chicks of waterfowl and frogs. Pike spawns in shallow water in spring.
Pike is a long-liver. Most freshwater fish live for 2 years (is it really the fault of the pike itself?), While the pike matures only by 3 years. In total, the pike lives up to 50–70 years. Caught pike must be hooked with a net, as this fish is quite restive. And of course, one should not put a finger in the pike's mouth for the sake of a joke: the jaws of this fish are arranged in such a way that they tightly capture everything that has fallen into the predator's mouth.
In the same waters as the pike, the river bully lives - ruff, a small (no more than 25 cm long) fish of the perch family. It is common in the water bodies of Europe, Siberia, Kazakhstan. Popular rumor has long attributed to the ruff a bad character for its “bristles” - prickly fins, but today the ruff also enjoys a bad reputation: it is considered a pest in fish farming, because it eats the caviar of commercial fish and competes with them, eating plant food reservoirs.
In the fresh waters of the entire Northern Hemisphere, an ordinary perch is found, which gave the name to the entire group of perciformes. The perch is relatively small. Individuals living in cold water do not exceed 15 cm in length. On average, perch reaches a length of 25 cm, although specimens up to half a meter long are known. This predatory fish is capable of cannibalism, namely, of eating its own juveniles. This explains the fact that perches are able to live in water bodies in which other fish are not found. And at the same time, perches are collectivists, they live in packs. The perch spawns in the spring. Spawns eggs in the form of long ribbons, placing them on sunken and underwater vegetation.
The perch-like order includes another predator - pike perch. Pike perch lives in fresh and pre-estuary waters of almost all of Europe. Pike perch is divided into three ecological forms: permanent river inhabitants, semi-marine fish and semi-anadromous. The latter during the spawning period rise upstream, but do not go far. Unlike perch, pike perch is a very large fish: its average size is half a meter, although there are specimens up to 1 m long and weighing about 20 kg.
There are fangs on the jaws and palatine bones of the zander - an excellent adaptation for hunting fish, which the zander begins to catch when it reaches one month old and which is his only source of sustenance for the rest of his life. Pike perch is considered a valuable commercial species due to its tasty meat - white, fatty and devoid of muscle tendons. Pike perches are rather fatty fish, for which they are often called "pigs". This is one of the most favorite fish of all fishermen.
The objects of sport fishing include the common dace, one of the ten species of the dace genus. Another species of the same genus - the chub - is of interest for fishing in some places, since it is a large fish, weighing up to 4 kg. The chub is extremely voracious, easily eating beetles and berries such as cherries.
Truly royal fish is catfish, also related to the objects of fishing. It inhabits large rivers, comes across in riverbed lakes, swims in the pre-estuary waters of rivers with a high concentration of salt, which it is able to tolerate. This is a giant fish, species up to 10 meters in size are known. But our ordinary river catfish also has solid dimensions: it grows up to 3 meters in length with a mass of about 2 centners! Catfish cannot be called an active predator, he prefers to lie in wait for prey, lying on the bottom, instead of chasing his victims. But, despite its inactivity, the catfish is a formidable and omnivorous predator. He feeds on fish, attacks waterfowl and animals - on everyone whom he tracked down on the surface of the water. Catfish meat is unusually tasty, in addition, it does not cause problems when cooking and eating with bones and scales: the body of the catfish is naked, and it is not as “bony” as others, even small-boned pike perch.
Another favorite fish of many is burbot. Four types of burbot are known, of which common burbot is found in fresh water bodies of the European part of Russia. It is found in cold rivers and lakes, but sometimes it enters desalinated sea bays. Burbot is a large fish, up to half a meter in length and weighing up to 15 kg. This fish is known for spawning in December. Every fan of winter fishing dreams of catching a burbot stuffed with caviar.
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The central zone of Russia is considered to be the central region of the European part of the country, bordering Belarus in the west, and the Volga region in the east in the east. These areas are characterized by a temperate climate and the presence of expanses of water, where the inhabitants of rivers and lakes live, in which there are favorable conditions for feeding and reproduction.
Russia is great, but only the space of the European part of the country is considered to be its middle zone, numerous
river animals,
along the banks of the rivers you can find otters' burrows, beavers' huts. Muskrats hunt for fish in the water, not so long ago even a crocodile was found in one reservoir, although, of course, it is difficult to attribute it to the permanent inhabitants of the rivers of Russia. Voles water mice live in small minks, there are a lot of animals here and each one finds food for himself and his children, material for building a dwelling and a place so that predators do not find it.Beavers prefer to settle on the banks of slow-flowing rivers, they try to gnaw tree trunks so that they fall in the right place, they fell aspen, birch, and willow. From trunks and branches, animals build quite strong and large half-timbers, they dig a hole nearby, in a steep slope, make several exits, and one of them is always under water. Thus, animals protect themselves and their offspring from attack by predators, if there is no suitable steep nearby, a hut is built from branches and branches, from which there are also several "doors".
Beavers store food for the future, for the winter, usually the "refrigerator" is located under the overhanging shore and is masked by branches, even in frosts the water does not freeze there and the animals can take food at any time and do not starve. Animals feed exclusively on parts of plants, these are the bark of trees, and the grassy parts of water lilies and algae, the teeth are very long, during the felling of trees they grind down a lot, but then they grow back if there is no solid food, the teeth grow so much that the beaver cannot close its mouth and dies.
Muskrats are also river animals that live in central Russia, as well as in Siberia and the Far East, animals are very similar to rats, but much larger - the body length can be up to 40 centimeters. The animal has an elongated muzzle with long incisors, which easily gnaws plants under water, however, if there is not enough plant food, the muskrat can catch and eat a frog or a small fish. They live in families, build huts like beavers or dig holes, males mark their territory and members of other families cannot come here to feed, when the children grow up, the mother kicks them out of the house and they are looking for a new place to live.
In central Russia there are many different rivers and streams, next to which it is free for animals leading a semi-aquatic lifestyle, the largest of them are muskrats and beavers, there are also smaller animals - water voles and otters, which also find their place on the river.
The otter perfectly swims and dives in hunting for fish, can spend almost 2 minutes under water, the animal is perfectly adapted for swimming, it has an elongated body, a long tail, and a flat head. Predators mainly fish, but they can also catch prey on the ground, moving quite far from the river, here they look for small animals - mice, rabbits, they can catch and eat a careless bird. Singles - mate in water, pregnancy lasts 2 months, at this time the otter finds a suitable place for a lair, arranges it in a cave or digs a hole, gives birth to 2 or 4 puppies, which become adults after 2 years.
The otter can be easily tamed and kept as a pet (she recognizes the owner and plays with him), or used on the farm, fishermen sometimes teach her to drive fish into the nets, the animal accepts such work as a game, but receives a reward for it in the form of especially tasty pieces. The animal has wonderful fur with a long awn and thick undercoat, a fur coat made of such fur is highly valued and can last a very long time, so otters are often hunted and their population is decreasing.
In floodplains, in swamps, another rodent lives - a water vole, which is also called a water rat, its body length is up to 25 centimeters, it has a rather long tail. In summer, it digs a hole near the water, and lives there until autumn, with the onset of cold days it moves to drier places, where it arranges original warehouses with stocks of potatoes, or the roots of other plants. From the end of spring to the beginning of autumn, the rat can bring 2 or three broods of cubs, which are raised in the nesting chamber. It feeds on soft parts of plants, sometimes it catches mollusks, insects, and frogs.
In the basins of the Volga, Don and Oka rivers, there is a muskrat, almost the same size as the water vole, but the animal is fatter, and therefore its weight is larger - about 500 grams. The desman eats insects, it can catch a worm or a snail, however, it also eats the soft parts of plants with pleasure. They live in burrows that resemble a labyrinth inside, the animal marks the passages with a secret from the musk gland, the smell of which is attractive to invertebrates, so there is no need to hunt, the food will come by itself and sit on the dining table.
A very stormy life takes place along the banks of rivers and lakes in central Russia, otters, muskrats, beavers build their houses and burrows, stock up on food, give birth to cubs. Biologists try to keep animal world Russia, arrange nature reserves and limit the time of hunting for animals.
Russia is rich not only in minerals, but on its territory there are many animals that live on land and lead a semi-aquatic lifestyle. Animals destroy harmful insects, clean coastal forests, or provide fine furs.
Pike perch is a relative of perch, which lives only in clean water, provided with oxygen for its life and activity. There are no phosphates or other impurities in this fish. The growth of pike perch is 35 cm. Its maximum weight is 20 kg.
Pike perch meat is light and lean, but very tasty. It is saturated with phosphorus, chromium, sulfur, potassium, fluorine, cobalt, iodine and vitamin P. This fish is quite healthy in composition.
Bersh
Bersh also belongs to the perch family. His height is 45 cm. big weight fish is 1.4 kg. This species lives in rivers that flow into the Black and Caspian Seas.
Bersh feeds on not very large fish, mainly gudgeon. The meat is similar to pike perch, but a little softer.
How to catch more fish?
I have been active fishing for quite some time and have found many ways to improve the bite. But the most effective was and remains.It attracts fish in cold and warm water with the help of pheromones included in the composition and stimulates their appetite. Suitable for both summer and winter fishing.
Perch
Perch lives in rivers, lakes, ponds, which have only clean water. That is, we can say that this fish is not picky and is found almost everywhere where it is clean.
To catch a perch, it is necessary to use only certain thin gear. Thanks to this, catching it is quite interesting and entertaining.
Ruff
In appearance, the ruff looks like a monster. It has such spiny fins to protect itself from predatory fish like pike. This fish is found in ponds and rivers, however, depending on the habitat, it changes color. The height is 13 cm, and the weight is approximately 400 g.
Such growth of a ruff depends on an excess of crayfish, insects and larvae that they feed on. This type of fish is common in many European countries. It is found mainly in rivers, lakes, seasides and ponds.
Spawns from two days to several weeks. This fish does not like sunlight, so you can meet it at a depth of at least two meters.
chop
This fish is extremely rare in our area, so few people know about it. The fish belong to the perch family. It has an elongated spindle-shaped body, decorated with a snout protruding forward.
This fish is small in size, that is, its length is less than 1 foot. The main residence of the chop is the Danube River with adjacent tributaries.
The chop feeds on worms, mollusks, fish of not huge sizes. Caviar that has bright yellow, throws since the end of April.
Pike
Pike belongs to the pike family. It has spread in fresh water bodies of the Eurasian and North American continents. We can say that this fish is distributed almost all over the world only in water that is saturated with oxygen.
With a decrease in the amount of oxygen, it dies. Height is 1.5 m, weight ranges from 35 kg. The body and head of the pike are elongated. It can spawn only at temperatures from three to six degrees. The pike is a carnivorous fish.
It feeds mainly on low-value fish. Lives everywhere. The meat contains little fat and is dietary. They live no more than 25 years. In cooking, this type of fish is used in raw, boiled, fried and stewed form.
Roach
Roach has become widespread in Russian Federation.
It lives in rivers, ponds and lakes.
The color of the fish depends on the composition of the water in which it lives.
It looks like a redfin.
Roach feeds mainly on algae, fry of various small fish and various midge larvae.
With the onset of winter, winter leaves.
Spawning starts later than pike, somewhere as far as the end of spring, and before spawning it is covered with small white spots.
Roach caviar is very soft, transparent and has a green tint.
Bream
The bream is a soft fish, but it has delicious taste. Prefers to live in calm water with a slow current.
Their life expectancy is 20 years, however, they grow slowly. For example, a bream that lives 10 years has a weight of only three or four kilograms.
The fish has a silvery-dark color. Life expectancy is seven to eight years. The length varies within 41 cm, and the weight reaches 800 g. Spawning begins in the spring.
It feeds on aquatic plankton, invertebrate larvae and crayfish mollusks. It lives mainly in the Black and Caspian Seas. In cooking, it is used in different types: fried, boiled, salted, smoked and dried.
Guster
Gustera refers to sedentary fish. 
The color is bluish gray. Life expectancy of fish is no more than 15 years.
The length is 35 cm and the weight is 1.2 kg. These fish do not grow quickly. They live in calm waters.
Spring and autumn for the white bream are the period of formation of numerous flocks and dense accumulations.
Hence the name of the fish.
Feeds mainly on insect larvae and small fish mollusks.
Breeding usually spawns at night, in late May or early June at a water temperature of 15 to 17 ° C with a duration of 1 to 1.5 months.
Fish has become widespread in European countries. The meat has a lot of bones and tasteless.
Carp
Carp has a dark yellow-golden color. The life expectancy of a fish is 30 years, but it stops growing at 7 or 8 years. Weight is from 1 to 3 kg, and the height is 100 cm.
Carp is a freshwater fish, but is also found in the Caspian Sea. In summer it feeds on young shoots of reeds and other aquatic plants, as well as young eggs of spawning fish, and in autumn it begins to eat various small insects and invertebrates.
Carp
Carp belongs to the carp family. Has a mustache. Fish feed on undercooked potatoes, breadcrumbs and cake. In winter, carp hibernate. They are very insatiable and gluttonous.
Life expectancy is about 100 years. The fish is yellow-green and brown. It lives in rivers, reservoirs, rates, lakes, which have a bottom filled with silt.
Fish spawn at water temperatures of 18 to 20 degrees in the morning. The weight is about 9 kg. Considered a food fish in China and an ornamental food in Japan.
carp
Carp is the most famous fish among the people. 
Lives in almost all reservoirs and ponds in Russia.
It belongs to the carp family. It resembles a carp, only it does not have a mustache.
This fish is hardy and undemanding to water quality. Little respond to lack of oxygen.
In winter, fish can freeze into ice and not die if the internal fluid does not freeze.
Weighs 0.5 kg.
Spawns at a temperature of at least 14 degrees.
Tench
Inhabits rivers and reservoirs overgrown with plants and covered with duckweed carpet.
It is considered a strong fish. It is good to catch tench, starting from the month of August. In terms of taste, the fish is no worse than carp and pike perch. It also makes a good ear.
Chub
The chub is a freshwater fish. Belongs to the carp family. Its length is 80 cm, it weighs about 8 kg. It uses air insects, young crayfish, fish and frogs as food.
Widespread in European countries and Asia Minor. Spawns at water temperature from 12 to 17 °C. Likes to live in areas with strong currents.
Ide
Ide is widespread in all rivers and reservoirs of European countries. Prefers slow flow and deep places. Does not hibernate. Pretty hardy fish. The length is from 35 to 63 cm, weight ranges from 2 to 2.8 kg.
Life expectancy reaches 20 years. It feeds on animal and plant foods. The ide spawns in the spring at a temperature of 2 to 13 degrees.
asp
The asp is the most common species of the carp family. 
It has a dark bluish-gray color.
The height of the fish is 120 cm, and the mass varies within 12 kg.
This species lives in the Black and Caspian Seas.
He likes to swim in fast reservoirs, avoiding stagnant places.
Chekhon
It has a silvery, grayish and yellowish color. The length of the fish is 60 cm and the weight is 2 kg. Life expectancy is 9 years. The fish grows pretty fast.
Lives in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, the sea. Young fish first eat phytoplankton and zooplankton, and in late summer they feed on insect larvae. Lives in the Baltic Sea.
Rudd
In appearance, the rudd is similar to roach, but much more attractive. The height is 51 cm, and the weight is 2.1 kg. Life expectancy ranges from 19 years.
It is found in rivers that flow into the Caspian, Azov, Black and Aral Seas. Fish eat animals and plant microorganisms. Especially love caviar of mollusks.
Meat contains many useful minerals such as phosphorus, chromium, vitamin P, proteins and fats.
Podust
Podust has a long body. The life span of a fish is 10 years. The length reaches 40 cm, and the weight is 1.6 kg. Likes fast flowing rivers.
It feeds on microscopic algae that lie at the bottom of rivers. Spawns in April at a temperature of 6 to 8 degrees. Distributed throughout Europe.
Bleak
Bleak is a fish that is known to every person who has picked up a fishing rod at least once. It belongs to the carp family. The size of the fish is from 12 to 15 cm, and the weight reaches about one hundred grams.
It lives in rivers that flow into the Black, Baltic and Azov Seas.
Bystryanka
Quicksand is similar to ordinary bleak. This is a rather small fish and its maximum size was no more than 10 cm. It has a brownish-green color. Weighs about 2 g. Lives about 6 years.
Grows very slowly. It eats zooplankton and algae.
Gudgeon
The minnow belongs to the carp family. 
The body of the fish is fusiform.
The size is 15-22 cm.
She lives in water bodies.
Spawns in spring.
Accepts larvae and small invertebrates as food
Cupid white
Fish "White Amur" belongs to the carp family. As food, it accepts only aquatic plants, which are characterized by high growth rates. The growth of the fish is 1.2 m, and it weighs 32 kg. This type of fish is distributed throughout the world.
silver carp
The silver carp feeds on microscopic algae in huge sizes. This is an industrial fish that is easy to acclimatize. She weighs 8 kg. Belongs to the carp family. Fish have teeth that are designed to flatten algae.
The silver carp is widespread in the Republic of China and the Central Asian region. The length of the fish reaches 1 m, and the weight is 25 kg. It is an industrial fish. Silver carps love warm water. In rivers, places with a fast current are selected. They spawn in early spring.
catfish
Catfish is a large freshwater scaleless fish of the catfish family. Its length reaches 5 m, and its weight is 400 kg. The color is brown. Lives in the Russian Federation and other European countries. Refers to inactive fish.
channel catfish
Channel catfish is a fish belonging to the catfish family. It has 37 species of fish that live in North America. The fish has a very slender scaleless body and huge whiskers, which is of particular interest.
Fish spawn at a temperature of 28 degrees. The channel catfish is a heat-loving fish, however, it can winter under the ice.
Acne
The eel is a freshwater fish that belongs to the river eel family. This fish is predatory. Lives in the Baltic, Azov, Black and Barents Seas. It looks like a snake.
It has an elongated cylindrical body and a small head, which is flattened in front. This fish is found in waters with a clay bottom. The eel feeds on a variety of animals that live in mud, crayfish, worms, larvae, snails.
The length is 47 cm, and the weight can reach 8 kg.
snakehead
The snakehead fish lives in swampy areas. Looks like a snake
Burbot
Burbot belongs to the cod-like order. 
It has a long, small and round body.
The color is brown and grey.
But it can change depending on the environment.
This fish spawns in the cold season.
Prefers cold and clear waters.
Burbot refers to predators.
Hunts mainly at night.
Feeds on invertebrates and zooplankton. Burbot is an industrial fish.
Loach
The loach fish is one of a small group of fish characterized by a long body that is covered with very small, smooth scales.
In appearance, the loach resembles an eel or a snake. The fish has a long cylindrical body. The length of this fish is 30 cm.
This species is widespread throughout Europe. Fish prefer calm water. He likes to be mainly at the bottom, and comes to the surface only during a thunderstorm or during rains.
Char
The red char fish is a relative of the salmon breed. There are many types of this fish. A characteristic property of the char is that it has the ability to change its color, which depends on the habitat and the number of years.
These fish do not have scales. Has a small size. In culinary under the influence high temperature the char does not decrease in size.
Fish is rich in omega-3, that is, fatty acids, with the help of which the body carries out protective functions to fight inflammation.
Lamprey Hungarian
It lives mainly in the river. This fish is widespread in Transcarpathia in Ukraine. The Hungarian lamprey lives in shallow sections of rivers with a clay bottom.
Lamprey Ukrainian
Lamprey Ukrainian feeds on various types of fish. Lives mainly in rivers. Distributed in the basins of Ukraine. Does not like to be deep under water.
Body length is 25 cm, spawns at a water temperature of 8 degrees. After spawning, they live for another two years and die.
Sterlet
It has a dark gray-brown color. 
Life expectancy is 27 years.
Length ranges from 1.25 m and weight up to 16 kg.
Lives in rivers.
In winter, it goes into a sedentary state, deepens and does not feed on anything.
Distributed in the Black, Azov, Caspian, White, Barents and Kara Seas.
Belongs to a very valuable industrial fish.
Danube salmon
The Danube salmon is a unique representative of the fish fauna of Ukraine. It lives in the Danube River basin and is not found anywhere else in the world. The fish belongs to the salmon family. Its length is about 1 meter.
Salmon is grey. Spawning begins in April. This fish is a voracious predator that feeds on small fish. The mass of the fish is 140 g, the dimensions vary up to 15 cm.
The life expectancy of the Danube salmon is twenty years.
Brook trout
Brook trout belongs to the salmon family. It has a body length of 25 - 55 cm, and a mass of 0.2 - 2 kg or more. The color changes from dark brown to golden. This fish is sedentary and does not like to migrate.
Trout feeds on crayfish and insect larvae. Trout get the largest amount of food during a thunderstorm, when a huge number of insect larvae are blown into the water by the wind.
Umber
Umber belongs to the Evdoshkov family. The body measures 10 cm and weighs approximately 30 g. The color is reddish brown. Distribution received in the basin of the Danube and Dniester rivers.
If he hears danger, he burrows into the ground. Spawns in March or April. It eats fish larvae and small invertebrates.
grayling european
European grayling is one of the main industrial fish in the North of the Urals. Spawns in rivers at a temperature of 10 degrees. She is a very predatory fish. Likes to be in fast-flowing rivers.
Carp
The carp is a freshwater fish. Belongs to the carp family. The fish is dark in color. Its length is 60 centimeters. Carp is found in the Black, Azov and Caspian Seas. The weight is about 5 kg.
River fish without bones
There are no bones in the following types of fish:
- in maritime language;
- in fish of the sturgeon family which belong to the chordate order.
Features of river fish
Water is a very dense substance, so the movement of fish in it is difficult. However, her body is adapted to such conditions.
Many fish, especially good swimmers, have a long torpedo or spindle shape. These fish include salmon, podust, dace, chub, asp, sabrefish and herring. Flat-bodied fish live in calm waters with little current. These include bream, rudd and crucian carp.
Among river fish there are predators - these are pike, burbot, pike perch and catfish, which have a terrible mouth, huge jaws and strong teeth. The pike tends to arch when it swallows food.
Fish that feed on small fish have small mouth openings. And those that feed from the bottom and dig the earth have a retractable mouth.
The skin color of many fish varies depending on the habitat. The speed of movement can be from ten to twenty meters per second.
How long have you had a really BIG CATCH?
When was the last time you caught dozens of HEALTHY pikes/carps/breams?
We always want to get results from fishing - to catch not three perches, but ten kilogram pikes - this will be a catch! Each of us dreams of this, but not everyone knows how.
A good catch can be achieved (and we know this) thanks to good bait.
It can be prepared at home, you can buy it in fishing stores. But it is expensive in stores, and to prepare bait at home, you need to spend a lot of time, and, to tell the truth, homemade bait does not always work well.
Do you know that disappointment when you bought bait or cooked it at home, and caught three or four bass?
So maybe it's time to use a really working product, the effectiveness of which has been proven both scientifically and in practice on the rivers and ponds of Russia?
It gives the very result that we cannot achieve on our own, all the more, it is cheap, which distinguishes it from other means and there is no need to spend time on manufacturing - ordered, brought and go!
Of course, it is better to try once than to hear a thousand times. Especially now - the season! When ordering, this is a great bonus!
Learn more about bait!