Gaidar Egor Timurovich short biography. Biography of Yegor Gaidar

Yegor was born on March 19, 1956 in Moscow. Yegor Gaidar is the grandson of writers Arkady Gaidar and Pavel Bazhov. Higher education in the biography of Yegor Gaidar was received at Moscow State University, in 1978 he graduated from the Faculty of Economics. Two years later he graduated from graduate school. From 1983 to 1985, Gaidar worked as an expert in the State Commission on Economic Reforms. At this time, several articles by Gaidar on economic topics were published. He also took part in the development of perestroika reforms. Starting next year, he has been serving as a senior researcher at the Institute of Economics and Forecasting of the NTP.

The next stage of Gaidar's biography is associated with the Pravda newspaper and the Kommunist magazine, where he is in charge of the economic department. Political activity in the highest circles was started in 1991. Then Gaidar took the post of Deputy Chairman of the Government. An inseparable connection with the economic sciences can be traced in the following years of Yegor Gaidar's biography. From November 1991 to February 1992 he was the Minister of Economy and Finance of the RSFSR, and immediately after that - the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation. Then he was Deputy (March-December 1992) and Acting (June-December 1992) Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. From September 1993 to January 1994 he served as First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers.

He has been a member of the State Duma since 1995. During his life, Yegor Gaidar published more than a hundred articles on economics.

In 1998, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, with his work "Russia in the Collapse" rather sharply criticized the policies and reforms carried out by the government of Yeltsin, Chubais and Gaidar.

Biography score

New feature! The average rating this biography received. Show rating

In Moscow, in the family of a military journalist, Rear Admiral Timur Gaidar. Both of his grandfathers - Arkady Gaidar and Pavel Bazhov - are famous writers. As a child, Gaidar lived with his parents in Cuba (from 1962, during the Caribbean crisis, until the autumn of 1964). Raul Castro and Ernesto Che Guevara visited their house. In 1966, his father, Pravda correspondent Timur Gaidar, went to Yugoslavia with his family. In 1971 the family returned to Moscow.

Yegor Gaidar graduated in 1973 high school with a gold medal.

In 1978 he graduated with honors from the Faculty of Economics of the Moscow state university(MGU).

From 1978 to 1980 he was a post-graduate student at Moscow State University. He defended his dissertation for the degree of candidate of economic sciences on the topic "Estimated indicators in the mechanism of cost accounting of production associations (enterprises)".

In 1980-1986 he worked at the All-Union Research Institute for System Research State Committee USSR in science and technology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. He was a member of a group of young scientists led by academician Stanislav Shatalin, which was engaged in comparative analysis results of economic reforms in the countries of the socialist camp.

Starting in 1984, Gaidar and his colleagues began to be involved in the work on the documents of the Politburo Commission for the Improvement of Management of the National Economy, which was supposed to prepare a moderate program of economic reforms along the lines of the Hungarian reforms of the late 1960s. The proposals of young scientists were not implemented.

In 1986-1987, Yegor Gaidar was a leading researcher at the Institute of Economics and Forecasting Scientific and Technological Progress of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

In 1987-1990, he was the editor of the economic department and the head of the economic policy department, a member of the editorial board of the Kommunist magazine of the Central Committee of the CPSU, which became one of the platforms for discussions on reform issues in the USSR. Also in 1990 - head of the economics department of the Pravda newspaper.

The Institute for the Economy in Transition received a new name - the Institute for Economic Policy named after E.T. Gaidar (The Gaidar Institute).
The Government of the Russian Federation has established ten scholarships named after Yegor Gaidar for the best students of economic specialties of state universities.

Institute of Economic Policy named after E.T. Gaidar and Maria Strugatskaya established the Yegor Gaidar Foundation. The Foundation runs many independent and joint projects, offers a variety of training programs and grants, organizes conferences and discussions on important social and economic issues.

Yegor Gaidar was born on March 19, 1956, one of the main ideologists and leaders of the economic reforms of the early 1990s.

Private bussiness

Yegor Timurovich Gaidar (1956-2009) Born in Moscow in the family of a military correspondent for the newspaper Pravda, Rear Admiral Timur Gaidar. Both of his grandfathers - Arkady Gaidar and Pavel Bazhov - were famous writers.

With the onset of the Caribbean crisis in 1962-1964, he lived in Cuba, where his father wrote materials for Pravda. Raul Castro and Ernesto Che Guevara visited their house. In 1966, my father and his family went to Yugoslavia. In 1971 the family returned to Moscow.

In 1978, Yegor graduated from the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University, in 1980 he defended his Ph.D. thesis, the topic of which was estimated indicators in the self-supporting system of enterprises. Academic Supervisor Gaidar was academician Stanislav Shatalin, who was considered not only his teacher, but also an ideological associate.

In 1980-1986 he worked at the All-Union Research Institute for System Research. For the next two years, he was a senior researcher at the Institute for Economics and Forecasting Scientific and Technological Progress, worked under the guidance of Academician Lev Abalkin, later - Deputy Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers.

In the early 1980s, he met Anatoly Chubais and his colleagues. A Moscow-Petersburg group of economists and sociologists is emerging, which analyzes the real state of the Soviet economy and society, the international experience of reforms and the prospects for reforms in the USSR. Egor Aidar becomes the leader of the Moscow part of the group.

In 1983-1984, he participated in the work of the commission that studied the possibilities of economic reforms in the USSR. By his own admission, while still working at the Research Institute for System Research, he realized that the USSR economy was in a difficult state, and gradual market reforms were needed to solve its problems, otherwise "the socialist economy would enter a phase of self-destruction."

In 1986, in the boarding house "Snake Hill" in Leningrad region Gaidar, Aven and Chubais organized an economic conference at which the expanded Moscow-Petersburg group discussed the real situation in the Soviet national economy and talked about the prospects for transformation.

In 1987-1990 he was the editor of the economics section of the Kommunist magazine, in 1990 he worked in a similar position in the Pravda newspaper.

In 1990, he headed the Institute for Economic Policy at the USSR Academy of National Economy (now the Yegor Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy).

In August 1991, after the start of the coup, the GKChP announced its withdrawal from the CPSU and joined the defenders of the White House. In those days, he met with the State Secretary of the RSFSR Gennady Burbulis. Subsequently, Burbulis persuaded President Boris Yeltsin to entrust Gaidar's team with the development of economic reforms. In October, Yeltsin met with Gaidar and decided to form a new government based on his team.

In 1991-1992 - Minister of Economy and Finance of the RSFSR, Minister of Finance of Russia, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation and, finally, Acting Head of Government. Under the leadership of Gaidar, market reforms were carried out - retail prices were released, freedom of foreign trade was introduced, privatization and restructuring of the fuel and energy complex began.

After the Congress of People's Deputies approved Viktor Chernomyrdin as head of government, Gaidar was dismissed, but retained his influence on the country's economic course, and was an economic adviser to the president. In September 1993, he was again appointed First Deputy Prime Minister. During the constitutional crisis of September-October 1993 (deputies against the president), he called on Muscovites to take to the streets to defend democracy. “Today we cannot shift responsibility for the fate of democracy, for the fate of Russia, for the fate of our freedom only to the police, internal troops, and law enforcement agencies. Today, the people, the Muscovites, must have their say,” Gaidar said.

In 1993, he was one of the founders of the Russia's Choice movement, then the Democratic Choice of Russia party. In 1994-1995 - deputy State Duma, from 1994 to 2001 - chairman of the party.

In 1998, together with Anatoly Chubais, Boris Nemtsov, Boris Fedorov and Irina Khakamada, he entered the leadership of the Right Cause bloc. The following year, he passed to the State Duma from the SPS party, created by Khakamada and Sergei Kiriyenko. In 2001, he became one of the co-chairs of the party, after its defeat in the elections in December 2003, he left the leadership, but remained in the Union of Right Forces until 2008.

On November 24, 2006, during a seminar in Dublin, Yegor Gaidar was hospitalized with symptoms of severe poisoning. This story remains unclear to this day. It is only obvious that the consequences of the poisoning hastened his departure.

What is famous

Yegor Gaidar

Economist, under whose leadership the market reforms of the early 1990s were carried out, which made it possible to move to a new socio-economic structure in Russia. At the same time, millions of people were forced to experience all the hardships of the transition period from socialism to capitalism.

Gaidar's critics blame him for the negative consequences of the reforms: the depreciation of the population's savings, hyperinflation, a sharp decline in the average standard of living, and an increase in income differentiation.

Gaidar himself explained that such tough and swift reforms were the only way out after the collapse of the Soviet economy. “We saw: another two or three months of passivity, and we will get an economic and political catastrophe, the collapse of the country and a civil war,” he said.

What you need to know

One of the most famous components of Gaidar's activity of the last fifteen years is his books and articles. In 1996-1997, his memoirs and a fresh analysis of his own activities and the situation in the country were published (“Days of defeats and victories” and “State and evolution”). In the future, the scientist prepared a whole series of works with an analysis of the political and economic patterns of transition processes in different societies: “The Death of an Empire” (primarily, about the patterns of the collapse of the USSR), “A Long Time” (about Russia’s place in the process of world transformations), “Troubles and institutions ”(about the patterns of the passage of “troubled” periods and the formation of new institutions as a result), “Anomalies of economic growth” (about the specifics of growth in the modern economy), etc.

Direct speech:

Anatoly Chubais, Chairman of the Board of Rosnano OJSC:“Whatever subsystem of the current economy of the country - tax code, the Customs Code, the Budget Code, technical regulation, etc. - each of them was either written from beginning to end by Gaidar and his institute, or he participated to a large extent in their development.

Yegor Gaidar in the book "Death of the Empire" about the collapse of the USSR:“In order to make the economy and politics of the world superpower dependent on the decisions of potential adversaries (the United States) and the main competitor in the oil market (Saudi Arabia) and wait for them to agree, it takes a long time to recruit especially incompetent people to the leadership of the country.”

Yegor Gaidar in the book "Days of defeats and victories" about the causes of painful reforms:“From an adviser, I turned into a decision maker. Discourses about "soft", "socially painless" reforms, in which it is possible to solve problems overnight so that everyone will feel good, and it will cost no one anything, reproaches addressed to us, which soon filled the pages of newspapers and sounded from scientific stands, even did not offend. We saw: two or three more months of passivity, and we will get an economic and political catastrophe, the collapse of the country and a civil war.

8 facts about Yegor Gaidar:

• Fluent in English, Serbo-Croatian and Spanish. He was a good chess player and also played football.
• Colleagues in the "Democratic Choice of Russia" jokingly called him Iron Winnie the Pooh - the nickname was given for his characteristic appearance, unbending character and great capacity for work.
• Gaidar was married twice. The first time he married in the fifth year of Moscow State University. Married to Irina Smirnova, two children were born - Peter and (just before the divorce) Maria. In 2004, Gaidar admitted that he was the father of Maria, and she took his last name. Subsequently, Maria Gaidar worked at the Institute for the Economy in Transition and actively participated in political life. The second time Yegor Gaidar married the daughter of the writer Arkady Strugatsky - Marianne, the couple had a son, Pavel.
• According to human rights activists Yuli Rybakov and Sergei Kovalev, Gaidar played important role in rescuing hostages during the seizure of a hospital in Budyonnovsk by Shamil Basayev in 1995. Sergei Kovalev was able to get through to Gaidar, who had already contacted the prime minister. According to Kovalyov, it was only from Gaidar that Viktor Chernomyrdin learned that there were not 100 people in the hospital, but 2,000 hostages. Gaidar convinced the prime minister to entrust Sergei Kovalev with the formation of a commission of negotiators, thanks to which the hostages were saved.
• For a long time, Gaidar was credited with the phrase "there is nothing wrong with the fact that some pensioners will die out, but society will become more mobile." In 2000, the Kuntsevsky Intermunicipal Court of Moscow admitted that politician Viktor Ilyukhin deliberately spread the quote in order to denigrate Gaidar.
• The Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy and Maria Strugatskaya established

After years of silence, the guard of the reformer hinted at the violent death of the owner. Officially, the cause of death of Yegor Gaidar is pulmonary edema.

After years of silence, the guard of the reformer hinted at the violent death of the owner

A documentary film dedicated to the main leader and ideologist of the predatory economic reforms of the early 1990s in Russia was released on the screens Yegor Gaidar. It contained the words of his guard Gennady VOLKOV, who first described the last minutes of a liberal's life.

At the beginning of the film, the director general of the All-Russian Library for Foreign Literature and the Civic Platform Foundation Ekaterina Genieva recalls the details of the "first attempt" on Gaidar November 24, 2006 in Dublin. In Ireland, he presented his book The Fall of an Empire. After another question about the collapse of the USSR, the reformer freaked out and jumped out of the room. Then he invited his comrade-in-arms to drink coffee with him. But he ordered tea for himself, drank, complaining about the tasteless additives, and suddenly he became ill. "Poisoned," he collapsed in the hallway on the steps.

The legend about tea is not very hard to believe: Yegor Timurovich preferred whiskey to all drinks and could drink it in incredible quantities. And in Ireland, he certainly would not change his habit.

Gaidar, according to Genieva, spent several hours at the doctor's office, but no help was provided to him, since his pressure, temperature and pulse were normal. Although "he looked terrible." And here the whiskey version explains a lot. The doctors just left him alone.

He got up from the table, a glasses case in one hand, a telephone in the other. And fell down the stairs. His head was turned in some strange direction, the guard says. Gennady Volkov.

But before that, he told reporters not about the stairs, but about an unexpectedly detached blood clot. Like Chubais, whom Gaidar's wife called even before the ambulance was called.

The next day, an autopsy was performed and another cause of death was announced - pulmonary edema.

BY THE WAY: It is strange why Gaidar's associates, insisting on the version of an unsuccessful attempt to poison him in Dublin, completely denied the possibility of poisoning in Moscow. Is it because Yegor Timurovich spent his last dinner in a circle of friends and like-minded people?

Last bottle

According to Nemtsov, Gaidar easily "persuaded" a liter bottle of whiskey per evening. The latter was drunk at Rosnano, in the office of Anatoly Chubais.

Briefly, the reconstruction of events is as follows. On the evening of December 15, 2009, Gaidar, Chubais, and Evgeny Yasin discuss the concepts of textbooks on the latest Russian history for high school students and students. Further, the "testimonies" diverge. Gozman says that Gaidar left at 11 o'clock, while Chubais said that at 12 o'clock. And suddenly.

According to the documentarians, Gaidar went to dinner at a restaurant. In what and with whom - do not specify. It turns out that he returned to his dacha in the village of Dunino, Odintsovo district, somewhere at 2-3 o'clock in the morning. That is, Volkov and Gaidar spent time together until four in the morning. What did they do is the question. What's the question though? What can two healthy men do in the evening? Don't play with dolls.

It is only unclear why the "inversion of the neck in a strange direction" became known only now? Did he break it himself when he fell down the stairs, or did someone else?

In a word, continuous questions. But the fall on the steps looks symbolic. Equally symbolic is the fact that a mysterious deterioration in Gaidar's state of health in Ireland followed the day after the death of a comrade-in-arms poisoned in London with polonium-210. Boris Berezovsky- former FSB officer and dissident Alexandra Litvinenko. By the way, many then did not exclude the connection between these events.

Unproduced play

And here it would be nice to remember the political strategist Stanislav Belkovsky. After Gaidar's death, he wrote the satirical play Repentance. This is a story about the murder of a retired prime minister by his friends and associates. The characters have fictitious names: the name of the reformer is Igor Tamerlanovich Kochubey, some Dedushkin, Gotslieberman, Tol, Polevoy and others flash by. But reviewers recognize them as Yasin, Gozman, Chubais and a businessman deputy Andrey Lugovoi, whom the UK Crown Prosecution Service suspected of poisoning Litvinenko. Tea with polonium in the play causes transient pulmonary edema in the hero.

The play was not staged.

Why all this forgotten history revived right now? Time has passed, and it has become possible to speak about what earlier, for a number of reasons, had to be silent. After all, the Minister of Defense Serdyukov removed immediately. So here. Punishment, if not criminal, then moral is becoming more and more inevitable. After this, they will stop greeting Gaidar's friends even in their beloved State Department.

Today, many with a shudder recall the dashing 90s, when millions of people were forced to experience all the hardships of the transition period from socialism to capitalism. One of the key figures in the political arena of that time was Yegor Gaidar. Although 5 years have passed since the death of this politician, disputes over the economic reforms carried out according to the plan developed by him still do not subside.

Yegor Gaidar: biography, nationality of parents

The name of this politician former USSR was known to every schoolchild, since millions of Soviet children were brought up on the example of the heroes of books written by his grandfather, Arkady Golikov. In the years civil war he fought in the ranks of the Red Army, and while serving in Khakassia, he got the nickname Gaidar. Later, the writer took him as a surname, which then passed to his son from his second marriage with Leah Lazarevna Solomyanskaya - Timur, and then to his grandson. Thus, Yegor Gaidar's father is Russian only on his father's side, and on his mother's side he has Jewish roots.

Timur Arkadyevich was born in 1926 and devoted his entire life to the Soviet Navy, rising to the rank of Rear Admiral. At the same time, he received a second higher education at the faculty of journalism VPA them. Lenin, and after completing his military career, he worked as a correspondent for the Pravda newspaper abroad. In 1955, he married the daughter of the famous Russian writer P. Bazhov, Ariadna Pavlovna, and in 1956 they had a son, Yegor Gaidar, whose biography, nationality and political activities are described below.

Childhood

Yegor Timurovich Gaidar (biography, the nationality of his parents you already know) was born in Moscow. As already mentioned, he was the grandson of two famous writers. As for the nationality of the politician, he considered himself Russian.

At an early age, Yegor ended up in Cuba, where his father was sent as a correspondent for the Pravda newspaper. There he met Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, who visited the house where Yegor Gaidar's family lived.

In 1966, the boy was taken to Yugoslavia, where he got acquainted with literature banned in the USSR, and also discovered the true, unperverted meaning economic works Marx and Engels.

In 1971, the family returned to the capital, and Yegor Gaidar began to attend school number 152, which he graduated from with a gold medal 2 years later. Having entered the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University, the young man began to study the issues of planning in the field of industry, and after receiving it he continued to improve his knowledge in graduate school.

Career and scientific activity in the pre-perestroika period

In 1980, Yegor Timurovich Gaidar defended his Ph.D. thesis on the mechanisms of self-financing, joined the ranks of the CPSU, of which he remained until the August year, and was assigned to the Research Institute for System Research.

There he began to work as part of a group of young scientists headed by the famous Soviet economist Stanislav Shatalin. Soon Gaidar and his colleagues, engaged in a comparative analysis of economic transformations in the countries of the socialist camp, formed a firm conviction in the need for fundamental reforms in the USSR.

In the same period, the scientist met Anatoly Chubais, and a circle of like-minded people formed around them, united by the desire for changes in the economic sphere.

In 1986, Yegor Gaidar, as part of a group led by Shatalin, was transferred to work at the Institute of Economics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in the scientific community, as a result of the policy of publicity announced by Gorbachev, it became possible to discuss issues related to preparations for the transition to market relations.

Work in the field of journalism

Gaidar's ideas of liberalizing the economy could have remained unknown to the general public if the scientist had not accepted the offer to become deputy editor of the Kommunist magazine, and a little later, head of the economic department of the Pravda newspaper. During this period of his activity, he actively promotes the idea of ​​reducing budget spending on areas that do not bring tangible benefits. At the same time, on initial stage In his career as a journalist, Gaidar was a supporter of gradual reforms that would be possible within the existing Soviet system.

Work as Acting Chairman of the Government of the RSFSR

On the famous August night in 1991, Yegor Gaidar participated in the defense of the White House. There he met the State Secretary of the RSFSR G. Burbulis. The latter persuaded B. Yeltsin to entrust the development of a program of economic reforms to the Gaidar group. In October 1991, it was presented at the 5th Congress of People's Deputies and received the approval of the delegates. A few days later, Gaidar Yegor Timurovich was appointed deputy chairman of the government of the RSFSR, in charge of the economic bloc, and on June 15, 1992, he became acting prime minister of the Russian Federation. He remained in this position until December 15, 1992 and played a key role in the creation of many state institutions RF, such as the tax and banking systems, customs, financial market and a number of others. At the same time, today Gaidar's critics blame him for the negative consequences of the reforms: the depreciation of the population's savings, hyperinflation, a decline in production, a sharp decline in the average standard of living, and an increase in income differentiation.

Political and parliamentary crises of 1993

Yegor Gaidar, whose biography contains mention not only of ups and downs, but also of falls, did not receive the support of the deputies of the 7th Congress of People's Deputies on the issue of his appointment as chairman of the country's government. This refusal to approve a politician for one of the most important positions in the state, along with a number of other reasons, led to the beginning of a political crisis.

From December 1992 to September 1993, Yegor Gaidar was engaged in scientific work. In addition, he advised the President of the Russian Federation on economic policy issues. The politician was one of the key figures during the year, a few days before which he was appointed deputy chairman of the Chernomyrdin government. It was he who addressed the Muscovites on television and urged them to gather near the building of the Moscow City Council. As a result, on the night of September 22, barricades appeared on Tverskaya, and by morning the White House was stormed, ending in victory for Yeltsin's supporters.

It soon turned out that Gaidar and Chernomyrdin had fundamental disagreements on critical issues economic policy of the country, so Yegor Timurovich submitted his resignation, having previously explained the motives for his action in a letter to the president.

Further activities

From December 1993 to the end of 1995, Gaidar was a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. In parallel with this, he headed the Democratic Choice of Russia party. During Chechen war Politician Yegor Gaidar opposed the hostilities and called on Boris Yeltsin to withdraw his candidacy for the next presidential term. However, after the publication of a plan for a peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in Chechnya, the party he leads supported the incumbent head of state.

In 1999, the Union of Right Forces bloc was formed. Gaidar's party also entered it. In the elections held in December this year, he was elected to the State Duma of the third convocation. During his work in the highest legislative body of the country, Gaidar participated in the development of the Budget and Tax Codes.

Death of a politician

IN last years life Yegor Gaidar had certain health problems. In particular, in 2006 he lost consciousness during a public speech in Ireland, was taken to the intensive care unit of one of the local hospitals and stayed there for several days. Since this event took place the day after A. Litvinenko was reported to have been poisoned with polonium, there were rumors in the press that Gaidar was also the victim of an assassination attempt. An investigation was carried out, but no sign of poison was found.

The death of Yegor Gaidar occurred on December 16, 2009 in his house, located in the village of Uspensky near Moscow. The famous scientist-economist at that time was only 53 years old. The children of Yegor Gaidar, in particular his daughter Maria, reported that their father had died of a heart attack. As for the doctors, they named the separation of a blood clot as the reason.

The funeral of the politician took place at the Novodevichy cemetery. Yegor Gaidar's wife and other members of his family did not want to disclose their date, so the burial took place without the presence of strangers.

Personal life

For the first time, Yegor Gaidar married quite early, at the age of 22. Irina Smirnova, whom the politician met at the age of 10, became the chosen one of the 5th year excellent student of the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University. As Yegor Gaidar himself later admitted, personal life during his postgraduate studies and in the first years of his work at the research institute, systemic research did not take shape. Therefore, even though he had two children in his first marriage, after the birth of his daughter, he began to think about divorce.

Some time later, Gaidar entered into a second marriage with Maria Strugatskaya. Thus, the politician became related to the famous Soviet science fiction writer Arkady Strugatsky, who became his father-in-law, and to the famous sinologist Ilya Oshanin, who was the grandfather of his wife. The second family of Yegor Gaidar lasted until his death, and in this marriage he had a son.

Children of Yegor Gaidar

As already mentioned, from the first marriage, the politician had two children: a son and a daughter. After the divorce of her parents, the girl remained with her mother, while her brother, Peter, Irina Smirnova agreed to leave her husband's parents, who doted on him.

In addition, the second wife of Yegor Gaidar, who had a son from a previous relationship, gave birth to another boy in her second marriage. This happened in 1990, and the child was named Pavel. He is the grandson and great-grandson of Arkady Gaidar and Pavel Bazhov.

Thus, the politician has only three biological children and one adopted child.

Maria Gaidar

Of all the children the policy is on this moment The daughter from her first marriage, Maria Gaidar, attracts the greatest interest in herself. After her parents divorced at the age of 3, the girl stayed with her mother, who soon remarried. When Masha was in the third grade, the family moved to Bolivia. Before the trip, the girl's surname was changed, and she became Smirnova. After 5 years, Maria, together with her mother and stepfather, returned to Moscow and began to attend a special school with a Spanish bias. She regained her surname Gaidar only at the age of 22, after graduating from the Academy of National Economy.

Having received a law degree, the girl changed several professions, having worked as a teacher, manager and planning expert, and then Yegor Gaidar's daughter tried herself as a presenter on the O2TV channel, and since 2008 - on the Ekho Moskvy radio station.

In parallel with this, Maria Egorovna was actively engaged in political activities and since 2006 has been a member of the URF Presidium. She always adhered to oppositional views and repeatedly became a participant in rallies and marches organized by opponents of the country's current authorities.

On March 26, 2009, the daughter of Yegor Gaidar became, however, in 2011, she announced her resignation due to her desire to continue her education in the United States, at the School of Public Administration. J. Kennedy at Harvard.

After returning from the States, Maria worked for some time in the government of Moscow, and then was nominated for deputies of the Moscow City Duma, but was not registered by the electoral committee due to the discovery of violations in the documents. This decision was challenged in court, but the latter upheld it.

In the summer of 2015, M. Gaidar was appointed deputy chairman of the Odessa regional administration on the recommendation of Mikhail Saakashvili, and a little later she renounced Russian citizenship.

The most important scientific works

Yegor Gaidar, whose biography you now know, no doubt played an important role in recent history our country. Its assessment has yet to be given to our descendants, however, one cannot detract from the merits of this politician as a scientist, many of whose ideas were confirmed after his death.

Among the most interesting scientific works of Yegor Gaidar are:

• the book "The State and Evolution", dedicated to the relationship between power and property in the Russian state;
• the work "Anomalies of Economic Growth", which examines the causes of the collapse of the socialist economy;
• the article "On the reform of global financial institutions", etc.

At the moment, the work “The Fall of the Empire”, written in 2006, is of particular interest. There, Gaidar predicted the possibility of a crisis that could arise due to fluctuations in oil prices.