The annual population of America is. Ethnic composition of the USA: description, features and interesting facts
Table note:
- The population is taken into account only within the boundaries of the modern Russian Federation.
- Conditional borders of the Russian Federation:
- As of 1646, 1719, 1851, all counties and provinces, with the exception of Central Asian, Transcaucasian, Polish, Baltic, Little Russian, Belarusian and Novorossiysk (including Crimea). The population of Primorye and Tuva is also not taken into account.
- As of 1897: 45 central, Siberian and North Caucasian provinces, with the exception of Central Asian, Transcaucasian, Polish, Baltic, Little Russian, Belarusian and Novorossiysk (including Crimea).
- As of 1926: Russian SFSR minus the Kazakh, Kirghiz and Crimean ASSRs and Tuva.
- As of 1939: RSFSR minus the Crimean ASSR and Tuva.
- As of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989: the borders of the RSFSR.
Current demographic situation
According to the annual report of the United Nations Population Fund for 2004, a demographic crisis took place in Russia. The total fertility rate was 1.539.
Rosstat on the census 2010 website published preliminary data on the results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census. According to these official figures, the population of Russia was 142,905,200.
In January-April 2011, a decrease in the birth rate in Russia was recorded compared to the same period in 2010 (by 14.1%). Mortality also decreased by 20.6%.
National composition
| National composition (2002) | |
|---|---|
| Russians | 79,8 % |
| Tatars | 3,8 % |
| Ukrainians | 2,0 % |
| Bashkirs | 1,2 % |
| Chuvash | 1,1 % |
| Chechens | 0,9 % |
| Armenians | 0,8 % |
| Other | 10,4 % |
According to the 2002 census, representatives of more than 180 nationalities (ethnic groups) live in Russia. The importance of this fact is reflected in the preamble to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. About 80% of the population of Russia are Russians. Russians are unevenly settled throughout the country: in some regions, such as Ingushetia, they make up less than 5% of the population.
According to the 2002 census, the total population of Russia is 145 million 166 thousand 731 people (141.9 million people as of April 1, 2008).
resettlement
The majority of Russia's population is concentrated in the main settlement zone, a triangle whose vertices are St. Petersburg in the north, Sochi in the south, and Irkutsk in the east. To the north of this triangle of favorable climatic conditions is the zone of taiga and permafrost; to the southeast of it stretch semi-deserts and deserts.
Less than a quarter of the population lives in Siberia, whose area is almost 3/4 of the territory of Russia. Western and central parts European Russia most densely populated and urbanized. The largest cities of Russia and traditional centers of culture and industry are located in these regions. In the Urals, the population is concentrated mainly between the cities of Nizhny Tagil and Magnitogorsk. In Siberia, the population is concentrated along the route of the Trans-Siberian Railway, on which its largest cities are located - Omsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk and on the territory of the Kuznetsk coal basin. As of January 1, 2010, there are 11 cities in Russia with a population of more than 1 million people: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Rostov-on-Don, Ufa.
Based on the 2002 Russian census data, the coordinates of the population center were determined: according to the calculation of V. S. Kusov - 56 ° 48'N 51 ° 15' E, according to the calculation of A. K. Gogolev - 56 ° 34'N 53 ° 30' E ( south of Izhevsk). The distance between the center of population and the geographic center was thus about 1740 km in 2002 versus 2400 km in 1897.
see also
Notes
- . All population data are presented for the current borders of the Russian Federation. The results up to 1939 inclusive correspond to the actual population of Russia, after - to the permanent population. More: Population Retrieved April 27, 2008.
- Keppen P. Ninth revision: a study on the number of inhabitants in Russia in 1851 - St. Petersburg. , 1857. - S. XIII.
- Vodarsky Ya. E. The population of Russia at the end of the 17th - beginning of the 18th centuries - M .: Nauka, 1977. - S. 191-192.
- Kabuzan V.M. The peoples of Russia in the 18th century: Number and ethnic composition - M ., 1990. - S. 84-86, 225-230.
- Mironov B. N. Social history of Russia in the period of the empire (XVIII - early XX century). Genesis of personality, democratic family, civil society and the rule of law. In 2 vols. - St. Petersburg. , 1999 T. 1. - S. 20.
- Demoscope Weekly App
- Population for January since 1959 . federal Service state statistics. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
- 1 2 3
In search of a better life, settlers went and go to America. However, the density is still significantly lower than in other developed countries (with a few exceptions).
Indigenous people - Indians
The territory of the current United States was inhabited by Indians before European colonization. About 400 tribes numbering up to 2-3 million people were settled throughout American soil.
European colonies began to form in this territory in the 16th and 17th centuries. The main colonizers were the British: the British, the Irish, the Scots. However, representatives of other nationalities also rushed from Europe to the American continent: Swedes, Dutch, French and others.
The indigenous population - the Indians - were practically exterminated. Those who did not die were settled on reservations. By the beginning of the 20th century, the number of Indians was reduced to 200 thousand people. However, they are also part of the US population.
Active immigration
The most massive movement of immigrants to America took place in the middle of the 19th century. In Europe at that time there was a very unstable situation, both economically and socially. About four million people arrived in the United States during this period. Mostly they were Irish and Germans.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, many blacks came to America as slaves from the African continent. By the middle of the 19th century, their number was already about 3.2 million people.
As a result, assimilation of all races and nationalities of the United States took place, the population continued to increase.
During the years of the War of Independence, the influx of immigrants stopped, but then resumed and continued to grow at an accelerated pace. It is estimated that between 1820 and 2000 approximately seventy million people came to America.
Immigration barrier
To stop the flow of overseas immigration, the United States began to issue special laws regulating entry into the country. The first of them was adopted in the 20s of the 20th century. Although he limited the influx of immigrants, but not so significantly. The number of immigrants from Europe and Asia has decreased, but their number from the countries of the American continent has increased.
In 1965, a new immigration law further restricted entry into the States. Strict quotas have been set for different groups of countries. Only scientists, skilled workers of rare professions, relatives of American citizens enjoyed the priority right to enter. Now, on average, about 1 million migrants come annually.
USA: population
According to the 2010 census, the US population was about 309 million. The 300 millionth inhabitant of this country was born in 2006. The annual population growth (natural and migration) exceeds three million people.
Today the US population is 320 million people. In terms of population, this country ranks third in the world after China and India, which have already crossed the figure of 1 billion. By the way, the Russian Federation in this list, it ranks 9th with a number that is almost two times less than in the States.
The racial composition of the US population is roughly characterized as follows: whites - 78%, blacks - 13.1%, Asians - 5%, Indians, Aleuts and Eskimos - 1.2%. Among whites, 16.7% are Hispanics. Among immigrants (data from the Census Bureau for 2006), there were 169,197 million Europeans. The Slavs are represented mostly by Ukrainians and Poles.
Wide open spaces
The US population density is far from the highest in the world (16,500 people/sq. km, Monaco). On the contrary, this country occupies one of the last places in this indicator among the developed countries of the world. Second only to Austria and Canada. The US population density averages 33.1 people per square kilometer.
Of course, the inhabitants are not equally distributed throughout the country. This is primarily due to the history of US land development and favorable living conditions. began in the northeast - on the Atlantic coast and in the Lake District. These are the most populated areas in the United States today. The population density there reaches 100 people per 1 sq. km. km, in some states (New Jersey, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and others) this figure is even higher - 250-350 people/sq. km.
As you move away from the coast, the population density decreases. The mountain states, for example, Wyoming and Colorado, are sparsely populated (from 2 to 12 people per sq. km). But the least people, of course, are in Alaska - 0.3 people / sq. km.
Urbanization of the population
It could also be attributed to predominantly rural countries. However, then rapid urbanization began in America. Now the question of what kind of population in the United States can be answered: predominantly urban.
Although cities and their suburbs occupy only about six percent of the country's territory, it is there that most of population - 74%. In this regard, California is particularly indicative, where the urban population is 91%. The Mid-Atlantic states are not far behind - more than 80%. The states of the Central Plains and the south of the country are considered agrarian and less populated. Although the urbanization of the latter is gaining momentum.
There are many small towns in the United States, but most of the urban population is in metropolitan areas. Ten US cities have a population of over a million people. The largest of them is New York. Its population is almost 8.5 million people. The second and third places are occupied by Los Angeles (about four million) and Chicago (about three million). Closes the top ten "millionaires" San Jose (1 million 200 thousand people).
Agglomerations and metropolitan areas of the USA
The highest population density in the United States is in agglomerations and metropolitan areas.
More than three hundred agglomerations are formed in the United States of America. Each of them includes a central city with a population of at least fifty thousand people and its suburbs.
The largest agglomeration in the United States, which is also the second largest in the world, is New York. It includes not only New York with its suburbs, but also seven others. Its total area is about thirty-one thousand kilometers, and its population is about twenty-one million people.
Continuing to grow, agglomerations began to form megalopolises. So, on the Atlantic coast of the United States, a large area (two hundred kilometers wide and a thousand kilometers long) of continuous development has formed, combining the agglomerations of Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York and Boston. More than forty million people live in this megalopolis, which is called so: Boswash.
Insignificantly inferior in size and population to Boswash are the two largest megalopolises in the United States. These are Chipitts and San San. These three metropolitan areas are home to half of the urban population of the United States.
Other characteristics of the population
How many people in the US, we already know. It remains to be said that there are more women among Americans than men. The average life expectancy for the fair sex is 81 years, for strong half humanity - 75 years.
The average annual birth rate is declining. Currently, it is 14 babies per 1000 inhabitants.
The religious composition of the population is dominated by Christians. More than half are Protestants (51.3%), Catholics - 23.9%. Of course, there are Jews, and Muslims, and Buddhists.
Is English (it is somewhat different from the classic version).
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How many Russians live in America in 2018? According to the latest census, there are more than 3 million Russian Yankees in the United States, more than 400,000 of whom were born outside the country. Thus, if you do not take into account illegal immigrants, the number of immigrants from Russia is approximately 1% of the US population.
Russians according to the census in America
The leader in the number of Russian-speakers is confidently New York.
More than 1.5 million citizens live in the suburbs of the metropolis. Directly in New York, the Russian population is about 600 thousand. This is as much as 8% of all residents of the city.
World population density
If we compare the data, it turns out that our compatriots in this large metropolis are much larger than the inhabitants of the Middle Kingdom or Dominicans (760 thousand and 620 thousand, respectively).
The second place in the United States in terms of the number of immigrants from Russia belongs to California.
Southern California "occupied" about 600 thousand of our countrymen.
It is worth noting that the majority of immigrants from the countries of the former Soviet Union are classified as Russian-speakers in the States. For a specific question in the questionnaire “what is your nationality”, the following data were announced:
For the CIS countries:
- Russians - 2,652,214 people;
- Ukrainians - 892,922 people;
- Belarusians - 25,639 people;
- The rest of the peoples of the former republics - 1,145,887 people.
In general, according to unconfirmed reports, there are approximately 5.5 million people in the United States who are fluent in Russian.
According to others - from 4 to 5.5 million.
Income of Russians in America
In general, it can be argued that the Russian population has a fairly good income. So, for example, in New York, our brethren have $47,000 a year for a family. An interesting fact is that the average income of native New Yorkers is $38,866 per year. Chinese - $42,199. Even 27% of Russian-speaking immigrants manage to earn more than $50,000 a year, and only 23% have an income of less than $25,000.
Such income can be explained by the high level of education of Russian-speaking people, 64% have at least a bachelor's degree or even higher.
Over 80% of our immigrants graduated high school, while people from other countries are far from these figures. In addition, the majority of Russians have a high desire to find money work and improve their educational level.
This is probably why many immigrants from Russia and the CIS countries find opportunities and ways to make money in this country, and these factors contribute to the popularity of this direction, especially among young people.
She goes to America not only to study, but also to earn good money. Given the fluctuations and instability of the exchange rate in recent times, the benefits of such a tour are obvious.
First modern people appeared on the territory of the United States 10,000 years ago, Indian tribes moved from Siberia to Alaska and then spread throughout the United States. Today's generation of US citizens do not reflect the primary picture, ethnic Americans are not genetically related to them at all, Americans today are immigrants from Western Europe, mainly Great Britain, and also from African countries.
Technically, only those who were already born in the United States can be called Americans, there is a large cultural and even economic gulf between Americans and recent immigrants, second-generation Americans have already been able to adapt to life in the United States, they receive a good education and have a chance for well-paid work. Since ancient times, in the United States, as in Great Britain, a class society has been established, but in the United States a class society is formed on material goods, while in the old world it is formed on the family in which a person was born.
US demographics, statistics
Over the past 60 years, the US population has grown by as much as from 1790 to 1950, over the years 65 million immigrants moved to the US from other continents, from 2000 to 2015, the US population increased by more than 10%. Today, more than half of Americans are white, immigrants from Western Europe, although there are exceptions, such as Hawaii. Next in number is the Negroid race, the Mongoloid, the Americanoid race.
Today, the US population according to official data is 320,480,000 people, in 2010 - 308,745,538, in 2000 - 281,421,906 people. These figures make the US the third largest country in the world.
Racial composition
So, the white population of the United States is 61.4%, Hispanics 16.7%, blacks 13.1%, Asians 5%, mixed nationalities 2.3%, Indians, Aleuts and Eskimos - 1.2%.
Population by state
The largest population in California 37253990 people in Texas lives 25145580 people in New York 19378150, Florida 18801350, Illinois 12830642, Pennsylvania 12702390, Ohio 11536530, Michigan 9883680, Georgia 9687655, North Carolina 9535483, New Jersey 8791894, Virginia 8001024 Washington 6724540, Massachusetts 6547629 Indiana 6483802, Arizona 6392017, Tennessee 6346105, Missouri 5988927, Maryland 5773552, Wisconsin 5686986, Minnesota 5303925, Colorado 5029196, Alabama 4779736, South Carolina 4625364, Louisiana 4533372, Kentucky 4339367, Oregon 3831074, Oklahoma 3751351 Connecticut 3574097, Iowa 3046355, Mississippi 2967297, Arkansas 2915918, Kansas 2853118, Utah 2763885, Nevada 2700551, New Mexico 2059179, West Virginia 1852994, Nebraska 1826341, ID 1567582, Hawaii 1360301, Rhode Island 1052567, Montana 989 415, DE 897 934 , South Dakota 814180, Alaska 710231, North Dakota 672591, Vermont 625741, DC, Wyoming 563626.
The states with the most white population are Vermont 95.3%, West Virginia 93.9%, Iowa 91.3%, Wyoming 90.7%, North Dakota 90.0%. Less specific gravity The white population is highest in Hawaii, where only 24.7% of the population is white, followed by the District of Columbia 38.5%, California 57.6%, Maryland 58.2%, Mississippi 59.1%, Georgia 59.7% , Louisiana 62.6%, New York 65.7%.
The majority of the black population in the state of Columbia is 50.7%, followed by Mississippi 37.0%, Louisiana 32.0%, Georgia 30.5%.
Less than one percent blacks in Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Vermont.
Most Asians live in Hawaii 38.6%, followed by the states of California 13.0%, New Jersey 8.3%, New York 7.3%, Nevada 7.2%. Less than one percent in Montana, West Virginia, Wyoming, South Dakota, Mississippi.
A greater number of representatives of the Indians and the peoples of Alaska live in Alaska 14.8%, New Mexico 9.4%, South Dakota 8.8%.
List of countries by population density
Mixed ethnic groups live in Hawaii 23.6%, Alaska 7.3%, Oklahoma 5.9%, California 4.9% Washington 4.7%.
Economically active population of the United States
According to the latest statistics, 155,000,000 people, or 51.2% of the US population, are economically active, and 147,000,000 people have jobs.
Urbanization and cities in the USA
81% of the US population lives in cities and suburbs, while worldwide this figure is only 54%. The most populous states are California and Texas, the US population is constantly shifting west and south, the most populous US city is New York.
U.S. fertility rate
The birth rate or fertility rate in the United States in 2015 is 1.86 children per woman, in the whole world this ratio is 2.1. For example, the birth rate in the United States is lower than in Western Europe, so in the UK 1.92, France 2.01. Austria 1.93. But it is worth noting that the growth rate of the birth rate in the United States is one of the highest for industrialized countries in the world.
Americans are a young nation, people under 20 make up 27.3% of the total population, yet people over 62 make up 12.8% of the population, average age US residents 36.8 years.
Today, 50.4% of newborns are ethnic minority groups. It is assumed that by 2043-2050 the number of whites in the US will become a minority. US population growth over recent decades is primarily due to Hispanics, who accounted for 48% of the nation's population growth.
The UN predicts that in 2050 there will be 402 million people chewing in the United States, in 2060 417 million. Similar rates are much higher than in the developed countries of Europe, for example, in Germany or even in Asian countries, Japan and South Korea where the population is decreasing.
Total fertility rate by race
The birth rate for white women in the US is 1,868, for blacks 1,883, for Asians 1,681, for Hispanics 2,149, for Alaska Natives and Indians 1,335, total 1,858.
Demographic history of the United States
Already in 1900, 76 million people lived in the United States, among them 88% white and 8,800,000 African Americans, with 90% of their descendants still living in the southern states, at that time there were only half a million Hispanics. The number of first generation immigrants living in the United States increased from 9.6 million in 1970 to 38 million in 2007.
Immigration to the USA
The United States has opened its doors to migrants since the 1990s, when one million people a year came to the country, while in the 1950s the figure did not exceed 250,000 people a year.
Non-Hispanic Americans were 97% in 1900 but are now a minority in 35 of the country's 50 largest cities.
The lowest birth rate in the US is in Rhode Island, 1,630.5 children per thousand women, the highest birth rate in Utah is 2,449.0 children per thousand women.
Accordingly, Utah is the youngest state, where the average age of the population is 29 years, Rhode Island is 39.2 years.
US population density
The highest population density in the District of Columbia is 4,088.4 people per square kilometer, followed by New Jersey 467.2, Puerto Rico 407.7, Rhode Island 392.7, Massachusetts 331.3, let's not forget about American Virgin Islands 305.9 and Guam 293.3, Connecticut 286.7, American Samoa 280.4, Maryland 235.8, Delaware 183.4, New York 161.0.
The most sparsely populated area is Alaska, 0.5 and Wyoming 2.3.
Cities in the USA
List of cities in the United States by population
The five largest cities in the US look like this: New York 8405837 people, Los Angeles 3792621, Chicago 2718782, Houston 2195914, Philadelphia 1553165.
Number of cities with a population of at least 100,000 people:
There are 70 such cities in California, 36 in Texas, 21 in Florida, 11 in Colorado, 10 in Arizona, 9 in North Carolina, 8 in Illinois, and 7 in Virginia and Washington.
In the United States, there are 9 of the 66 so-called global cities of the world. Global city or world city, alpha city, which is considered an important element of the world economic system and has an important cultural and political impact.
For example, in terms of population and agglomerations, in terms of high cost, gross domestic product, metro passenger traffic, Tokyo is in first place, in terms of the number of foreigners Dubai, in terms of the length of the Shanghai metro, in terms of air travel Atlanta, in terms of the number of billionaires Moscow.
So the largest number of billionaires in US cities live in New York and Los Angeles, the second being far behind the first, but in terms of gross product, Los Angeles is not far behind the leader of New York, followed by Chicago and Philadelphia.
Air travel after Atlanta is followed by Chicago, Los Angeles, Dallas and Denver. The longest subway in New York by a wide margin from other cities.
The most expensive city in the US is New York, but still it is only in 8th place in the world, and even behind Moscow, which is in third place. So in the first place in terms of the high cost of living is Tokyo, then Osaka, in fourth place is Geneva, then Hong Kong, Zurich, Copenhagen, New York, Beijing, Singapore.
The richest Americans are Asians, the poorest are African Americans, their average incomes are two times lower than those of Asians.
The largest number of foreigners live in the city of Miami, the gap from other cities is very significant.
There are 51 urban areas in the United States with a population of over one million people.
250 million Americans live in cities or suburbs.
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traveling
The number, composition and population density of the United States. How many people are in the USA?
In search of a better life, immigrants traveled to America. However, the US population density is still much lower than in other developed countries (with a few exceptions).
Indigenous peoples - Indians
The territory of the current United States before European colonization was settled by the Indians.
About 400 tribes with a population of up to 2-3 million people were settled throughout the country.
European colonies began to form in this area in the 16th and 17th centuries. The main colonizers were the British: the British, the Irish and the Scots.
However, representatives of other nationalities also left Europe for the American continent: Swedes, Dutch, French and others.
Indigenous peoples - Indians - were almost exterminated. Those who didn't die were booked. By the beginning of the 20th century, the number of Indians had dropped to 200,000. However, they are also part of the US population.
Active immigration
The largest immigrant migration to America occurred in mid-nineteenth century.
At that time, the situation in Europe was economically and socially very unstable. Approximately four million people arrived in the United States during this period. Mostly Irish and Germans.
In the XVII and XVIII centuries many black women arrived in America as slaves from the African continent. By the middle of the 19th century, their number was about 3.2 million people.
Consequently, the same races and nationalities of the United States of America, the number of people continued to grow.
During the Revolutionary War, the influx of immigrants stopped and then continued and continued to grow at a faster rate.
It is estimated that there were about seventy million people in America from 1820 to 2000.
Immigration restriction
To stop the flow of overseas immigration into the United States, he began to issue special laws to regulate entry into the country. The first of these was adopted in the 1920s. Although this limited the influx of immigrants, but not so important. This reduced the number of immigrants from Europe and Asia, but their number increased from both Americans.
In 1965 new law on immigration restricted access to countries.
There were strict quotas for different groups of countries. The priority right to enter was used only by scientists, skilled workers of rare professions, relatives of American citizens. Currently, about 1 million immigrants come to the United States each year.
USA: population
According to the 2010 general census, the US population was approximately 309 million.
Three hundred million inhabitants of this country were born in 2006. The annual population growth (natural and migration) exceeds three million people.
The American population today is 320 million people. In terms of population, this country is the third country in China and India, which has already exceeded one billion.
By the way, the Russian Federation ranks 9th in this list, which is almost half that of the United States.
The rough composition of the US population is approximately typical: white - 78%, black - 13.1%, Asian - 5%, Indians, Aleuts and Eskimos - 1.2%.
Among white people, 16.7% are Hispanics. Among immigrants (data from the Bureau of the Census for 2006), Europeans number 169,197 million people. The Slavs are mainly represented by Ukrainians and Poles.
Wide open spaces
The US population density is far from the highest in the world (16,500 people per square kilometer, Monaco).
On the contrary, this country is among the developed countries of the world one of the last places in this indicator. Only Austria and Canada are worse than her. The population density in the United States averages 33.1 people per square kilometer.
Of course, the population is unevenly distributed throughout the country. This is mainly due to the history of land development in the United States and favorable living conditions. The colonization of America began in the northeast - on the Atlantic coast and in the Lakeside region.
Today, these are the most populated areas of the United States. The population density reaches 100 people per 1 sq. km. Km. km, in some countries (New Jersey, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, etc.) this figure is even higher - 250-350 people / sq. km. km.
The population density decreases with distance from the coast. The mountain, for example, Wyoming and Colorado, is slightly populated (from 2 to 12 people per square kilometer). But the least of all people, of course, in Alaska - 0.3 people / sq. Km. km.
Urbanization of the population
At the beginning of the 20th century, the US was still referred to as a country that was mostly rural. But then, in America, rapid urbanization began. Now you can answer the question of what kind of population is in the US: mostly urban.
Although cities and their suburbs occupy only about six percent of the country's territory, the majority of the population is concentrated - 74%.
Especially indicative in this regard is California, where the urban population is 91%. The Mid-Atlantic countries are not far behind at more than 80%. Agrarian and less settled are the states of the Middle Plains and the south of the country. Although the urbanization of the latter is increasing significantly.
There are many cities in the USA, but a large crowd of the urban population is in megans. More than a million people live in ten US cities.
The largest of them is New York. Its population is about 8.5 million people. The second and third places are occupied by Los Angeles (about four million) and Chicago (about three million).
Close the top ten millionaires in San Jose (1 million 200 thousand people).
Agglomeration and metropolitan areas in the United States
The highest population density in the United States is associated with metropolitan areas and megans.
More than three hundred agglomerations are being formed in the United States.
Each of them includes a central city with a population of at least fifty thousand people and its suburbs. 
The largest agglomeration of the United States, the second largest in the world, is New York. It includes not only the New York metropolitan area, but also seven other major cities.
2.3 Population distribution
Its total area is about thirty thousand kilometers, and the population is about twenty-one million people.
They continued to grow, agglomerations began to form megacities. Thus, on the Atlantic coast of the United States, a large area (two hundred kilometers wide and one thousandth) has formed a solid structure that integrates the Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and Boston metropolitan areas.
More than forty million people live in this metropolis, which are called so: Boswash.
In addition, the two largest metropolitan areas in the United States are smaller in size and population than Boswash. These are Chipits and San San. Half of the urban population of the United States lives in these three metropolitan areas.
Other characteristics of the population
How many people in the US already know.
It still needs to be said that there are more women than men among Americans. The average life expectancy of honest sex is 81 years, for the strong half of humanity - 75 years. 
The average annual birth rate is declining.
Currently, there are 14 children per 1,000 inhabitants.
The religious composition of the population is dominated by Christians. More than half are Protestants (51.3%), Catholics - 23.9%.
Of course, there are Jews, Muslims and Buddhists.
The official language of the United States is English (slightly different from the classic version).
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"Russians in America" America and Americans
life style
family
American conservative politicians love to talk about family values. The problem is that no American knows exactly what it is.
Americans are divorced, procreate, homosexual couples produce and receive children, and one-third of the population lives alone.
American weddings are more like serial monogamy than a lifetime, especially in big cities. Nearly half of marriages end in separation. However, this figure is misleading: some, such as the Elizabeth Taylor Hilton Todd Fisher-Burton Barton-Warner Forten weld, take place almost every year, but one-third of Americans again due to a wedding that is no longer a cutter.
The remnant, who tried several spouses, finally calmed down. Approximately ten percent of men and five percent of women are not married at all
By "family" Americans understand the classic set of mothers, fathers and children.
The fact that such families are becoming less frequent does not affect their views.
The essential characteristic of the ideal family is the inactive woman, the caring economic mother who greets the children from school with fresh homemade cookies. Such mothers still appear, but they die like mammoths. Eighty percent of women between the ages of 25 and 35 will work every day for one simple reason: they need money.
Children surrender to Kindergarten or relatives or neighbors; older children go to school and then on to a longer day.
Acting parents, especially those with responsible jobs, spend hours with their children and grow them not in quantity but in quality.
Children learn to be independent and circumspect, and in their youth they give them a sense of dignity. American parents treat their offspring with great courtesy, but you don't expect any European parents, “What do you want with breakfast, fruit, or rice balls?
Is enough milk enough? Okay, okay, okay, I'm going to take this dish out and put it in a bowl of teddy bear. “Culture oriented culture, all kinds of Donald Dhaka and Barney dinosaurs are infiltrating every home, complicating conversations and spilling out of TV screens. All evenings and weekends are for children. Homework in American schools is trivial, so kids have plenty of time to lie in front of the TV for hours and hours.
A baby (i.e. babysitter) is an expensive treatment and is found out when all the teens are working at McDonald's.
That's why American parents have babies everywhere, including cocktail parties, movies, and weddings.
Children must be protected from all possible risks and dangers. An American child gets his first bike helmet as a gift along with his first bike. The government carefully checks each player: if he does not follow the instructions, will he suffer?
The days of children's chem kits and suckers have long since sunk into eternity. In physical education classes, instead of American football, European football is played in safer football, and all towers have disappeared from public pools under pressure from insurance companies.
On the other hand, in many families, as soon as the children acquire a license (usually at the age of sixteen), cars are bought. Surprisingly, you need to pay for insurance, but since there is practically no public transport, your mother comes here several hours every day. Such a shower, home children grow up to be true Americans - arrogant, narcissistic, persistent, cheerful, dreaming of one thing: now that your ancestors are getting rid of them, ordering them something deadly.
Eternal teenagers
For many Americans, the best years of life are higher grades from fifteen to eighteen. Teenagers do not bear any responsibility, many opportunities to earn pocket money and spend energy to procrastinate and misbehave.
Many of them came alive at this stage of life, dressed up and running from all duties to the oldest dementia.
Every American dream is to become a famous athlete, such as basketball player Michael Jordan or football player Joe Montana (both, by the way, are also rich, this is also not a detrimental quality).
Every Sunday the playground is crowded with old home jocks chasing the ball and pretending they will easily become experts, if not for the unfortunate need of feeding the family.
Americans dream of movie stars or models heading to beauty salons on the weekends, trying to outdo Polina Porizhkova and Cindy Crawford.
Also, leave the Dream House, for example, to redecorate the guest bathroom, drawer for embroidery tables, or roll a dozen or two glasses of tomatoes. A lady named Martha Stewart, head and owner of a magazine that has made an orderly fortune, teaches American ladies about dyed leaves, grows parsley, and makes a crown of dried flowers.
However, American women rarely come into action. They spend all their time dreaming, which they can do in principle.
Intimate details
All Americans know that no matter what their sex life is, they can improve a lot. Books on how to get more joy from intimate relationships are selling like hotcakes, and every self-respecting lady magazine publishes a monthly article on how to do it better.
Confused and avoiding these topics, he is now not accepted.
But talking with talk and shame isn't going anywhere. In fact, Americans are incredibly clean. In most countries, the law prohibits the movement of nude in public places, he must not appear on the beach without a bathing suit that meets at least the minimum dignity; in particular, this applies to men - on average, American bathing pants are three times larger than European swim trunks.
Nudists and Topless, and a woman who took off her bra on a public beach, risked being locked up (although a New Yorker recently sued for the right to ride an underground rail up to the waist if they so desired).
Adultery is common, but not approved by the company. The American moral ideal, which has nothing to do with American real life, is a marriage for life between two virgins.
The most complex moral demands are placed on political leaders. Therefore, all political scandals based on gender are hidden and harmless, and not in other countries.
It is not normal in America to admit that you were guilty of this site, much less that you liked it.
All this advertising does not mean that Americans know what they are doing. Condoms, once crammed into long drugstore shelves, are now sold at every gas station and cost a newspaper, but conservative parents still try to get schools to teach sex education because they say it's immoral.
As a result, many Americans do not know how mammals reproduce.
US population
Therefore, a large number of pregnant teenage girls.
Intimacy in the service of Americans is worse than bitter radish, since the slightest suspicion of the slightest sexual harassment threatens the court. Auto mechanics no longer hang clothes on the walls of the garage - it's forbidden, and the boss who told the secretary a fat joke is threatening to quit his job.
Lately, Americans have been slowly learning that men and women are intimately tied to intimacy, and a recent study has shown that it is in the genes. Now the damned man can come and say, “My gold, I have nothing to do with this. It's all genes."
manners
Good behavior strikes Americans because they themselves have the worst ways.
IN last years middle-class parents are finally concerned that their offspring not only know which fork they use for lunch, but prefer to choose forks. Well, perhaps in part, the fact is that you mostly deal with your friends at fast food, not at the family table.
And Americans became interested in ways: Bonton schools sprang up like mushrooms, where young savages were taught to behave in the correct, exemplary and American style.
Previously, I had to invent rules of behavior for all unpredictable cases. How do you introduce the happy young couple to your friends—his son and his friend? How should the fathers of the bride behave during the wedding ceremony? Should he deliver his kids on their first date with a new suitor?
Americans thrive to match almost gross rudeness with genuine concern for others.
They cried in public, shampooing at the table, cutting each other off at crossroads without hitting the last cake from the plate. At the same time, donate generously to charity, love animals, and try to help the poor.
Numerous shades of American behavior are regional. New Yorkers are friendly, but business is considered rude and impatient, and spiritual people from the Midwest are so tight that they spend half an hour surviving when they buy a bar of soap.
smoking
Americans do not like smokers, they simply cannot support them, and since these people are not distinguished by modesty, you will explain at every step how they do not like them. In some parts of the country it is better to shoot immediately and hang rather than smoke.
Smoking is a kind of class indicator that separates workers from their superiors. Happy Village Inns Don't breathe smoke, but if you see a smoker in the lobby of the Ritz-Carlton, you can bet that a German or Japanese tourist or co-owner of tobacco companies is suggesting what would be another place to invest money.
Guards, I'm late!
Americans (especially those from big cities) look like the rabbit from Alice and Wonders: they always check their watches when it's not too late. And, of course, it is too late, especially since the rich and powerful Americans are known.
Highly ranked Americans are concerned about how they know how expensive it is. Lawyers charge every six minutes; for a man who makes eighty million a year, consumes two or three minutes of empty memories, throws thousands of dollars into the wind, and he fully understands this.
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Histogram 2.3.1. US age and sex pyramid, 2014
Thus, the general trend of current shifts in the sex and age structure of the US population can be characterized as the formation of a kind of “layer cake”, in which the proportion of younger children is decreasing. age groups, which in turn is compensated by its growth in the next age category.
Chapter III.
US population policy
In this chapter, I will present a small implementation experience population policy in the United States and try to compare it with the current demographic policy of Russia on its basis.
US population - isn't it crowded for Americans?
Experience in the implementation of population policy in the United States
Almost all countries of the world recognize the need for a demographic policy. State control over processes
birth rate is carried out regardless of the demographic situation in the country and the growth rate of its population.
After all, the main goal of demographic policy is not only to change the demographic situation as a whole, but also to support existing demographic trends. For economically developed countries, it is typical to carry out demographic policy exclusively by economic measures in the form of various monetary subsidies.
In the United States, there is virtually no state demographic policy in the traditional interpretation.
Here is the relation to demographic issues can be defined as egalitarian, i.e. based on adherence to the principles of democracy and social justice, as well as respect for human rights. Citizens in the issue of childbearing are given complete freedom of choice, i.e. preference is given to the individual decisions of each family, and any coercive measures and imposed conditions are excluded.
Families with children are usually provided indirect assistance in the form of various tax benefits.
Favorable in the US demographic situation- this is a significant advantage that will be realized by American society not only now, but also in the future. Thus, in the 90s of the last century, there were record-breaking migration inflows of the population, which amounted to almost 11 million people. A significant part of the migrants are people of working and childbearing age, of which 2/3 of the migrants are from Latin America and Asia with large families.
As a result, over the past 20 years, the population in the United States has been growing due to the stabilization of the birth rate, and therefore the indicator of the United States is the leader among economically developed countries, while ensuring an expanded reproduction of the population.
Under the current conditions, the US government can afford not to force the adoption of new legislation on the family and not to take special measures to increase the birth rate.
However, there is a need to consider US social policy. For a long time, the ideology of US social policy has been composed of many principles, namely:
- work ethics as a basic element of the value system;
- liberal individualism as the highest value;
- the influence of social Darwinism showing that the survival of the fittest is a natural process;
- freedom of the family as a private institution, renunciation of state interference in family affairs;
- a certain justification for racism, and so on.
In this way, social politics The United States comes down to a large extent to social support for the most needy people.
Currently, material support for American families is implemented through a system of tax incentives and loans:
- standard tax deductions and loans for each child;
- tax credits for paying for childcare services;
- tax credits for adoption (adoption), etc.
Thus, the provision of tax credits in the United States increases incentives to work, as wages become an additional source of income for American families.
At the same time, obtaining loans requires an in-depth knowledge and understanding of the US tax system, and therefore this system is not easily accessible to the most needy Americans. In addition, tax credits can only be obtained once a year, that is, at the end of the tax period, and not when there is a need for them.
Possibilities of applying US population policy in Russia
Conclusion
Bibliography
Number and National composition population
North America is the mainland of the indigenous inhabitants of the Indians who inhabited the territory of the United States before European colonization. The total number of Indian tribes, and they numbered about $400$, was $2$-$3$ million people. They spread throughout the entire continent. During the colonization of the mainland in the $17th century, there were approximately $250$ thousand Europeans who settled in two settlements - Jamestown and Plymouth. By the middle of the next century, the number of colonists had already increased to $1.5 million. In $1790, according to the first census, there were already $3.9 million people living here.
In $1990$, $249 million lived in the United States, and according to the official US population counter - "Official population clock", $323.3 million people live in the country as of January 1, 2016$. After China and India, the United States is in third place in terms of population. The main colonizers of American territory were the British - the British, the Irish, the Scots. In addition to them, there were representatives of other nationalities - Swedes, Dutch, French, Germans, etc. The indigenous people were exterminated or settled on reservations, so by the beginning of the XX$ century their number had decreased to $200 thousand people.
Remark 1
The modern American nation is a young multi-ethnic entity. It has developed in the process of long-term cultural, economic, social and domestic interaction. There was a mixture and assimilation of the descendants of people of different ethnic origin. In the US population, all three main races of humanity are represented - Mongoloid, Caucasian, Negroid.
Most of the inhabitants of the United States are white Americans, immigrants from british isles. The main percentage of which lives in the states of Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire, West Virginia, Iowa, Idaho, Wyoming, Minnesota, North Dakota.
Self-identified German Americans, according to the census, make up $17.1% of the population or $50 million people. These settlers from Germany or Alsace form the largest group, comprising $1/3$ of the German diaspora in the world.
Hispanics those of European origin are also white Americans.
The racial and ethnic minority in the country are African Americans from West and Central Africa. These are the descendants of enslaved blacks. I must say that immigrants from Africa, the Caribbean, Central and South America can identify themselves with this term.
The approximate racial composition of the US population is as follows:
- White population from different regions - $75$%;
- African-Americans - $12.5%;
- Asian Americans - $4.5%;
- Indigenous people, including the inhabitants of Alaska - $ 0.8 $%;
- Mixed and transitional races - $ 7.5 $%;
- Residents of the Hawaiian Islands - $0.2$%.
Distribution of the population across the country
The distribution of the American population is connected with the geography of cities, the number of which is growing rapidly. For example, in the middle of the last century there were $170 of urban agglomerations in the country, and at the end of the $80s there were already about $300 of them. It is interesting that in the country of cities with millionaires only $8$. Millionaires include New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Houston, Philadelphia, Detroit, Dallas, San Diego. And there are 35 millionaire agglomerations. This suggests that America is a country of urban agglomerations and the bulk of the population, about $80%, lives in cities. Since the $50s, the country has seen the emergence of large urban formations, called megalopolises.
Currently, there are three largest metropolitan areas in the country:
- Northeast, stretching from Boston to Washington - "Boswash";
- Lakeside - located between Chicago and Pittsburgh - "Chipits";
- California - located between San Francisco and San Diego - "San-san".
As for the rural population, it prefers to live on separately located farms. The conditions and life of rural residents are not much different from city dwellers. In the south-east of the country, rural settlements are more compact and numerous. The population is distributed unevenly throughout the country, and its average density is $23 per person. per sq. km. Excluding remote Alaska, the density increases to $30$ people. per sq. km. The American population density is about $10$ times lower than the European density. In the world density ranking, the US is $18$, ahead of Brazil and Russia in this respect. The most densely populated are the northeastern regions of the country, where the population density reaches $100 per person. per sq. km. Mountainous and agricultural areas have a lower density - from $2$-$11$ people. per sq. km. Alaska has the lowest population density.
The overall picture of population density can be represented as follows:
- In the states of the Atlantic coast, the population density maximum;
- Minimum density is characteristic of mountain states;
- In the states of the Pacific coast, the density is again increases.
Internal migrations of the population
The American nation is very mobile, and this is manifested in the fact that every $5$-th American annually changes his place of residence, moving from one state to another. Settlers are moving in all directions, although here we can see a tendency to move to the West for a long time. California was especially attractive, so its population increased by $21.2 million people and its share in the country's population increased from $3 to $10%. The western direction of migrations coincided with the movement of the population from the southern states to the North of the United States. This direction of migration was associated with the outflow of the Negro population from the rural districts of the South to large northern cities. The southern states for many decades had a negative migration balance, with the exception of Florida with a favorable climate. The decline in population growth in the $70s markedly changed the trend of internal migration - the flow of immigrants to California sharply decreased, and movement from the northern states to the southern ones increased. If in the $50$ years the population of the northern and southern states had a ratio of $55$:$45$, then in 1990 this ratio changed to $45$:$55$. The fastest growing population of three states - California, Texas, Florida.
The reasons for such migration flows are:
- The shift of productive forces to the South and West of the country, which is associated with the development of the electronic and aerospace industries;
- Migration of pensioners. People of retirement age are attracted to the South by better natural and climatic conditions, land and housing prices, and lower living costs.
Statistics show that the cities of Las Vegas, Houston, Austen, Phoenix, Denver, Orlando, Atlanta turned out to be attractive for migrants. A number of these cities are turning into "cities of pesioners."
Migration flows of representatives of different racial-ethnic and age groups also differ. Statistics show that non-Hispanic whites are the most mobile. Compared to other racial-ethnic groups, they tend to move to other regions. Hispanics and blacks tend to migrate short distances. The mobile migration group also includes the white population of pensioners. The largest loss from internal migration was experienced by the Northeast of the United States.
Differences in migration flows also exist among representatives age groups. For example, young people aged between $20 and $29 are most likely to leave the country's northern regions. The reason for age migration, in this case, is the decline in economic opportunities.
Remark 2
According to the forecast of specialists until $2025, the Northeast and Midwest will be characterized by negative migration rates. The main migration flow will have a southerly direction. Florida and Texas will receive the largest number of migrants.
If we talk about external migrations, then $1 million people enter the United States annually for permanent residence. The bulk of migrants come from Latin America, East and Southeast Asia. Of the countries of Latin America stand out Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba. A lot of illegal immigrants come to the country.
US population increases by almost 3 million annually. This is due more to immigration than to births. By the end of 2017, there will be 327 million Americans.
Residential density
Area - 9.6 km 2. It includes land and water surface.
At the end of 2016, there were 325.4 million citizens in the state, or 34 people / km 2.
Europe is more densely populated. In Austria and France, more than 100 inhabitants live per square kilometer, in Germany and Great Britain - more than 200. The figures are lower only in the Scandinavian countries: about 20 people / km 2.
In Russia - only 8 people / km 2.
Irregularity across the territory
In the United States, the eastern part adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean is densely populated: from 100 people / km 2.
These are continuous agglomerations of Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston, New York, Washington, which make up the metropolis of Boswash with a population of more than 40 million people.
Chipitts is another metropolis located near the Great Lakes, where 35 million people live.
Sansan is a western metropolis. Located between San Francisco and San Diego. Its population is 20 million people.
A narrow strip of the western coast, bounded by the Cordillera, is an industrial zone, where the population density reaches 88 people / km 2.
About 20 people / km 2 live on the territory of the Central Plains.
In Alaska, the minimum density: 0.5 people / km 2.
US population by state
Most populous states (in millions):
- California - 37.
- Texas - 25.
- New York - 19.
- Florida - 18.
- Illinois - 12.
- Pennsylvania - 12.
- Ohio - 11.
The state of Rhode Island has the smallest number of inhabitants - 105 thousand people.
A little more (500-700 thousand people) live in the following states:
- in Vermont;
- North Dakota;
- Wyoming;
- Alaska.
The highest population density in the states (in people / km 2):
- Washington - 3.78 thousand
- New Jersey - 455.
- Rhode Island - 386.
- Massachusetts - 307.
US city population
Most big cities(in million people):
- New York - 8.
- Los Angeles - 3.
- Chicago - 2.
- Houston - 2.
1 million people live in the following cities:
- in Philadelphia;
- Phoenix;
- San Antonia;
- San Diego;
- Dallas;
- San Jose.
82% of Americans is the number of urban population.
Nationalities and races of the USA
The ethnic composition is diverse. Representatives of all races and peoples of the world have gathered here.
Caucasians predominate (72%), followed by African Americans (12%) and Asians (4%). The rest consider themselves to be of other or mixed races.
Nationalities
Most people from the UK: 23%. The Germans are in second place: 10%. The share of Italians is 5%, Poles and French - 3% each, Chinese and Scandinavians - 1% each.
But family ties are so diverse that often no one but himself is able to determine the national roots of a particular citizen.
Natives from Spain and from countries inhabited by fellow countrymen of Christopher Columbus formed a separate sector of the population, which is divided into two parts:
- Latin Americans.
- Hispanic citizens.
There are 50 million of them in total. Now their share is 16%. But every year it increases. The natural increase in this category of the population is the highest in the country.
Among people who identify themselves as Hispanics, there are:
- whites;
- Hawaiians;
- Asians;
- Eskimos;
- Indians;
- blacks.
White-skinned representatives retain the advantage: 30 million people.
Demography. How many people live in the USA?
In the XXI century, the annual growth of the US population is 0.75%. By the end of 2016, 325.5 million inhabitants were registered in the country. Of these, 164.8 million are women and 160.7 million are men.
The growth comes from:
- birth rate - 1.4 million people;
- migration - 1.0 million people.
If the trend does not change, then in 2017 there will be 2.4 million more Americans, which equals 327.9 million people.
At the end of 2016, the age categories were distributed as follows:
- Children under 15 - 20.1% of citizens: 33.4 million boys, 32.0 million girls.
- Elderly people over 65 years old - 13.1%: 18.4 million men, 24.3 million women.
- The working-age part of the population from 16 to 64 years old is 66.8%: 108.5 million men, 108.9 million women.
This picture is typical for developed countries. They have low mortality and high life expectancy.
To determine the burden of the disabled population on society, the dependency ratio is used. To get it, divide the sum of the number of the first two categories (108 million) by the number of people in the third category (217 million). In the US, the ratio is 49.7%. This is a good result, as it creates a weak burden on able-bodied citizens. In the world, this figure has reached 53%.
A low coefficient means that the state can allocate more funds to education, social protection, healthcare.
The average life expectancy for American men is 76 years, for American women it is up to 81 years.
The average life expectancy of the population of a country like the United States has reached 78 years. In the world, this level is lower: 71 years.
Data taken from the UN (Department of Economic and Social Affairs).