What age groups are divided into. Estimating the distribution of the population by age groups


Even in the last century, a woman of 30 years old was considered elderly. Upon admission to the maternity ward, the expectant mother was classified as an old-bearer and was given disapproving glances. Today the situation has changed radically. Now a 40-year-old pregnant woman surprises few people. This is due to the increase in human life expectancy and other criteria.

The trend has forced the world community to reconsider the existing age limits. In particular, the WHO classification of ages has changed.

WHO classification

According to available data, the World Health Organization divides people into the following groups and categories:

When compiling the table, physicians were guided by improved health and appearance a person, increasing the ability to bear children, maintaining working capacity for many years and other factors.

Gradation remotely resembles the division into certain groups and periods of life that existed in Ancient Rome. At the time of Hippocrates, the age of up to 14 years old was considered youth, 15-42 years old maturity, 43-63 years old age, above that - longevity.

The change in periodization, according to scientists, is due to an increase in the intellectual level of mankind. Thanks to this, the body independently slows down the aging process, pushing back withering and the inevitable end. Peak of intellectual development modern man accounts for 42-45 years. This provides wisdom and, as a result, high adaptability.

According to statistics, over the years, the number of the population, whose age is 60-90 years old, increases 4-5 times faster than the general figures.

This and other criteria determine the gradual increase in the retirement age in a number of countries around the world.

The influence of age on a person

but age classification The World Health Organization cannot change the mind of a person. In remote settlements people still consider 45 years and more to be practically the pre-retirement age.

Women who have overcome the forty-year threshold are ready to give up on themselves. Many older ladies abuse alcohol and smoking, stop caring for themselves. As a result, a woman loses her attractiveness, quickly ages. Subsequently, psychological problems arise that aggravate the situation. If a woman or a man feels really old, then no adjustments in the classification of a person's age according to WHO are able to change the situation.

In this case, the patient needs high-quality timely assistance from a professional psychologist. Experts recommend reconsidering life and finding a new meaning in it. It can be a hobby, work, caring for loved ones, travel. Change of scenery, positive emotions, healthy lifestyle contribute to the improvement of the emotional state and, as a result, an increase in life expectancy.

As for the male part of the population, it is also prone to depression. As a result, representatives strong half humanity in middle age destroy families, creating new ones with young girls. According to psychologists, in this way men try to keep the passing years.

Now the midlife crisis on average occurs about 50 years, increasing from year to year. A few decades ago, its peak was 35 years.

It is worth noting that the country of residence, economic and environmental situation, mentality and other factors affect the psycho-emotional state.

According to previous studies, the real age gradation and periodization is different. Residents of European countries consider the end of youth at 50 +/-2 years. In Asian countries, many 55-year-olds feel young and not ready to retire. The same applies to residents of a number of states in America.

The classification of ages adopted by the World Health Organization is a generalized indicator that changes with a certain interval. Based on them, you can prepare the body for subsequent senile changes, reorient yourself in time, find a hobby, etc.

In each case, the gradation should take into account the individual characteristics of a person. Modern medical equipment and technologies make it possible to keep the body in good shape for many years.

The future of any state is in the hands of the younger generation. After all, they will soon lead the country, develop culture, and keep their values. Therefore, it is important to know what hobbies young people have, what they do. If necessary, help them to stand on the right way. Youth statistics show a general picture of the positive and negative traits of the current generation. It also reveals their position in society, the degree of participation in the development of the social environment.

Number of young people in Russia

In recent times, the number of young people in Russia has been declining. Consequently, its share in the overall structure of the country also decreases. The number of young people in Russia according to statistics in 2016 is 31.4 million (14-30 years old), which is 21.5% of total population. Moreover, for 4 years, male representatives have dominated in percentage terms (50.8%).

According to Rosstat, the urban population is most- 75.6% (23.8 million). Whereas 7.6 million live in villages. This is due to an increase in the level of urbanization (over 100 years, the figures have increased by more than 4 times). Age structure of Russian youth (according to 2016 statistics):


  • 14–17 years old - 17.1%;
  • 18–22 years old - 23.2%;
  • 23-27 years old - 35.1%;
  • 28-30 years old - 24.6%.

Youth statistics predict a reduction in the number of representatives to 25 million in the next ten years. The reason is emigration due to dissatisfaction with material well-being. The advantage of the country is leaving people with higher education, living in large cities.

Education of Russian youth


Education has great importance for the self-realization of the individual. The quality of life of each person largely depends on the availability of professional skills. Today, education in Russia is at a fairly high level and is not inferior to similar indicators in Western countries. Youth statistics are distributed as follows:

Anyone who decides to higher education, faced with the choice of profession. In the system of secondary vocational education, the most popular are:

  • Cook;
  • confectioner;
  • Auto Mechanic.

In some colleges, the competition for the profession of a cook exceeds 13 people for one place. This is higher than for other specialties in many universities.

Statistics of career choice among young people show that in 2016 the majority of applicants chose “law” (19,000). Then preference was given to "management" (9 328), "finance, banking and" (8 707). List of in-demand professions 2016–2020:

What do young people spend money on, according to statistics? The student survey shows the following:

  • food - 63%;
  • buying clothes - 34%;
  • investments in hobbies - 24%;
  • visits to bars and restaurants - 21%;
  • Buying gifts for yourself and your family - 20%.

Youth and politics

The activity of the modern generation in politics is not great. Youth in politics statistics reveals only 14% of social media users (18-24 years old) who are interested in political news. In only 18% of students enter into a political discussion with teachers.

The statistics of youth in the elections also show low activity. The level of electoral activity does not exceed 40%. When asked about participation in political or public life over the past two years, 49% gave a negative answer.

The statistics among young people is distributed as follows - a low level of electoral activity was recorded in the capital (28%), and a high level in villages (38%).

Bad habits

People have different interests, employment levels, lifestyles. Much depends on the nature of the individual. However, there are some habits that generalize youth. They increase the risk of various developments and increase mortality.

For example, it is very common among young people. Statistics show that in higher education about 75% of boys and 64% of girls use cigarettes. At the age of 20-29, the proportion of women who smoke is 10 times higher than among 60-year-olds.

If we consider the age category from 15 to 19 years. The number of smokers is distributed as follows - 40% of boys and 7% of girls. The main reason is that others do it. For most smokers, cigarettes have become a habit that can cost them their lives.

Developmental psychology studies the facts and patterns of the mental development of a healthy person. Traditionally, it is customary to divide its life cycle into the following periods:

  1. prenatal (intrauterine);
  2. childhood;
  3. adolescence;
  4. maturity (adult state);
  5. advanced age, old age.

In turn, each of the periods consists of several stages that have a number of characteristic features.

All these stages have their own specifics associated with the level of physiological functioning, the degree of mental development of a person, his psychological qualities and prevailing desires, prevailing forms of behavior and activity.

prenatal period divided into 3 stages:

  • pre-embryonic;
  • germinal(embryonic);
  • fetal stage.

The first stage lasts 2 weeks and corresponds to the development of a fertilized egg until it is embedded in the wall of the uterus and the umbilical cord is formed. The second - from the beginning of the third week after fertilization until the end of the second month of development. At this stage, anatomical and physiological differentiation of various organs occurs. The third begins from the third month of development and ends by the time of birth. At this time, the formation of body systems that allow it to survive after birth takes place. The fetus acquires the ability to survive in the air at the beginning of the seventh month, and from that time it is already called a child.

Childhood period includes stages:

  • birth and infancy(from birth to 1 year);
  • early childhood (or "first childhood" - from 1 year to 3 years) - the period of development of functional independence and speech;
  • preschool age (or "second childhood" - from 3 to 6 years), is characterized by the development of the child's personality and cognitive processes;
  • primary school age(or "third childhood" - from 6 to 11-12 years old) corresponds to the inclusion of the child in social group and development of intellectual skills and knowledge.

Adolescence is divided into two periods:

  • teenage (or puberty);
  • youthful (juvenile).

The first period corresponds to puberty and lasts from 11-12 to 14-15 years. At this time, under the influence of constitutional changes, a new idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthemselves is formed in a teenager. The second period lasts from 16 to 20-23 years and represents the transition to maturity. From a biological point of view, the young man is already an adult, but has not yet reached social maturity: youth is characterized by a sense of psychological independence, although a person has not yet assumed any social obligations. Youth acts as a period of making responsible decisions that determine the entire future life of a person: the choice of a profession and one's place in life, the search for the meaning of life, the formation of one's worldview and self-awareness, and the choice of a life partner.

During the transition from one age stage to another, critical periods, or crises, are distinguished, when the former form of a person’s relationship with the outside world is destroyed and a new one is formed, which is accompanied by significant psychological difficulties for the person himself and his social environment. Allocate small crises(crisis of the first year, crisis of 7 years, crisis of 17/18 years) and big crises(birth crisis, 3 years, adolescent crisis 13-14 years). In the case of the latter, the relationship between the child and society is rebuilt. Minor crises are outwardly calmer, they are associated with an increase in the skills and independence of a person. During periods of the critical phase, children are difficult to educate, stubborn, show negativism, obstinacy, and disobedience.

Maturity. It is divided into a number of stages and crises. Stage early maturity, or youth(from 20-23 to 30-33 years), corresponds to the entry of a person into intensive personal life And professional activity. This is the period of "becoming", self-assertion in love, sex, career, family, society.

In mature years, their crisis periods stand out. One of them is the crisis of 33-35 years, when, having reached a certain social and family status, a person begins to think with anxiety: “Is this all that life can give me? Is there really nothing better? And some begin to frantically change jobs, spouses, places of residence, hobbies, etc. Then comes short stabilization period from 35 to 40-43 years old, when a person consolidates everything that he has achieved, is confident in his professional skills, authority, has an acceptable level of career success and material prosperity, his health, marital status and sexual relations are normalized.

After a period of stability comes critical decade 45-55 years. A person begins to feel the approach of middle age: health is deteriorating, signs of loss of beauty and physical fitness appear, alienation sets in in the family and in relationships with grown-up children, there comes a fear that you will not get anything better either in life, or in a career, or in love. As a result of this, there is a feeling of fatigue from reality, depressive moods, from which a person hides either in dreams of new love victories, or in real attempts to “prove his youth” in love affairs, or a career takes off. The final period of maturity lasts from 55 to 65 years. This is a period of physiological and psychological balance, a decrease in sexual tension, a gradual withdrawal of a person from active work and social life. The age from 65 to 75 is referred to as the first old age. After 75 years, age is considered advanced: a person rethinks his whole life, realizes his Self in spiritual thoughts about the years he has lived - and either accepts his life as a unique destiny that does not need to be redone, or understands that life was in vain.

IN old age(old age) a person has to overcome three sub-crises. The first of them is a reassessment of one's self, which is not related to the professional role, which for many people remains the main one until retirement. The second sub-crisis is associated with the awareness of the deterioration of health and aging of the body, which makes it possible for a person to develop the necessary indifference to this.

As a result of the third sub-crisis, self-concern disappears, and now one can accept the thought of death without horror.

Faced with its inevitability, a person goes through a series of stages. The first of them - denial. The thought “No, not me!” - the usual and normal reaction of a person to the announcement of a fatal diagnosis. Then comes the stage of anger. It embraces the patient when asked “Why me?”, pours out on other people who care about this person and, in general, on any healthy person. For this stage to come to an end, the dying person must pour out his feelings.

Next stage - "bargaining". The patient is trying to prolong his life, promising to be an obedient patient or an exemplary believer, trying to prolong his life with the help of medical achievements and repentance before God for his sins and mistakes.

All these three phases constitute a period of crisis and develop in the order described, there are returns to the previous stage.

After the resolution of this crisis, the dying person enters the stage depression. He realizes: "Yes, this time it is I who will die." He withdraws into himself, often feels the need to cry at the thought of those whom he is forced to leave. This is the stage of preparatory sadness, in which the dying person renounces life and prepares to meet death, accepting it as his last life stage. He is further and further separated from living people, withdrawing into himself, - the state “ social death”(from society, from people, a person has already moved away, as if he died in a social sense).

Fifth stage - "acceptance of death". A person realizes and agrees, resigns himself to the inevitability of imminent death and humbly awaits his end. This state "mental death"(Psychologically, a person has already, as it were, abandoned life). clinical death occurs from the moment the heart stops working and breathing stops, but within 10-20 minutes it is still possible to bring a person back to life with medical efforts.

Brain death means the complete cessation of brain activity and its control over various body functions, resulting in the death of brain cells. Physiological death corresponds to the extinction of the last functions of the body and the death of all its cells. According to some religious views and the opinion of a number of scientists, with the death of the body, the soul, the human psyche, does not die. There is a hypothesis that it continues to exist in the form of an information clot after the death of a person and connects with the global information field. The traditional materialistic understanding denies the possibility of preserving the soul, the psyche of a person after his death, although the latest studies of physicists, doctors, and psychologists are no longer so categorical.

AGE CLASSIFICATION, age grouping, the distribution of the ages of people into more or less large groups that unite them on the basis of the similarity of any social or demographic functions. It is usually applied to the entire population or large populations of people. Age classification is based on the idea of ​​age periodization. Age classification allows you to separate certain age contingents. Age classification criteria depend on the purpose of the study. In demography, it is preferable to classify age into 1-year or 5-year groups; in the latter case, often (for example, when calculating brief tables of mortality), the first 5-year group is subdivided into 1-year groups due to its particular importance. When studying marriage and fertility, marriageable ages and the reproductive age of women are distinguished. From an economic point of view, ages are divided into 3 groups - pre-working, working and post-working (pre-working able-bodied and post-working), the boundaries of which are different. years and older or 0-14, 15-64, 65 years and older). This classification of age is accepted in international practice. In the USSR, in planning practice, the grouping is used 0-15, 16-54, 55 years and older - for women 0-15, 16-59, 60 years and older - for men. The classification of age, which is important for the analysis of the structure of labor resources, was developed by B. Ts. Urlanis. At the same time, the population is subdivided into groups - working - up to 15 years (including children of toddler age - up to 2, school-3-6 and school - 7-15 years) working - 16-59 years (including youth - 16-24, maturity - 25-44 and late maturity - 45-59 years), post-working - 60 years and older (including old age - 60-69, early old age - 70-79, deep old age - 80 years and more).

Based on the analysis of age-related changes in various organs and tissues, as well as an assessment of the body's performance, the decision of the Leningrad Conference on Gerontology (1962) and the WHO seminar on social and clinical problems in the USSR adopted the so-called working classification of the age limits of the second half of a person's life. Age 45-59 is defined as middle, 60-74 - elderly, over 75 - senile, in which long-livers stand out - people aged 90 years and older.

Attempts to propose a universal classification of age have been made for a long time. So the Russian statistician and demographer of the 1st half of the 19th century A.P. Roschavsky-Petrovsky singled out the younger generation - up to 15 years old (including minors - up to 5 years old and children - 5-15), the flowering generation - 16-60 years (including young - 16-30, mature - 30-45, elderly - 45-60 years), fading generation - 61-100 years and older (including old - 61 - 75, durable - 75-100 and older). The age classification proposed in 1939 by the Demographic Statistics Section of the American Health Association is consistent with the classifications accepted in modern international comparisons. It has 8 periods: infancy - up to 1 year, preschool age - from 1 to 4 years, school years - 5-14, youth - 15-24, years of greatest activity - 15-44, average age - 45-64, early period old age - 65-74, old age - from 75 years. Other universal classifications of age are known, but none of them has now become generally accepted (see also Age).

I.V. Kalinyuk.

Demographic encyclopedic Dictionary. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. Chief Editor DI. Valentey. 1985.

To build the age structure of the population are usually used:

One-year age intervals

Five-year age intervals

Ten-year age intervals.

One-year age structure is the distribution of the population according to the following age groups: 0 years old, 1 year old, 2 years old, 3 years old, 89, w years old. w - this is a certain age limit, which ends the distribution of the population by one-year age groups.

Five year age structure is based on the following age groups: 0 years old, 1-4 years old, 5-9 years old, 10-14 years old, 35-39 years old, 80-84 years old, 100 years old and older. This is the so-called standard age grouping, which is used in international demostatistical practice (in particular, in UN publications) and which should be followed by anyone who uses age as an independent or dependent variable.

Ten year age structure is based on the following age groups: 0 years old, 1-9 years old, 10-19 years old, 20-29 years old, 60-69 years old, 100 years old and older. To assess the general structural shifts in the age structure, a more enlarged age group is also used: 0-14 years old, 15-59, 60 years and older, which shows the ratio in the population of the numbers and proportions of children, adults and the elderly. It's obvious that best opportunities for demographic analysis provides a one-year age structure that allows ages to be grouped according to specific scientific or practical goals and objectives. That is why a one-year age structure is most preferable. However, unfortunately, as a rule, data on the age structure are published only in a five-year grouping.

In addition to age groups, when analyzing the age structure, depending on specific goals, there are also so-called. age groups.

Domestic statistics distinguishes a number of such categories, the composition of which is determined both by the physiological characteristics of people, and by existing social relations and legislation reflecting them. Among these age contingents are: nursery (children aged 3-6 years), school (children and adolescents aged 7-15 years), able-bodied (men aged 16-59 and women aged 16-54) , reproductive (women aged 15-49), conscription (men aged 18-50), electoral (men and women over 18), etc. As can be seen from this list, age contingents are usually singled out in connection with the various functional roles that are characteristic of certain ages.


In demography, age, as already mentioned, changes with the time that has elapsed since birth. Information on age is obtained in the course of population censuses, special surveys, as well as current registration of births, marriages and divorces, deaths, etc. Methodically important is the question of how to ask a person about age. Incorrect wording of the relevant question can increase the frequency of bias and lead to skewed data on age composition population, in particular, to the emergence of the so-called. age accumulation.

Age accumulation is understood as the concentration in certain ages of populations that are significantly larger than in neighboring ones.

Age accumulation occurs under the influence of the psychological tendency of people to round numerical variables, naming rounded, approximate values ​​instead of exact age values. Most often, age-related accumulation is observed at ages ending in "0" or "5", however, contraction of responses also occurs at ages that end, for example, in "2" or "8". The presence of age accumulation, of course, is possible only in the age structure built on one-year age groups. In five-year groupings, age accumulation is not observed.

According to international guidelines, a person should be asked either about the exact date of birth, or about full number years of age on the last birthday. This is how, in two ways, the question of age is formulated in the census forms in modern population censuses. Such a technique reduces the risk of systematic distortion of age data and makes it possible to avoid or significantly reduce age-related accumulation.

The demographic aging of the population became the object of attention of statisticians and demographers at the end of the 19th - the first quarter of the 20th century.

Population aging, or demographic aging, is understood as an increase in the proportion of elderly and old people in the population. It is characterized by an increase in the proportion of older people (60 years and older) while a decrease in the proportion of children (under the age of 15) and the working-age population (from 15 to 59 years). Population aging is the result of long-term demographic changes, shifts in the nature of population reproduction, in birth and death rates and their ratios, and also, in part, migration.

As a criterion for assessing demographic aging, proportion of people over a certain age in the population. In Russia and in many other countries, this is the age of 60 years; in developed Western countries and in international practice, this is the age of 65 years. In the latter case, the UN demographic aging scale is used.

According to it, three types of population are distinguished:

- young - the proportion of people over 65 is more than 4%

- on the verge of demographic old age - the proportion of people over 65 is from 4 to 7%

- old - the proportion of people over 65 years of age - 7% or more.

The countries of the world are fairly evenly distributed on the scale of demographic aging: each of the groups includes approximately 65-70 countries.

Figures and facts

Population aging has occurred and is occurring unevenly across different countries. France was a kind of leader here, in which already in 1870 the proportion of people aged 60 years and older exceeded 12%, i.e. demographic age began. In 1901 Sweden crossed this threshold of demographic old age, in 1931 - Great Britain, in 1937 - Germany. In Russia, the process of population aging began later and for a long time proceeded much more slowly than in European countries.

The proportion of the population aged 65 and over is 7% worldwide, incl. in developed countries - 14%, in developing countries - 5% and in the so-called. least developed countries - 4%.

The main conclusions of the UN specialists are the following:

1. The process of demographic aging has now acquired unprecedented proportions. which have no analogues in the history of mankind. In 2047, the number of older people worldwide is expected to exceed the number of children. In the most developed regions, where population aging began earlier, this happened as early as 1998. In 37 countries around the world, the number of people aged 60 and over has already surpassed the number of children under 15.

2. Demographic aging is a global phenomenon, it occurs in almost all countries of the world and affects all population groups. One of the main causes of population aging is the almost universal decline in fertility. The resulting decline in the growth rate of the number of children against the backdrop of a steady increase in the number of elderly people directly affects the ideas of justice and solidarity, which are fundamental in society, both among members of one generation and among members of different generations.

3. To the greatest extent, the process of demographic aging has affected the most developed regions of the world, first of all Europe, in the least - the least developed countries (Fig. 4.1).

Figure 4.1. Share of the population of older age groups by main regions of the world, 2007, % of the total population

Figures and facts

If about 18% of all people in the world live in the most developed countries, then among people 60 years of age and older - almost 36%, and among people 80 years of age and older - more than half (51%). There are significant differences between regions in the relative size of the elderly population. Currently, one fifth of the population of the most developed regions is made up of people aged 60 years and older, and by 2050, according to forecasts, their proportion will increase to one third. In less developed regions, the proportion of older persons is now only 8%, but by 2050 it will increase to 20%, that is, by the middle of this century, developing countries can reach the stage of demographic aging in which developed countries are currently.

4. However, the population aging process in developing countries is faster than in developed countries. Therefore, developing countries will have less time to adapt to its consequences. In addition, the process of population aging in developing countries occurs at lower levels of socio-economic development than in developed countries.

5. Among the countries of the world specific gravity The population aged 60 and over varies from 1.7% in the UAE to 27.9% in Japan. Russia, in which the proportion of the population over 60 is 17.1%, occupies 44th place in this row immediately after the United States (17.2%). In addition to Japan, Italy (26.4%) and Germany (25.3%) have the highest proportion of older people. Back at 24 European countries it ranges from 20.1% to 24.1% (Fig. 2). On the other hand, in 2 countries of the world the proportion of the population aged 60 and over in 2007 did not exceed 3% (UAE and Qatar), in 11 - 4%, in 39 countries - 5%.

Figure 4.2. Share of population aged 60 and over in 192 countries, 2007, % of the total population

Figures and facts

The aging index, which shows the ratio of the number of older and younger ages, in the whole world was about 39% in 2007 (39 people aged 60 and over per 100 people under 15). In the more developed regions of the world, where the number of older people already exceeded the number of children in the late 1990s, it reached 124, in the less developed countries - 28, in the least developed - 12.

Among large geographical regions, only Europe (136) has an aging index above 100%, while in North America it is still 86, in Australia and New Zealand - 93. Africa, with the highest proportion of children under 15 years of age - 41, 1% - and the lowest proportion of the elderly - 5.3% - the aging index is 13 (Fig. 4. 3). However, in 20 countries of the world, the aging index does not even reach 10 (i.e., for every 100 children under the age of 15, there are no more than 10 people over 60 years old. This group consists mainly of African countries, as well as Afghanistan and Palestine.

Figure 4.3. The ratio of the number of children and the elderly by major regions of the world, 2007, % of the total population and the aging index (number of persons aged 60 years and over per 100 children under 15 years of age.

Among the countries of the world, the aging index ranges from 6.6 in Niger to 201 in Japan. Russia occupies the 30th place in this row (Fig. 4.4). In 37 countries of the world it exceeds the level of 100%, that is, the number of people aged 60 and over more number children under 15 years of age. In addition to European countries, this group includes the already mentioned Japan, Hong Kong (a special autonomous region of China) and Canada. Australia has an aging index of 95, while New Zealand and the US have an aging index of 84.

Figure 4.4. World Aging Index, 2007, number of persons aged 60 and over per 100 children under 15 years of age

6. There is an increase in the median age dividing the population in half. In 2007, the median age of the world's population was over 28, meaning that half of humanity was under 28 and the other half over 28. In Europe, it reached 39 years, while in Africa and the group of least developed countries it did not exceed 19 years (Fig. 4.5).

The country with the youngest population is Uganda, where the median age is less than 15; Japan has the oldest population, where it approaches 43 years (Fig. 4.6). In addition to Japan, the median age is above 42 in Italy and Germany, and above 40 in 8 other European countries. Russia in this series takes 34th place. On the other hand, in 62 countries around the world, half the population is made up of children and young people under 20 years of age.

Figure 4.5 Median age population of the main regions of the world, 2007, years

Picture. 4.6. Median age of the world's population, 2007, years

7. Population aging is a deep process that has a great impact on all aspects of people's lives. In the economic realm, population aging is reflected in economic growth, savings, investment and consumption, labor markets, pensions, taxation, and intergenerational transfers. Even in Japan, a country with a standard of living and life expectancy that is incomparable to ours, the ultra-low birth rate forced the government to increase the retirement age to 70 years.

In the social sphere, population aging affects family composition and living conditions, housing needs, migration trends, the epidemiological situation and the need for medical services. In the political arena, population aging can affect election results and political representation. The problems of loneliness and deprivation of the elderly and old are intensifying, their alienation from younger generations is growing. Taking into account the trends and consequences of demographic aging is one of the most important tasks of social policy.

8. Population aging is long-term. In the 20th century, the proportion of older people has steadily increased and this trend is expected to continue into the 21st century. Thus, in 1950, the proportion of older people was 8%, and by 2050, according to forecasts, it will reach 22%. Since it is unlikely that fertility rates will rise to previously high levels, the process of demographic aging is irreversible and the proportion of young people, who until recently constituted a significant part of the population, is likely to decline in the 21st century.



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